Marin Temperica

Marin Temperica

The first Slavic language grammar published by Bartol Kašić in Rome in 1604, based on the request of Marin Temperica
Born December 1534
Dubrovnik, Republic of Ragusa
Died 1591 or 1598
Nationality Ragusan
Other names Marin Temparica
Occupation merchant, jesuit and linguist specialized in Serbian language

Marin Temperica or Marin Temparica (December 1534 – 1591/1598) was a 16th-century Ragusan merchant, Jesuit and linguist specialized in Serbian language.[1][2] In 1551, after receiving basic education in Dubrovnik, he moved to Ottoman Turkey and spent 24 years working as a merchant. Temperica was one of the first chaplains of the Jesuit household in Istanbul. He returned to Dubrovnik in 1575 and continued his activities in Jesuit religious congregation of the Catholic Church. He understood the importance of the Slavic language understandable all over the Balkans for easier conversion of the schismatic population of Ottoman Empire. In 1582 he wrote a report to Jesuit general Claudio Acquaviva in which he insisted on publishing the Illyrian language dictionaries and grammars. He requested establishment of a seminary in Dubrovnik in which the Catholic religion would be taught in the Shtokavian dialect. His observations and requests were the basis for the first Slavic language grammar published by Bartol Kašić in Rome in 1604 and for the modern-day Croatian language standard.

Early life

Temperica was born in December 1534 in Dubrovnik, Republic of Ragusa.[3] In his youth he received some humanist education. In 1551 he moved to Ottoman Turkey and spent next 24 years working as merchant and earning substantial wealth.[4] Temperica was one of the first chaplains of the Jesuit household in Istanbul.[5]

In 1575 Temperica returned to Dubrovnik, where he met two notable jesuits, Emericus de Bona and Julius Mancinellus.[4]

Report to Acquaviva

In 1582 Temperica wrote a report to general Claudio Acquaviva in which he emphasized the importance of the Slavic language understandable all over the Balkans.[6] Natko Nodilo explains that this report of Temperica, in which he underlines the need for publishing of the Illyrian language dictionaries and grammars, is the earliest trace of Jesuit interest in Dubrovnik.[7][8] Temperica believed that Serbian language spoken in Bosnia is the purest and most beautiful version of the Serbian language.[9] The Catholic Reformists believed that it was necessary to determine what would be the most understandable language version on the territory populated by South Slavs.[10] Temperica reported that the same language was spoken on the territory between Slovenia and Bulgaria.[11]

With his advices and activities Temperica helped Angelo Rocca to publish his 1591 Bibliotheca apostolica, in which he also published the Serbian alphabet.[12][13] Temperica wrote for Rocca the Catholic Lord's Prayer using the Cyrillic script, which he regularly refer to as "Alphabetum Servianum" and "Litterae Serbianae".[14]

Legacy

Temperica proposed the establishment of the seminary on the territory of the Dubrovnik Diocese, in which the Shtokavian dialect would be used. Temperica's ideas and initiatives were the basis of the modern Croatian language standard.[15] The result of Temperica's report to Acquaviva also includes the first Slavic language grammar published in 1604 in Rome in Latin by Bartol Kašić.[16]

References

  1. ↑ Vukčević, Ivo (2001). Rex Germanorum, Populos Sclavorum: An Inquiry Into the Origin & Early History of the Serbs/Slavs of Sarmatia, Germania & Illyria: With Maps, Illustrations, Tombstone Inscriptions, Indo-Iranian/Serb-Slav Glossary, and Extended Bibliography (Over 2000 Entries). University Center Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-9709319-6-2. According to Marin Temperica, a native of Dubrovnik, I6,h century Jesuit scholar and authority on the Serbian language:
  2. ↑ Jr., John V. A. Fine (1 January 2006). When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods. University of Michigan Press. p. 236. ISBN 0-472-02560-0.
  3. ↑ Kosić, Ivan (1999). Bartol Kašić u Nacionalnoj i Sveučilišnoj Knjižnici u Zagrebu: zbornik radova o djelu Bartola Kašića. Nacionalna i Sveučilišna Knjižnica. p. 1. ISBN 978-953-6000-79-1. dubrovački trgovac Marin Temperica (1534–1591) godine
  4. 1 2 Horvat, Vladimir (2004). Bartol Kašić--otac hrvatskoga jezikoslovlja. Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Hrvatski studiji-Studia Croatica. p. 61. ISBN 978-953-6682-49-2.
  5. ↑ Stojković, Marijan; Samardžija, Marko (2005). Hrvatske jezične i pravopisne dvojbe. Pergamena. p. 109. ISBN 978-953-6576-19-7.
  6. ↑ Franičević, Marin (1986). Izabrana djela: Povijest hrvatske renesansne književnosti. Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske. p. 190. Osnivanje Ilirskih zavoda u Loretu i Rimu, spomenica koju će Marin Temperica, pošto je stupio u isusovački red, uputiti generalu reda Aquavivi, o potrebi jedinstvenoga slavenskog jezika koji bi mogli razumjeti »po cijelom Balkanu« (1582), ...
  7. ↑ Vukcevich, Ivo (28 October 2013). Croatia 3: New Language, New Nationality, and New State. Xlibris Corporation. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-4931-0749-0.
  8. ↑ Franičević, Marin (1974). Pjesnici i stoljeća. Mladost. p. 252. Tako se dogodilo da je isusovac Marin Temperica već u XVI stoljeću pisao spomenicu o potrebi zajedničkog jezika, tražeći da se napiše rječnik i gramatika.
  9. ↑ Vukčević, Ivo (2001). Rex Germanorum, Populos Sclavorum: An Inquiry Into the Origin & Early History of the Serbs/Slavs of Sarmatia, Germania & Illyria: With Maps, Illustrations, Tombstone Inscriptions, Indo-Iranian/Serb-Slav Glossary, and Extended Bibliography (Over 2000 Entries). University Center Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-9709319-6-2. According to Marin Temperica, a native of Dubrovnik, 16th-century Jesuit scholar and authority on the Serbian language: The Serbian language spoken in Bosnia is the Serbian language in its most pure and beautiful form
  10. ↑ Filologija. Izdaje Jugoslovenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, Odjel za filologiju. 1979. p. 14.
  11. ↑ filologiju, Sveučilište u Zagrebu. Zavod za slavensku (1956). Radovi. p. 35. Dubrovčanin Marin Temperica, isusovac i bivši trgovac po balkanskim zemljama, u svojem referatu isusovačkom generalu Klaudiju Aquavivi da se od Slovenije do Bugarske govori isti jezik, i predložio da se što prije sastavi gramatika i rječnik
  12. ↑ Kolendić, Petar; Pantić, M. (1964). Iz staroga Dubrovnika. Srpska književna zadruga. p. 72. Сарадњом и савјетом помагао му је, сјем других, Дубровчанин, исусовац Марин Темперица,...
  13. ↑ Rocca, Angelo (1591). Bibliotheca apostolica vaticana a Sixto V,... in splendidiorem... locum translata et a fratre Angelo Roccha,... commentario variarum artium ac scientiarum materiis curiosis ac difficillimis, scituque dignis refertissimo illustrata... ex typogr. apostolica vaticana. p. 179.
  14. ↑ Kolendić, Petar; Pantić, M. (1964). Iz staroga Dubrovnika. Srpska književna zadruga. p. 72. па му је написао католички „оче наш" ћириловицом и исписао ћириловску азбуку, коју редовито зове „Alphabetum Serbianum" и „Litterae Serbianae"
  15. ↑ Katičić, Radoslav (1999). Na kroatističkim raskrižjima. Hrvatski studiji-Studia Croatica. p. 163. U sjemeništu kojega utemeljivanje na području dubrovačke nadbiskupije Temperica predlaže i preporučuje, učio bi se, dakako, i njegovao takav književni jezik. Iz toga je u dugotrajnu i ne uvijek ravnomjernu, niti u svemu jednako usmjerenu razvoju, potekao današnji hrvatski jezični standard.
  16. ↑ Istoricheski pregled. Bŭlgarsko istorichesko druzhestvo. 1992. p. 9. езуит Марин Темперица предава на генерала на езуитите в Рим, Клаудио Аквавива, предложение за възприемане на един език за славяните на Балканите. Плод на това искане е първата славянска граматика
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