Maria W. Piers

Maria Weigl Piers (May 17, 1911 – May 21, 1997) was an American psychologist, social worker, educator and prolific author, whose career was especially devoted to the psycho-social development of children. With Barbara T. Bowman and Lorraine Wallach, Piers founded the Chicago School for Early Childhood Education, later renamed Erikson Institute in recognition of the work of Erik Erikson.^[1] Piers served as professor and dean at Erikson Institute, and brought her particular interest and expertise in psychoanalytic theory and practice to the Erikson curriculum.^[2]

Personal life

Piers was born and raised in Vienna, Austria.^[3] Her parents were well known Austrian composer, performer and musicologist Karl Weigl and Elsa Pazeller Weigl, who was a vocal performer and was also very actively engaged in anti-Hitler activities in Vienna.^[4] Piers attended a Montessori kindergarten as a young child, which she has noted as an early influence that remained with her, throughout her career in child development^[5]

In Vienna, Maria met Gerhardt Piers, a friend of her cousin,^[6] who was a psychoanalyst by profession. Maria and Gerhardt married in the spring of 1938, and fled to the United States by way of Switzerland later that year, during the Nazi occupation.^[7]

Maria died at the age of 86, in 1997. She and Gerhardt, who died in 1979, are survived by a daughter, Margaret, who is a family therapist, and a son, Matthew, who is a civil rights lawyer.^[8] At the time of her death, Maria was also grandmother to four grandchildren.^[9]

Education and career

Piers received a Ph.D. from the University of Vienna in 1939. She pursued additional study at Northwestern University and at the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis.^[10] In addition to Erikson Institute, her professional history includes work with the Department of Public Welfare in Vienna, social work with the Illinois Society for Mental Health, and teaching at the Chicago Medical School, the Chicago Institute of Psychoanalysis, the University of Chicago, and Loyola University.^[11]

Through her early work as a preschool and nursery school teacher, in Vienna, Piers became interested in psychoanalytic thinking.^[12] She began her studies in psychoanalysis under Eva Rosenfeld, at Rosenfeld–Burlingham School, and there became acquainted with Erik Erikson and his work.^[13] In addition to Erik and Joan Erikson, over the span of her career Piers’ work intersected with that of many notable scholars and practitioners, including René Spitz, Konrad Lorenz, Anna Freud, Jean Piaget and Jane Goodall.^[14]

In the midst of the civil rights movement, and the context of school integration in particular, Piers began to recognize the significant gap between theoretical, psychoanalytic knowledge about child development, and the way that parents – especially poor, disadvantaged parents – were raising their children, and the idea for bringing theory and practice together, via Erikson Institute, was born.^[15]

Though she wrote widely across the field of child development, in professional and popular publications as well as for television, Piers is especially known for her work in two particular areas – the importance of play in children’s development, and the origins of and motives for infanticide.

Selected scholarly and popular publications^[16]

Books

• Growing Up With Children. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1966.
• Wages of Neglect. Co-author Robert Coles. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1969.
• Play and Development. Ed. M. W. Piers. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1972.
• Infanticide. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1978.
• The Gift of Play. Co-author Genevieve Millet Landau. New York: Walker and Company, 1980.

Articles

• "Character Formation in Youth: Adult Roles and Attitudes," Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and Counselors. Vol. 24 , No. I (Fall, 1965).
• "Child Care for Nonviolence." Co-author E. McGovern. Venture Forth (Fall, 1973).
• "Creative Play: The Highroad to Mental Health." Co-author Lorraine B. Wallach. Parents’ Magazine (June, 1975).
• "Dynamics of Early Childhood Education: A New Program." Illinois School Journals (1967).
• "Family Day Care: The Humanistic Side." Co-author Lorraine B.Wallach. Child Welfare. Vol. 52, No. 7 (July, 1973).
• "Family Finances and the Young Child." Child Study Magazine (Fall, 1975).
• "Growing Up Free of Violence." Co-author E. McGovern. Parents ' Magazine (Feb., 1974).
• “Have We Overstressed Security?" The National Parent-Teacher Bulletin (Jan., 1959).
• "The Influence of Early Experience on Marital Adjustment." Co-author E. Neisser. Hygiea (June, 1950).
• "Is She Ready for College?" Co-author E. Neisser. Hygiea(June, 1950).
• "Is This Your Darling Daughter?" Co-author E. Neisser. TheAmerican Family (April, 1950).
• "It's No Fun to be a Goody-Goody." Co-author E. Neisser Parents' Magazine (Jan., 1948).
• "Kinaermord--Ein historischer Ruckblick." Psyche. 30.Jg. Heft 5 (1976) .
• "Learning to Love." Co-author E. Neisser. Parents' Magazine(Jan., 1948).
• "Love Is a Powerful Thing." The National Parent-Teacher Bulletin(Sept., 1961).
• "The Mental Health of the Preschool Child." Mental Health Bulletin (April, 1940).
• "Play and Mastery." Reiss-Davis Clinic Bulletin (Spring, 1967).
• "Playways to Learning." Co-author Lorraine B. Wallach. Parents' Magazine (Sept., 1973).
• "Practicing Overtones." The Piano Teacher (1959).
• "Robert Coles on Erik H. Erikson." Reiss-Davis Clinic Bulletin(Spring, 1971).
• "Raising Good Sports." Co-author E. Neisser. Parents' Magazine(1949).
• "The Role of the Family in Preventing Delinquency." Marriage and Family Living (March, 1943).
• "Surplus Energy: Must It Spell Trouble?" Co-author E. Neisser.Hygiea (July, 1948).
• "Totemistic Mentation and Its Implications for Child Analysis."The Nervous Child, Vol. 5 (April, 1946).
• "What Kind of Parent Are You?" The National Parent-Teacher Bulletin (Sept., 1960).
• "What Leaders Need to Know about Blue Birds." The Camp Fire Girl (March, 1956).
• "When Children Get on Your Nerves." The National Parent-Teacher Bulletin (April, 1964).
• "When You Have Problems." The International Altrusan (194 7).
• "When Your Child Makes You Angry." Co-author E. Neisser. Parents' Magazine (May, 1948).
• "Who's Afraid." Parents' Magazine (June, 1949).
• "Zur Psychologic der Toafeindschaft." Imago. Vol. 25, No. 2 (1940).

Media contributions

• Children Growing I, Children Growing II, and About People, for National Educational Television

Awards

• Immigrant of the Year Award (with husband Gerhardt Piers), Immigrant Protective Association, 1964
• Myrtle Wreath Award, Hadassah, 1971
• Young Women’s Christian Association Leadership Award, 1972
• Operation PUSH Award for achievements in the field of education, 1975
• D.H.L., Loyola University Chicago, 1978^[17]

References

1. Stein, R. (October 26, 1983). Interview with Maria Weigl Piers (transcript). Maria Piers Papers (Box 28, Folder 28). Erikson Institute Archives, Edward Neisser Library, Chicago, IL., pp. 6 & 10
2. "Erikson’s founders". Erikson Institute. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
3. Maria W(eigl) Piers. (2003). In Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale.
4. Stein, p.30
5. Stein, pp. 6-7
6. Stein, p.2
7. Stein, p. 7-8
8. Stein, p. 34
9. Saxon, W. (May 31, 1997). "Maria Weigl Piers, 85, Authority On the Social Growth of Children". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
10. Maria W(eigl) Piers. (2003). In Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale.
11. Maria W(eigl) Piers. (2003). In Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale.
12. Stein, p.2
13. Stein, p. 2-3.
14. Stein, pp. 15-21.
15. Stein, pp. 3-4.
16. Maria Piers, Academic and Popular Writing (1979). Maria Piers Papers (Box 27, Folder 6). Erikson Institute Archives, Edward Neisser Library, Chicago , IL.
17. Maria W(eigl) Piers. (2003). In Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale.