Assassination of the monks of Tibhirine
| Martyrs of Atlas | |
|---|---|
| Died | 21 May 1996 at Tibhirine, Algeria |
| Martyred by | Armed Islamic Group or regular Algerian Army[1] |
On the night of 26–27 March 1996, seven monks from the Atlas Abbey of Tibhirine, near Médéa, in Algeria, belonging to the Roman Catholic Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (known as Trappists) were kidnapped during the Algerian Civil War. They were held for two months, and were found dead in late May 1996.
The circumstances of their kidnapping and death remain controversial; the Armed Islamic Group (Groupe Islamique Armé, GIA) claimed responsibility for both, but in 2009, retired General François Buchwalter reported that the monks had been accidentally killed by the Algerian army.[2]
Circumstances
At approximately 1:15 AM on 27 March 1996, about twenty armed members of the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) arrived at the monastery of Tibhirine and kidnapped seven monks. Two others, Father Jean-Pierre and Father Amédée, were in separate rooms and escaped the kidnappers' notice. After the kidnappers left, the remaining monks attempted to contact the police, but found that the telephone lines had been cut. As there was a curfew in force, they had to wait until morning to drive to the police station in Médéa.
On 18 April, the GIA's communique no. 43 announced that they would release the monks in exchange for Abdelhak Layada, a former GIA leader who had been arrested three years earlier. On 30 April, a tape with the voices of the kidnapped monks, recorded on 20 April, was delivered to the French Embassy in Algiers. On 23 May, the GIA's communique no. 44 reported that they had executed the monks on 21 May. The Algerian government announced that their heads had been discovered on May 31; the whereabouts of their bodies is unknown. The funeral Mass for the monks was celebrated in the Catholic Cathedral of Notre Dame d'Afrique (Our Lady of Africa) in Algiers on Sunday, 2 June 1996. They were buried in the cemetery of the monastery at Tibhirine two days later.[3]
The surviving two monks of Tibhirine left Algeria and set up in a Trappist monastery near Midelt in Morocco.[4]
The monks
All seven monks killed were French. They were: Dom Christian de Chergé, Brother Luc (born Paul Dochier), Father Christophe (Lebreton), Brother Michel (Fleury), Father Bruno (born Christian Lemarchand), Father Célestin (Ringeard), and Brother Paul (Favre-Miville).
Accusations against Algerian army
In 2008, La Stampa reported that an anonymous high-ranking Western government official, based in Algeria at the time of the murders, had told them that the kidnapping was orchestrated by a DRS-infiltrated GIA group, but the monks had been killed accidentally by an Algerian military helicopter which attacked the camp where they were being held captive.[5]
In July 2009, the retired French general François Buchwalter, who was military attache in Algeria at the time, testified to a judge that the monks had been accidentally killed by a helicopter from the Algerian government during an attack on a guerrilla position, then beheaded after their death to make it appear as though the GIA had killed them.[2][6][7]
The day after Buchwalter's statement, former GIA leader Abdelhak Layada—who was in prison when the monks were killed—responded by reiterating that the GIA had beheaded the monks after a breakdown of negotiations with the French secret service.[8]
See also
- Of Gods and Men, a 2010 film based on these events
References
- ↑ Crumley, Bruce (16 July 2009). "Could Seven Dead Monks Upset President Nicolas Sarkozy's Bold Plans To Remake France's Legal System?". Time.
- 1 2 "Algerian army accused in massacre of French monks". France 24. 7 July 2009.
- ↑ Veilleux, Armand (31 December 2002). "The death of the monks of Tibhirine: facts, questions, and hypotheses".
- ↑ Notre Dame de l'Atlas Archived June 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Pellizzari, Valerio (6 July 2008). "I monaci in Algeria uccisi dai militari" (in French). Algeria-Watch.
- ↑ "Sarkozy to release details about beheaded monks in Algeria". The Irish Times. (subscription required)
- ↑ Bensouiah, Azzeddine (8 July 2009). "Sarkozy accuse l’Algérie de mensonges" (in French). Algeria-Watch.
- ↑ "GIA executed French monks in Algeria in 1996: former chief". AFP. 9 July 2009.
External links
- "Atlas Martyrs". Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance.
Further reading
- Kiser, John W. (2002). The Monks of Tibhirine: Faith, Love, and Terror in Algeria. St. Martin's Griffin. New York. ISBN 978-0-3122-5317-2.
- Derwahl, Freddy. (2013). The Last Monk of Tibhirine: A True Story of Martyrdom, Faith, and Survival. Paraclete Press. Brewster, MA. ISBN 978-1-6126-1374-1.
- Salenson, Christian. (2012). Christian De Cherge: A Theology of Hope. Cistercian Publications. Trappist, Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8790-7247-6.
Coordinates: 36°17′44″N 2°42′56″E / 36.29556°N 2.71556°E