Margaret Audley, Duchess of Norfolk

Margaret Audley
Duchess of Norfolk
Margaret Howard, Duchess of Norfolk by Hans Eworth, 1562
Spouse(s)	Lord Henry Dudley Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
Issue Lady Elizabeth Howard Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk Lord William Howard Lady Margaret Howard, Countess of Dorset
Father	Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden
Mother	Lady Elizabeth Grey
Born	1540
Died	9 January 1564 (aged 23-24)

Margaret Howard (née Audley), Duchess of Norfolk (1540 – 9 January 1564) was the sole surviving child^[1] of Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden and Lady Elizabeth Grey, daughter of Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset and Margaret Wotton.

Marriages

Margaret was a wealthy heiress^[2] and married first, without issue, Lord Henry Dudley, the youngest son of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland. Her lands were confiscated when her father-in-law was found guilty of treason and executed. In 1556, after her husband had been pardoned, they sued in chancery court to gain back her territory in Hertfordshire, which had been claimed by Thomas Castell.^[3] Henry Dudley was killed at the storming of St. Quentin on 27 August 1557.^[4]

In early 1558, Margaret was betrothed to her fifth cousin, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk. A papal dispensation was required to wed since his first wife, Lady Mary FitzAlan, had been Margaret’s first cousin. In November 1558 the Catholic Queen Mary I died and was succeeded by Elizabeth I, who began to restore Protestantism to England. Norfolk and his new wife married without the dispensation during the transition of power and in March 1559 Parliament ratified the marriage.

In January 1559, the new Duchess of Norfolk participated in the coronation of Elizabeth I. Lady Margaret Douglas, the queen's cousin, and the Duchess were the two principal ladies of honour who rode behind the queen in her procession from the Tower of Westminster. The following day, she accompanied her husband who carried St Edward's Crown to Westminster Abbey, while she bore the train of the new queen. After the coronation, the Norfolk's retired to Kenninghall and did not return to London until the following autumn.

The Duke and Duchess had four children:

• Lady Elizabeth Howard (1560-d. yng), who died young.
• Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk (1561-1626), who firstly married his step-sister, Mary Dacre, no issue. He married secondly to Katherine Knyvet c. 1583 and had issue.
• Lady Margaret Howard (1562-1591), who married Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset and had issue.
• Lord William Howard of Naworth Castle and Henderskelfe Castle (now the site of Castle Howard) (1563-1640), who married Elizabeth Dacre, daughter of Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre and Elizabeth Leyburne, who coincidentally became Duchess of Norfolk in 1567 as the third wife of the 4th Duke of Norfolk. Had issue.

Death

Margaret Howard’s rejoined her husband for Christmas in 1563 when she was still weak from the birth of her fourth child three weeks earlier. She became ill on the journey and died at Norwich on 9 January 1564.^[5] She was buried at St. John the Baptist's church at Norwich alongside Norfolk's first wife and her cousin, Lady Mary FitzAlan. A large tomb on which heraldic quarterings and the two effigies are shown in their robes of state was erected in their honour. After Margaret's death, her mother Lady Elizabeth Grey watched over her grandchildren until the Duke remarried to Elizabeth Leyburne in 1567.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Margaret Audley, Duchess of Norfolk

8. Ralph Audley[6]                       4. Geoffrey Audley of Earls Colne John Grey of Groby                             2. Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden                                   1. Margaret Audley                                         24. Sir John Grey               12. Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset                       25. Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England               6. Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset                             26. William Bonville, 6th Baron Harington               13. Cecily Bonville, Baroness Harington and Bonville                       27. Lady Katherine Neville               3. Lady Elizabeth Grey                                   28. Nicholas Wotton[7]               14. Sir Robert Wotton                       29. Elizabeth Bamburgh[7]               7. Margaret Wotton, Marchioness of Dorset                             30. Henry Belknap[7]               15. Anne Belknap                       31. Margaret Knollys[7]

Notes

1. Williams p. 34
2. Adams p. 171
3. Beer p. 195
4. Williams pp. 49, 34
5. Williams p. 87
6. George Edward Cokayne. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, Vol. I, pg 348.
7. Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. II, pg 141, 234, 307.

References

• Adams, Simon: Leicester and the Court: Essays in Elizabethan Politics. Manchester UP. 2002. ISBN 0-7190-5325-0.
• Beer, B.L.: Northumberland: The Political Career of John Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland. The Kent State University Press. 1973. ISBN 0-87338-140-8.
• Neville Williams: Thomas Howard, Fourth Duke of Norfolk. Barrie & Rockliff. 1964.