Margarites

Margarites
Apertural view of a shell of Margarites ecarinatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Vetigastropoda
Superfamily:	Trochoidea
Family:	Margaritidae
Genus:	Margarites Gray, 1847
Type species
Helix margarita Montagu, 1808
Synonyms
Eumargarita P. Fischer, 1885 Margarita Leach, 1819 (Invalid: junior homonym of Margarita Leach, 1814 [Bivalvia, Pteriidae]) Trochus (Margarita) Leach, 1819 (non Leach, 1814) Valvatella Gray, 1857

Margarites is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Margaritidae.^[1]

This genus belonged previously to the subfamily Margaritinae in the family Turbinidae.

Description

This genus consists of small species of variable size between 3 mm and 15 mm. The Alaskan specimens of Margarites costalis reach almost 25 mm in diameter. Their flat shell has a turbiniform shape with convex whorls and a typical iridescent lustre.

Species

Species within the genus Margarites include:^[1]

• Margarites albolineatus (E. A. Smith, 1899)
• Margarites angulatus Galkin, 1955
• Margarites argentatus (Gould, 1841)^[2]
• Margarites atlantoides (Quinn, 1992)
• Margarites avachensis Galkin, 1955 [ex Bartsch MS]
• Margarites avenosooki MacGinitie, 1959
• Margarites bairdii (Dall, 1889)^[3]
• Margarites biconica Numanami, 1996^[4]
• Margarites bisikovi Egorov, 2000^[5]
• Margarites cabernet Egorov, 2000^[6]
• Margarites calliostomoides Egorov, 2000^[7]
• Margarites costalis (Gould, 1841)^[8]
• Margarites crebrilirulata (Smith, 1907)^[9]
• Margarites dnopherus (Watson, 1879)
• Margarites ecarinatus (Dall, 1919)
• Margarites giganteus (Leche, 1878)^[10]
• Margarites glabrus Golikov & Gulbin, 1978
• Margarites groenlandicus (Gmelin, 1791)^[11]
• Margarites gunnerusensis Numanami, 1996^[12]
• Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)^[13]
• Margarites hickmanae J. H. McLean, 1984
• Margarites huloti Vilvens & Sellanes, 2006^[14]
• Margarites imperialis Simone & Birman, 2006^[15]
• Margarites keepi Smith & Gordon, 1948
• Margarites kophameli (Strebel, 1905)
• Margarites koreanicus (Dall, 1919)
• Margarites laminarum (Jeffreys, 1883)
• Margarites miona Dall, 1927
• Margarites mirabilis Simone & Birman, 2006^[16]
• Margarites olivaceus (Brown, 1827)^[17]
• Margarites picturatus Golikov, in Golikov & Scarlato, 1967
• Margarites pilsbryi Kuroda & Habe, 1952
• Margarites pribiloffensis (Dall, 1919)
• Margarites pupillus (Gould, 1849)
• Margarites refulgens (Smith, 1907)^[18]
• Margarites rossicus Dall, 1919
• Margarites ryukyuensis Okutani, Sasaki & Tsuchida, 2000^[19]
• Margarites salmoneus (Carpenter, 1864)
• Margarites schantaricus (Middendorff, 1849)
• Margarites scintillans (Watson, 1879)
• Margarites shinkai Okutani, Tsuchida & Fujikura, 1992
• Margarites simbla Dall, 1913
• Margarites smithi Bartsch, 1927
• Margarites sordidus (Hancock, 1846)^[20]
• Margarites striatus (Leach, 1841)^[21]
• Margarites toroides Hoffman, van Heugten & Lavaleye, 2011
• Margarites vahlii (Møller, 1842)^[22]
• Margarites vityazi Egorov, 2000^[23]
• Margarites vorticiferus (Dall, 1873)

Species brought into synonymy

• Margarites acuticostatus Carpenter, 1864: synonym of Parviturbo acuticostatus (Carpenter, 1864)
• Margarites alabastrum "Beck, H.H. MS" Lovén, S.L., 1846: synonym of Calliostoma occidentale (Mighels, J.W. & C.B. Adams, 1842)
• Margarites albula Gould, A.A., 1861: synonym of Solariella obscura (Couthouy, J.P., 1838)
• Margarites beringensis (E. A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)
• Margarites biangulosus (A. Adams, 1854): synonym of Minolia biangulosa (A. Adams, 1854)
• Margarites cinereus Filatova, Z.A. & B.I. Zatsepin, 1948: synonym of Margarites costalis (Gould, 1841)
• Margarites clausus Golikov & Gulbin, 1978 : synonym of Cantharidoscops clausus (Golikov & Gulbin, 1978)
• Margarites diaphanus Gray, 1847: synonym of Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)
• Margarites dnopherus Rios, 1994 (non Watson, 1879): synonym of Margarites mirabilis Simone & Birman, 2006
• Margarites dulcis E. A. Smith, 1907: synonym of Antimargarita dulcis (E. A. Smith, 1907)
• Margarites elevatus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)
• Margarites erythrocoma Dall, 1889: synonym of Pseudostomatella erythrocoma (Dall, 1889)
• Margarites euspira (Dall, 1881):^[24] synonym of Bathymophila euspira (Dall, 1881)
• Margarites excavatus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)
• Margarites expansa Sowerby I, 1838: synonym of Margarella expansa (Sowerby I, 1838)
• Margarites frigidus Dall, 1919: synonym of Cantharidoscops frigidus (Dall, 1919)
• Margarites gemma E.A. Smith, 1915: synonym of Falsimargarita gemma (E.A. Smith, 1915)
• Margarites glauca Möller, H.P.C., 1842: synonym of Margarites olivaceus (Brown, 1827)
• Margarites grosvenori Dall, 1926: synonym of Margarites olivaceus (Brown, 1827)
• Margarites hypolispus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites vahlii (Møller, 1842)
• Margarites impervia Strebel, 1908: synonym of Lissotesta impervia (Strebel, 1908)
• Margarites johnsoni Dall, W.H., 1921: synonym of Margarites vahlii (Møller, 1842)
• Margarites kamchaticus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites schantaricus (Middendorff, 1849)
• Margarites kurilensis Golikov & Gulbin, 1978: synonym of Margarites groenlandicus kurilensis Golikov & Gulbin, 1978
• Margarites margaritiferus Okutani, 1964: synonym of Solariella margaritifera (Okutani, 1964)
• Margarites marginatus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites olivaceus marginatus Dall, 1919
• Margarites mighelsi Rehder, H.A., 1937: synonym of Margarites vahlii (Møller, 1842)
• Margarites minima Seguenza, 1876: synonym of Lissotesta minima (Seguenza, 1876)
• Margarites ochotensis (Philippi, 1846): synonym of Margarites schantaricus (Middendorff, 1849)
• Margarites pauperculus Dall, 1919: synonym of Solariella varicosa (Mighels & Adams, 1842)
• Margarites pruinosa Rochebrune & Mabille, 1885: synonym of Margarella pruinosa (Rochebrune & Mabille, 1885)
• Margarites regalis Verrill & Smith, 1880: synonym of Calliotropis regalis (Verrill & Smith, 1880)
• Margarites rudis Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites costalis (Gould, 1841)
• Margarites shannonicus Dall, 1919: synonym of Margarites striatus (Leach, 1841)
• Margarites striata striata Galkin, Y.I., 1955: synonym of Margarites costalis (Gould, 1841)
• Margarites umbilicalis Broderip & Sowerby, 1829: synonym of Margarites groenlandicus umbilicalis Broderip & Sowerby, 1829
• Margarites undulatus (G.B. Sowerby, I, 1838): synonym of Margarites groenlandicus (Gmelin, 1791)
• Margarites violacea King & Broderip, 1832: synonym of Margarella violacea (King & Broderip, 1832)
• Margarites vorticifer (Dall, 1873): synonym of Margarites vorticiferus (Dall, 1873)
• Margarites wacei Melvill & Standen, 1918: synonym of Margarella wacei (Melvill & Standen, 1918)

Nomina dubia 

• Margarites multilineatus DeKay, 1843
• Margarites ornatus (De Kay, 1843)
• Margarites sigaretinus (Sowerby I, 1838)

References

1. Margarites Gray, 1847.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 July 2013.
2. Margarites argentatus (Gould).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
3. Margarites bairdii (Dall, 1889).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
4. Margarites biconica Numanami, 1996.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
5. Margarites bisikovi Egorov, 2000.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
6. Margarites cabernet Egorov, 2000.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
7. Margarites calliostomoides Egorov, 2000.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
8. Margarites costalis (Gould, 1841).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
9. Margarites crebrilirulata (Smith, 1907).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
10. Margarites giganteus (Leche, 1878).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
11. Margarites groenlandicus (Gmelin, 1791).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
12. Margarites gunnerusensis Numanami, 1996.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
13. Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
14. Margarites huloti Vilvens & Sellanes, 2006.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
15. Margarites imperialis Simone & Birman, 2006.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
16. Margarites mirabilis Simone & Birman, 2006.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
17. Margarites olivaceus (Brown, 1827).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
18. Margarites refulgens (Smith, 1907).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
19. Margarites ryukyuensis Okutani, Sasaki & Tsuchida, 2000.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
20. Margarites sordidus (Hancock, 1846).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
21. Margarites striatus (Leach, 1841).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
22. Margarites vahlii (Møller, 1842).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
23. Margarites vityazi Egorov, 2000.  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.
24. Margarites euspira (Dall, 1881).  Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 20 April 2010.

• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
• Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp

External links