Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu

Maria of Portugal
Duchess of Viseu
Anthonis Mor (c. 1550-1555)
Born	18 June 1521 Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
Died	10 October 1577 (aged 56) Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
Burial	Church of Our Lady of Luz, Lisbon
House	House of Aviz
Father	Manuel I of Portugal
Mother	Eleanor of Austria
Religion	Roman Catholicism

D. Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu (18 June 1521 – 10 October 1577 in Lisbon; Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐˈɾiɐ]) was an Infanta of Portugal, the only daughter of King Manuel I of Portugal and Eleanor of Austria. A noted patron of the arts, Maria's personal wealth rivaled that of the king, her brother (John III of Portugal), making her the richest woman in Portugal and one of the richest in Europe.

Biography

Maria was born on June 18, 1521 in Lisbon. In December the same year, her father died and her half-brother John III became king. Shortly afterwards, Maria's mother, the dowager queen Eleanor, returned to her brother's court in Vienna, taking Maria with her.

Francisco de Holanda; c. 1540's.

In 1530, Eleanor married King Francis I of France and moved to France. Maria would not see her mother for nearly 28 years. Meanwhile, in 1525, Eleanor's younger sister (Maria's aunt) Catherine had married Maria's half-brother John III of Portugal. At some point, Maria moved from Vienna to Lisbon. She was to live in Portugal, at the court of her half-brother and his family, for the rest of her life.

Marriage considerations

In 1537 Maria was briefly considered, along with her cousin Christina, Dowager Duchess of Milan, as a bride for Henry VIII. However, Christina was considered more suitable, and England dropped any pursuit of Maria. She was at one point considered as a second wife for her nephew and cousin (the future Philip II of Spain).^[1] [Note: her mother, Eleanor, and Philip's father, Charles V, were siblings. In addition, her father, Manuel I, was also his grandfather.] The matter was taken to serious consideration from 1549 onward, when her mother, the queen dowager Eleanor of France, settled in Brussels and started to support them. However, these plans were discontinued when Mary Tudor succeeded to the English throne in 1553 and the Emperor Charles V decided to marry his son Philip to her, and they were never resumed again.^[2]

Later life

Hieronymus Cock, c. 1554-1556.

In 1556, Eleanor (now again widowed and with no other living children) retired to Jarandilla de la Vera in Spain with her sister Mary. In 1558, both mother and daughter traveled from their respective residences to the town of Badajoz on the Luso-Hispanic border and met after a gap of 28 years. Eleanor asked the unwed Maria to come and live with her. Maria refused the request and only remained with her mother for three weeks before returning to Lisbon. Eleanor died very shortly afterwards, on her return journey to Jarandilla de la Vera from Badajoz.

Maria died unmarried and childless in Lisbon on October 10, 1577. She is buried in the Church of Nossa Senhora da Luz.

Patronage

Maria is often referred (like her mother) as a protector of the arts and writing.^[3] She sponsored several building projects, particularly in Carnide, then a village in the Lisbon countryside. There she was patron to the building of the Church of Nossa Senhora da Luz and the Hospital of Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres, which currently houses the Colégio Militar, both of which still boast large reliefs of her personal coat of arms.

In Lisbon, D. Maria sponsored the construction of the Church of Santa Engrácia, in São Vicente. The original structure she ordered to be built would be completely destroyed in 1681, which would lead to the construction of the new, and current, church, which now serves as the National Pantheon of Portugal.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Maria of Portugal, Duchess of Viseu

16. John I of Portugal (= 20)               8. Edward of Portugal                       17. Philippa of Lancaster (= 21)               4. Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu                             18. Ferdinand I of Aragon               9. Eleanor of Aragon                       19. Eleanor of Alburquerque               2. Manuel I of Portugal                                   20. John I of Portugal (= 16)               10. Infante João, Lord of Reguengos                       21. Philippa of Lancaster (= 17)               5. Infanta Beatriz of Portugal                             22. Afonso, 1st Duke of Braganza               11. Isabella of Barcelos                       23. Beatriz Pereira de Alvim               1. Infanta Maria, Duchess of Viseu                                         24. Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor               12. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor                       25. Eleanor of Portugal               6. Philip I of Castile                             26. Charles, Duke of Burgundy               13. Mary, Duchess of Burgundy                       27. Isabella of Bourbon               3. Eleanor of Austria                                   28. John II of Aragon               14. Ferdinand II of Aragon                       29. Juana Enriquez               7. Joanna I of Castile                             30. John II of Castile               15. Isabella I of Castile                       31. Isabella of Portugal

See also

• Descendants of Manuel I of Portugal

References

1. Juan de Mariana: Historia general de España, vol. XIV
2. Julia Cartwright: Christina of Denmark. Duchess of Milan and Lorraine. 1522-1590, New York, 1913
3. Paulo Pereira, Enciclopédia dos Lugares Mágicos de Portugal, volume IX