Marie-Marguerite d'Youville
| Saint Marie-Marguerite d'Youville | |
|---|---|
|
Painting of Marguerite d'Youville | |
| Mother of Universal Charity | |
| Born |
15 October 1701 Varennes, Quebec |
| Died |
23 December 1771 (aged 70) Montreal, Quebec |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Beatified | 1959 by Pope John XXIII |
| Canonized | 9 December 1990, Vatican Basilica, by Pope John Paul II |
| Feast | October |
| Patronage | widows, difficult marriages |
Saint Marguerite d'Youville (English /ˌmɒrɡəˈrit.djuːˈvɪl/) (October 15, 1701 – December 23, 1771) was a French Canadian widow who founded the religious order the Order of Sisters of Charity of Montreal, commonly known as the Grey Nuns of Montreal. She was canonized by Pope John-Paul II of the Roman Catholic Church in 1990, the first native-born Canadian to be declared a saint.
Early life and marriage
She was born Marie-Marguerite Dufrost de Lajemmerais in 1701 at Varennes, Quebec, oldest daughter of Christophe du Frost, Sieur de la Gesmerays (1661–1708) and Marie-Renée Gaultier de Varennes. (Pursuant to Quebec naming conventions, she would have always been known as Marguerite, not Marie.) Her father died when she was a young girl. Despite her family's poverty, at age 11 she was able to attend the Ursuline convent in Quebec City for two years before returning home to teach her younger brothers and sisters.[1] Marguerite's impending marriage to a scion of Varennes society was foiled by her mother's marriage below her class to Timothy Sullivan, an Irish doctor who was seen by the townspeople as a disreputable foreigner.[2] On 12 August 1722 at Notre-Dame Basilica in Montreal, she married François d'Youville, a bootlegger who sold liquor illegally to Indians in exchange for furs and who frequently left home for long periods for parts unknown. Despite this, the couple eventually had six children before François died in 1730. By age 30 she had suffered the loss of her father, husband and four of her six children, who died in infancy. Marguerite experienced a religious renewal during her marriage. "In all these sufferings Marguerite grew in her belief of God's presence in her life and of Her tender love for every human person. She, in turn, wanted to make known His compassionate love to all. She undertook many charitable works with complete trust in God, who she loved as a Father."[1]
Religious life
With her two surviving sons already in the priesthood, Marguerite and three other women founded in 1737 a religious association to provide a home for the poor in Montreal. At first the home only housed four or five members, but it grew as the women raised funds. As their actions went against the social conventions of the day, d'Youville and her colleagues were mocked by their friends and relatives and even by the poor they helped. Some called them "les grises", which can mean "the grey women" but which also means "the drunken women",[3] in reference to d'Youville's late husband. By 1744 the association had become a religious order with a rule and a formal community. In 1747 they were granted a charter to operate the General Hospital of Montreal, which by that time was in ruins and heavily in debt. d'Youville and her fellow workers brought the hospital back into financial security,[4] but the hospital was destroyed by fire in 1765.[1] The order rebuilt the hospital soon after. By this time, the order was commonly known as the "Grey Nuns of Montreal" after the nickname given to the nuns in ridicule years earlier. Years later, as the order expanded to other cities, the order became known simply as the "Grey Nuns".
Legacy
Marguerite d'Youville died in 1771 at the General Hospital. In 1959, she was beatified by Pope John XXIII, who called her "Mother of Universal Charity", and was canonized in 1990 by Pope John Paul II. She is the first native-born Canadian to be elevated to sainthood by the Roman Catholic Church. Her feast day is October 16. In 1961, a shrine was built in her birthplace of Varennes. Today, it is the site of a permanent exhibit about the life and works of Marguerite.[5]
A large number of Roman Catholic churches, schools, women's shelters, charity shops, and other institutions in Canada and worldwide are named after St. Marguerite d'Youville. Most notably, the renowned academic institution of higher learning, D'Youville College in Buffalo, NY, is named after St. Marguerite D'Youville.[6] The D'Youville Academy at Plattsburgh, New York was founded in 1860.[7]
Sir Louis-Amable Jetté’s wife, Lady Jetté, wrote a biography of Saint Marie-Marguerite d'Youville.[8]
Final resting place
In 2010, Mother Marie-Marguerite d'Youville's remains were removed from Grey Nuns Motherhouse and relocated to her birthplace of Varennes.
Recognition
On 21 September 1978 Canada Post issued 'Marguerite d'Youville' based on design by Antoine Dumas. The 14¢ stamps are perforated 13.5 and were printed by Canadian Bank Note Company, Limited.[9]
See also
Canadian Roman Catholic saints
Notes
- 1 2 3 "Marie Marguerite d'Youville (1701-1771)", Vatican Accessed 27 August 2008.
- ↑ Biography of St. Marguerite d'Youville from the Grey Nuns of Montreal. Accessed 27 August 2008. Archived June 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Many references give the translation as a genteel "tipsy", but the actual phrase is much more blunt and would best be translated as "filthy drunk".
- ↑ University of Saskatchewan Herstory of Marguerite d'Youville. Accessed 27 August 2008.
- ↑ Saint Marguerite d'Youville Shrine in Varennes Archived March 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ D'Youville College
- ↑ C.D. DeRoche and Russell Bordeau (September 1978). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: S. F. Vilas Home for Aged & Infirmed Ladies". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
- ↑ Morgan, Henry James. Types of Canadian women and of women who are or have been connected with Canada,(Toronto, 1903
- ↑ Canada Post stamp
External links
- Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
- Ancestors of Marguerite d'Youville (in French)
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "article name needed". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.
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