Maersk Triple E class

Triple E class container ship Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller
Class overview
Builders: Daewoo Shipbuilding
Operators: Maersk
Preceded by: Mærsk E class container ship
Planned: 20 ships ordered
General characteristics
Type: Container ship
Tonnage: 165,000 DWT
Displacement: 55,000 tonnes (empty)[1]
Length: 400 m (1,312 ft)
Beam: 59 m (194 ft)
Draft: 16 m (52 ft)
Propulsion: Twin MAN engines, 32 MW each
Capacity: 18,340 TEU
Notes: Cost $185 million[1]

The Maersk Triple E class container ships comprise a family of very large container ships (more than 18,000 TEU).

With a length of 400 m (1,312 ft), when they were built, they were the largest container ships in the world, but were subsequently surpassed by even larger ones such as CSCL Globe, MSC Zoe and MSC Oscar.[2][3]

In February and June 2011, Maersk awarded Daewoo Shipbuilding two US$1.9 billion contracts ($3.8bn total) to build twenty of the ships.

The name "Triple E" is derived from the class's three design principles: "Economy of scale, Energy efficient and Environmentally improved". These ships are expected to be not only the world's longest ships in service, but also the most efficient container ships per twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU) of cargo.

The ships are 400 metres (1,312 ft) long and 59 metres (194 ft) wide. While only 3 metres (9.8 ft) longer and 4 metres (13 ft) wider than E-class ships, the Triple E ships are able to carry 2,500 more containers. With a beam of 59 metres (194 ft), they are too wide to cross the Panama Canal, but can transit the Suez Canal.

One of the class's main design features is its dual 32-megawatt (43,000 hp) ultra-long stroke two-stroke diesel engines, driving two propellers at a design speed of 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph). Slower than its predecessors, this class uses a strategy known as slow steaming, which is expected to lower fuel consumption by 37% and carbon dioxide emissions per container by 50%. The Triple E design helped Maersk win a "Sustainable Ship Operator of the Year" award in July 2011.

Maersk plans to use the ships to service routes between Europe and Asia, projecting that Chinese exports will continue to grow. European-Asian trade represents the company's largest market; it already has 100 ships serving this route. Maersk hopes to consolidate its share of this trade with the addition of the Triple-E class ships.

Orders and history

In February 2011, Maersk announced orders for a new "Triple E" family of containerships with a capacity of 18,000 TEU, with an emphasis on lower fuel consumption.[4] They have been built by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME) in South Korea; the initial order, for ten ships, was valued at US$1.9 billion (2 trillion Korean Won);[5] Maersk had options to buy a further twenty ships.[6] In June 2011, Maersk announced that 10 more ships had been ordered for $1.9bn,[7] but an option for a third group of ten ships would not be exercised.[8] Payment of the ship is "tail-heavy": 40% while the ship is being built, and the remaining 60% paid on delivery.[9] Deliveries were scheduled to begin in 2013.[10] Maersk negotiated a two-year warranty, where the standard is one year.[1]

Prior to 2010 many Maersk containerships had been built at Maersk's Odense Steel Shipyard in Denmark, but Asian builders are now considered more competitively priced.[11] Maersk had approached several different builders in Asia, having ruled out European shipbuilders (for cost reasons) and Chinese (for technology reasons).[12][13] DSME builds three Triple-Es at a time, and it takes little more than a year to produce a ship.[1]

Investment in more-efficient ships helped Maersk win the "Sustainable Ship Operator of the Year" award from Petromedia Group's on-line publication sustainableshipping.com in July 2011.[14]

Ships

Section of a Triple E class ship, under construction
Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller docked on the Aarhus harbour (2013)
Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, passing through Suez
The Mathilde Mærsk on the river Elbe in the August 2015
Maersk Triple E class
No. Ship Yard number IMO number Delivery Status
1 Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller 4250 9619907 July 2013[15][16] in service
2 Majestic Mærsk 4251 9619919 July 2013 in service[17]
3 Mary Mærsk 4252 9619921 August 2013 in service[18]
4 Marie Mærsk 4253 9619933 September 2013 in service
5 Madison Mærsk 4254 9619945 October 2013 in service
6 Magleby Mærsk 4255 9619957 November 2013 in service
7 Maribo Mærsk 4256 9619969 January 2014 in service
8 Marstal Mærsk 4257 9619971 April 2014 in service
9 Matz Mærsk 4258 9619983 June 2014 in service
10 Mayview Mærsk 4259 9619995 June 2014 in service
11 Merete Mærsk 4262 9632064 August 2014 in service
12 Mogens Mærsk 4263 9632090 September 2014 in service
13 Morten Mærsk 4264 9632105 October 2014 in service
14 Munkebo Mærsk 4265 9632117 January 2015 in service
15 Maren Mærsk 4266 9632129 March 2015 in service
16 Margrethe Mærsk 4267 9632131 April 2015 in service
17 Marchen Mærsk 4268 9632143 May 2015 in service
18 Mette Mærsk 4269 9632155 May 2015 in service
19 Marit Mærsk 4270 9632167 June 2015 in service
20 Mathilde Mærsk 4271 9632179 June 2015 in service
Source: Equasis,[19] grosstonnage[20]

Design

The Majestic Maersk in Copenhagen in Sept 2013, shortly after entering in service. Maersk opened the ship up for public tours for 4 days. At the time this was the longest ship in service of any type.
Kayakers under the twin-skeg stern
Photo of Majestic Maersk showing the rear decks, partially populated with containers.

Propulsion

Unlike conventional single-engined container ships, the new class of ships has a twin-skeg design: It has twin diesel engines, each driving a separate propeller. Usually, a single engine is more efficient;[12] but using two propellers allows a better distribution of pressure, increasing propeller efficiency more than the disadvantage of using two engines.[21]

The engines have waste heat recovery (WHR) systems; these are also used in 20 other Mærsk vessels including the eight E-class ships. The name "Triple E class" highlights three design principles: "Economy of scale, energy efficient and environmentally improved".[22]

The twin-skeg principle also means that the engines can be lower and further back, allowing more room for cargo. Maersk requires ultra-long stroke two-stroke engines running at 80 rpm (versus 90 rpm in the E class);[23] but this requires more propeller area for the same effect, and such a combination is only possible with two propellers due to the shallow water depth of the desired route.[13][24]

A slower speed of 19 knots is targeted as the optimum, compared to the 23–26 knots of similar ships.[13] The top speed would be 25 knots, but steaming at 20 knots would reduce fuel consumption by 37%, and at 17.5 knots fuel consumption would be halved.[25] These slower speeds would add 2–6 days to journey times.[26]

The various environmental features are expected to cost $30 million per ship, of which the WHR is to cost $10 million.[12] Carbon dioxide emissions, per container, are expected to be 50% lower than emissions by typical ships on the Asia-Europe route[27] and 20% lower than Emma Maersk.[28] These are the most efficient container ships in the world, per TEU. A Cradle-to-cradle design principle was used to improve scrapping when the ships end their life.[29]

Dimensions and layout

Some of the longest ships ever built.

The ships are the world's longest currently in service.[30][31] A few larger ships have been built, but they were all oil supertankers and have now been scrapped;[31] Seawise Giant was the largest of all.[32][33]

The hull is more 'boxy' with a U-shape compared to the V-shape of Maersk's E-class; this allows more containers to be stored at lower levels, so while the Triple-E is only 3 m wider and 4 m longer, it can carry 2,500 more containers, an increase of 16%. The Triple-E can carry 23 rows of containers compared to 22 of the E-class, which makes better use of the reach of current terminal cranes.[12]

The deckhouse is relatively further forward, whilst the engines are to the rear; similar to CMA CGM's Explorer class of containerships, also built by Daewoo.[34] The forward deckhouse allows containers to be stacked higher in front of the bridge (which further increases capacity) whilst still maintaining forward visibility good enough to comply with SOLAS regulation V/22.

When the class was ordered, no port in the Americas could handle ships of their size.[35] Suitable ports include Shanghai, Ningbo, Xiamen, Qingdao, Yantian, Hong Kong, Tanjung Pelepas, Singapore and Colombo in Asia, and Rotterdam, Gothenburg, Wilhelmshaven,[36] Bremerhaven, Southampton, London Gateway, Le Havre, Felixstowe, Gdańsk, Antwerp and Algeciras in Europe. The ships will be too big for the New Panamax sized locks on the Panama Canal,[35] and their main route is expected to be Asia-Europe (through the Suez Canal).[37] The draft of the Triple-E is 14.5 m, less than the SuezMax requirement of 55.9 ft (17.0 m) at 59 m beam.[38] Handling equipment at ports was the main constraint on size, rather than the dimensions of canals or straits.[12] The container port handling speed can be 29 moves per hour in Tanger-Med,[39] or 37 in Rotterdam (215 per ship).[40]

Anchor and mooring winch systems are being supplied by TTS Marine.[41]

Specifications

Market

A computer-generated image of a ship underway

Maersk plans to use the ships on routes between Europe and Asia.[31] In 2008, there was a reduction in demand for container transport, caused by recessions in many countries. This left shipping lines in financial difficulties in 2009, with surplus capacity. Some ships were laid up or scrapped. However, there was a sudden resurgence of demand for container transport in 2010; Maersk posted its largest ever profit,[45] and orders for new ships increased, leading to fresh concerns about future overcapacity.[46] As of 2013, the market is still characterized by overcapacity, and decreasing prices for new ships. China Shipping Container Lines has ordered 5 ships with a capacity of 18,400 TEU[47] from Hyundai Heavy Industries,[48] topping the Triple E class. Delivery is to begin in late 2014.[47] United Arab Shipping Company has ordered (also from Hyundai) 5 slightly larger ships and 5 ships larger than the Maersk E Class.[48] Several other larger ships have been ordered by the industry.[49]

Slow steaming is one way of managing capacity and reducing fuel consumption; the Triple E Class is designed for slower speeds than Maersk's preceding class of large container ships. Nonetheless, this order for many big ships is a gamble, on Maersk's part, that Chinese exports will continue to grow.[31] Lack of market growth in the second half of 2012 has caused Maersk to postpone a decision on how to use the Triple-E, and although five Triple-E are expected to be delivered in 2013, they will only have an impact sometime in 2014 when 8-9 Triple-E operate.[50] Maersk already uses approximately 100 ships on the Asia-Europe route, which is their most important.[26] SeaIntel expects about 46 ships with more than 10,000 TEU each to be delivered worldwide in 2013.[51] The construction of newer, larger ships has influenced development plans at ports such as London Gateway and JadeWeserPort in Wilhelmshaven (Germany),[52] and Algeciras and Tanjung had bigger cranes installed. The maximum number of TEUs carried in one trip was 18.024 in January 2015, in Algeciras (Spain).[53]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Bennett, Drake. "Manufacturing Holy Ship", Bloomberg Businessweek. 5 September 2013. Accessed: 22 September 2013.
  2. ↑ "MSC Zoe takes bow in triple-first". Lloyds List. 3 August 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  3. ↑ "MSC Oscar becomes the world's largest boxship". Lloyds List. 11 December 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  4. ↑ "NORDIC ROUNDUP: Maersk Orders 10 Container Carriers". Wall Street Journal (subscription required). 22 February 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  5. ↑ "Daewoo says to win 2 trln won order from Maersk". Reuters. 20 February 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  6. ↑ Vidal, John (21 February 2011). "Maersk claims new 'mega containers' could cut shipping emissions". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
  7. ↑ "Maersk Line contracts additional 10 Triple-E vessels". Baird Maritime. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  8. ↑ "Maersk expects to limit Triple-E fleet to 20 vessels". Lloyd's List. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  9. ↑ Pay on delivery Dagbladet Børsen, 22 February 2011. Accessed: 14 August 2011.
  10. ↑ "Maersk Orders Up to 30 of Biggest Container Ships on Trade". Business Week. 22 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  11. ↑ "Daewoo wins $2bn Maersk order, talks on $2bn". Daily Times. 19 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Maersk orders 10 green mega-boxships The Motorship, 21 February 2011. Accessed: 22 February 2011.
  13. 1 2 3 New Mærsk Triple-E ships worlds largest and most efficient; waste heat recovery and ultra long stroke engines contribute to up to 50% reduction in CO2/container moved Dispatch Control, 21 February 2011. Accessed: 22 February 2011.
  14. ↑ "Maersk Line gewinnt Preis als Nachhaltiger Schiffsbetreiber des Jahres". Fruchtportal.de. 31 July 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  15. ↑ Alan Tovey (5 July 2013). "Maersk brings world's largest ship into service". The Telegraph. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  16. ↑ "First Triple-E Vessel 'Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller' Delivered". SeaNews Turkey. 3 July 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  17. ↑ Annie Zhu. "Majestic Maersk Makes Maiden Call at Ningbo Port" Journal of Commerce, 20 August 2013. Accessed: 22 September 2013.
  18. ↑ "Third Triple-E, the MARY MAERSK Delivered" Shipbuilding Tribune, 20 September 2013. Accessed: 22 September 2013.
  19. ↑ Equasis.org
  20. ↑ grosstonnage.com
  21. ↑ Maersk megaship with two propellers (in Danish) Ing.dk, 21 February 2011. Accessed: 22 February 2011.
  22. 1 2 "Maersk orders largest, most efficient ships ever". Maersk. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  23. ↑ "Changes of course in boxship power". The Motorship. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  24. 1 2 "Maersk orders ten 18,000 TEU Triple-E containerships". Marinelog. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  25. 1 2 "Maersk Orders 10 Triple-E Class 18,000TEU Container Ships". Maritime Propulsion. 22 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  26. 1 2 "Maersk mega ships too big for US". Copenhagen Post. 22 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  27. ↑ "Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability News: Huge Maersk Triple-E Ships Get "E" for Effort, and Expense". Environmental News Network. 23 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  28. ↑ "Mærsk revolutionerer containermarkedet". Dagbladet Børsen. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  29. ↑ "Here it comes" page 18, Maersk Post June 2013. Accessed: 22 September 2013.
  30. ↑ REVIEW OF MARITIME TRANSPORT 2011 p37, UNCTAD 2011. Accessed: 7 May 2012.
  31. 1 2 3 4 "The Danish Armada". The Economist. February 21, 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  32. ↑ Baljit Singh (11 July 1999). "The world’s biggest ship". The Tribune. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
  33. ↑ "The world's largest ship to be scrapped". Bluepulz. 5 September 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
  34. ↑ "Ship of the Day: CMA CGM CHRISTOPHE COLOMB – Characteristics and pictures of a new ship entering Rotterdam every day". 15 July 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  35. 1 2 Frank Pope. "Bigger, cleaner, slower – the new giants of the seas" Mirror&Archive The Times, February 22, 2011. Accessed: 6 December 2013.
  36. ↑ "Second Maersk Line’s Triple E-Class Vessel to Call at EUROGATE in Wilhelmshaven (Germany)". World Maritime News. 28 June 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  37. ↑ "Maersk ordert 18.000-TEU-Frachter". Thb.info. 22 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  38. ↑ "Suez Canal Authority – Rules of Navigation, table No. 4" (PDF). Suez Canal Authority. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
  39. ↑ "Maersk’s Triple E Ship Calls at Morocco’s Tanger-Med Port" Journal of Commerce, 9 September 2013. Accessed: 22 September 2013. Archived on 29 October 2013.
  40. ↑ "Maasvlakte I retrofits cranes" APM Terminals
  41. ↑ "Winch order for mega-boxships". The Motorship. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
  42. ↑ "Largest container ship will be 16% larger and 20% less CO2and 35% more fuel efficient". Next Big Future. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  43. ↑ "Maersk Line receives record boxship MAERSK MC-KINNEY MOLLER (18,270 teu)". linervision. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  44. ↑ "World's Biggest Ship: The $185M Maersk Triple-E" (Video) Bloomberg Businessweek. 5 September 2013. Accessed: 22 September 2013.
  45. ↑ "Maersk posts best profit ever". Finance News. 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  46. ↑ "Container Shipping Overview", China Shipping Report, Business Monitor International, 2011Q1, pp. 7–26 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=55432892&site=eds-live&scope=site, (registration required (help)) Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  47. 1 2 "Vessel ordering mania – why?" Container Insight Weekly, 30 June 2013. Accessed: 1 September 2013.
  48. 1 2 "UASC places US$1.4B boxship contract" World Cargo News, 30 August 2013. Accessed: 1 September 2013.
  49. ↑ Stensvold, Tore (10 April 2015). "Samsung setter ny rekord for containerskip - igjen" [Samsung sets new record - again]. Teknisk Ukeblad. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  50. ↑ KRISTIANSEN, Tomas (11 March 2013). "Søren Skou: Vi regner først med Triple-E effekt i 2014". ShippingWatch. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
  51. ↑ KRISTIANSEN, Tomas (25 February 2013). "SeaIntel: 46 nye kæmpe containerskibe indsættes i 2013". ShippingWatch. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
  52. ↑ "UK: DP World to Spend USD 2.5 Billion on London Deepwater Gateway". Dredging Today. 27 July 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  53. ↑ ""

External links

External media
Images
Construction photos. More construction photos
Diagrams & comparisons
Official media library
Triple-E at Langelinie
On board at Gdańsk
MMM sailing under the Great Belt Bridge. Another gallery
Video
Time-lapse video
MMM sailing under the Great Belt Bridge
Production video
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mærsk Triple E class ships.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller (ship, 2013).
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