MATLAB

For the region in Bangladesh, see Matlab (Bangladesh).
Not to be confused with MATHLAB.
MATLAB

Vaguely L-shaped membrane logo[1]

MATLAB R2013a running on Windows 8
Developer(s) MathWorks
Initial release 1984 (1984)
Stable release R2016a / 3 March 2016 (2016-03-03)
Preview release R2015b
Development status Active
Written in C, C++, Java, MATLAB
Operating system Windows, Linux, and OS X[2]
Platform IA-32, x86-64
Type Numerical computing
License Proprietary commercial software
Website mathworks.com/products/matlab
MATLAB
Paradigm multi-paradigm: functional, imperative, procedural, object-oriented, array
Designed by Cleve Moler
Developer MathWorks
First appeared late 1970s
Stable release 9.0 (R2016a) / March 2016 (2016-03)
Preview release None [±]
Typing discipline dynamic, weak
Filename extensions .m
Website www.mathworks.com

MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. A proprietary programming language developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python.

Although MATLAB is intended primarily for numerical computing, an optional toolbox uses the MuPAD symbolic engine, allowing access to symbolic computing abilities. An additional package, Simulink, adds graphical multi-domain simulation and model-based design for dynamic and embedded systems.

In 2004, MATLAB had around one million users across industry and academia.[3] MATLAB users come from various backgrounds of engineering, science, and economics.

History

Cleve Moler, the chairman of the computer science department at the University of New Mexico, started developing MATLAB in the late 1970s.[4] He designed it to give his students access to LINPACK and EISPACK without them having to learn Fortran. It soon spread to other universities and found a strong audience within the applied mathematics community. Jack Little, an engineer, was exposed to it during a visit Moler made to Stanford University in 1983. Recognizing its commercial potential, he joined with Moler and Steve Bangert. They rewrote MATLAB in C and founded MathWorks in 1984 to continue its development. These rewritten libraries were known as JACKPAC.[5] In 2000, MATLAB was rewritten to use a newer set of libraries for matrix manipulation, LAPACK.[6]

MATLAB was first adopted by researchers and practitioners in control engineering, Little's specialty, but quickly spread to many other domains. It is now also used in education, in particular the teaching of linear algebra, numerical analysis, and is popular amongst scientists involved in image processing.[4]

Syntax

The MATLAB application is built around the MATLAB scripting language. Common usage of the MATLAB application involves using the Command Window as an interactive mathematical shell or executing text files containing MATLAB code.[7]

Variables

Variables are defined using the assignment operator, =. MATLAB is a weakly typed programming language because types are implicitly converted.[8] It is an inferred typed language because variables can be assigned without declaring their type, except if they are to be treated as symbolic objects,[9] and that their type can change. Values can come from constants, from computation involving values of other variables, or from the output of a function. For example:

>> x = 17
x =
 17

>> x = 'hat'
x =
hat

>> y = x + 0
y =
       104        97       116

>> x = [3*4, pi/2]
x =
   12.0000    1.5708

>> y = 3*sin(x)
y =
   -1.6097    3.0000

Vectors and matrices

A simple array is defined using the colon syntax: init:increment:terminator. For instance:

>> array = 1:2:9
array =
 1 3 5 7 9

defines a variable named array (or assigns a new value to an existing variable with the name array) which is an array consisting of the values 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. That is, the array starts at 1 (the init value), increments with each step from the previous value by 2 (the increment value), and stops once it reaches (or to avoid exceeding) 9 (the terminator value).

>> array = 1:3:9
array =
 1 4 7

the increment value can actually be left out of this syntax (along with one of the colons), to use a default value of 1.

>> ari = 1:5
ari =
 1 2 3 4 5

assigns to the variable named ari an array with the values 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, since the default value of 1 is used as the incrementer.

Indexing is one-based,[10] which is the usual convention for matrices in mathematics, although not for some programming languages such as C, C++, and Java.

Matrices can be defined by separating the elements of a row with blank space or comma and using a semicolon to terminate each row. The list of elements should be surrounded by square brackets: []. Parentheses: () are used to access elements and subarrays (they are also used to denote a function argument list).

>> A = [16 3 2 13; 5 10 11 8; 9 6 7 12; 4 15 14 1]
A =
 16  3  2 13
  5 10 11  8
  9  6  7 12
  4 15 14  1

>> A(2,3)
ans =
 11

Sets of indices can be specified by expressions such as "2:4", which evaluates to [2, 3, 4]. For example, a submatrix taken from rows 2 through 4 and columns 3 through 4 can be written as:

>> A(2:4,3:4)
ans =
 11 8
 7 12
 14 1

A square identity matrix of size n can be generated using the function eye, and matrices of any size with zeros or ones can be generated with the functions zeros and ones, respectively.

>> eye(3,3)
ans =
 1 0 0
 0 1 0
 0 0 1

>> zeros(2,3)
ans =
 0 0 0
 0 0 0

>> ones(2,3)
ans =
 1 1 1
 1 1 1

Most MATLAB functions can accept matrices and will apply themselves to each element. For example, mod(2*J,n) will multiply every element in "J" by 2, and then reduce each element modulo "n". MATLAB does include standard "for" and "while" loops, but (as in other similar applications such as R), using the vectorized notation often produces code that is faster to execute. This code, excerpted from the function magic.m, creates a magic square M for odd values of n (MATLAB function meshgrid is used here to generate square matrices I and J containing 1:n).

[J,I] = meshgrid(1:n);
A = mod(I + J - (n + 3) / 2, n);
B = mod(I + 2 * J - 2, n);
M = n * A + B + 1;

Structures

MATLAB has structure data types.[11] Since all variables in MATLAB are arrays, a more adequate name is "structure array", where each element of the array has the same field names. In addition, MATLAB supports dynamic field names[12] (field look-ups by name, field manipulations, etc.). Unfortunately, MATLAB JIT does not support MATLAB structures, therefore just a simple bundling of various variables into a structure will come at a cost.[13]

Functions

When creating a MATLAB function, the name of the file should match the name of the first function in the file. Valid function names begin with an alphabetic character, and can contain letters, numbers, or underscores. Functions are also often case sensitive.

Function handles

MATLAB supports elements of lambda calculus by introducing function handles,[14] or function references, which are implemented either in .m files or anonymous[15]/nested functions.[16]

Classes and object-oriented programming

MATLAB's support for object-oriented programming includes classes, inheritance, virtual dispatch, packages, pass-by-value semantics, and pass-by-reference semantics.[17] However, the syntax and calling conventions are significantly different from other languages. MATLAB has value classes and reference classes, depending on whether the class has handle as a super-class (for reference classes) or not (for value classes).[18]

Method call behavior is different between value and reference classes. For example, a call to a method

object.method();

can alter any member of object only if object is an instance of a reference class.

An example of a simple class is provided below.

classdef hello
    methods
        function greet(this)
            disp('Hello!')
        end
    end
end

When put into a file named hello.m, this can be executed with the following commands:

>> x = hello;
>> x.greet();
Hello!

Graphics and graphical user interface programming

MATLAB supports developing applications with graphical user interface (GUI) features. MATLAB includes GUIDE[19] (GUI development environment) for graphically designing GUIs.[20] It also has tightly integrated graph-plotting features. For example, the function plot can be used to produce a graph from two vectors x and y. The code:

x = 0:pi/100:2*pi;
y = sin(x);
plot(x,y)

produces the following figure of the sine function:

A MATLAB program can produce three-dimensional graphics using the functions surf, plot3 or mesh.

[X,Y] = meshgrid(-10:0.25:10,-10:0.25:10);
f = sinc(sqrt((X/pi).^2+(Y/pi).^2));
mesh(X,Y,f);
axis([-10 10 -10 10 -0.3 1])
xlabel('{\bfx}')
ylabel('{\bfy}')
zlabel('{\bfsinc} ({\bfR})')
hidden off
    
[X,Y] = meshgrid(-10:0.25:10,-10:0.25:10);
f = sinc(sqrt((X/pi).^2+(Y/pi).^2));
surf(X,Y,f);
axis([-10 10 -10 10 -0.3 1])
xlabel('{\bfx}')
ylabel('{\bfy}')
zlabel('{\bfsinc} ({\bfR})')
This code produces a wireframe 3D plot of the two-dimensional unnormalized sinc function:     This code produces a surface 3D plot of the two-dimensional unnormalized sinc function:
   

In MATLAB, graphical user interfaces can be programmed with the GUI design environment (GUIDE) tool.[21]

Interfacing with other languages

MATLAB can call functions and subroutines written in the programming languages C or Fortran.[22] A wrapper function is created allowing MATLAB data types to be passed and returned. The dynamically loadable object files created by compiling such functions are termed "MEX-files" (for MATLAB executable).[23][24] Since 2014 increasing two-way interfacing with Python is being added.[25][26]

Libraries written in Perl, Java, ActiveX or .NET can be directly called from MATLAB,[27][28] and many MATLAB libraries (for example XML or SQL support) are implemented as wrappers around Java or ActiveX libraries. Calling MATLAB from Java is more complicated, but can be done with a MATLAB toolbox[29] which is sold separately by MathWorks, or using an undocumented mechanism called JMI (Java-to-MATLAB Interface),[30][31] (which should not be confused with the unrelated Java Metadata Interface that is also called JMI).

As alternatives to the MuPAD based Symbolic Math Toolbox available from MathWorks, MATLAB can be connected to Maple or Mathematica.[32][33]

Libraries also exist to import and export MathML.[34]

License

MATLAB is a proprietary product of MathWorks, so users are subject to vendor lock-in.[3][35] Although MATLAB Builder products can deploy MATLAB functions as library files which can be used with .NET[36] or Java[37] application building environment, future development will still be tied to the MATLAB language.

Each toolbox is purchased separately. If an evaluation license is requested, the MathWorks sales department requires detailed information about the project for which MATLAB is to be evaluated. If granted (which it often is), the evaluation license is valid for two to four weeks. A student version of MATLAB is available as is a home-use license for MATLAB, Simulink, and a subset of Mathwork's Toolboxes at substantially reduced prices.

It has been reported that European Union (EU) competition regulators are investigating whether MathWorks refused to sell licenses to a competitor.[38] The regulators dropped the investigation after the complainant withdrew their accusation and no evidence of wrongdoing was found.[39]

Alternatives

MATLAB has a number of competitors.[40] Commercial competitors include Mathematica, TK Solver, Maple, and IDL. There are also free open source alternatives to MATLAB, in particular GNU Octave, Scilab, FreeMat, Julia, and Sage which are intended to be mostly compatible with the MATLAB language. Among other languages that treat arrays as basic entities (array programming languages) are APL, Fortran 90 and higher, S-Lang, as well as the statistical languages R and S. There are also libraries to add similar functionality to existing languages, such as IT++ for C++, Perl Data Language for Perl, ILNumerics for .NET, NumPy/SciPy/matplotlib for Python, SciLua/Torch for Lua, SciRuby for Ruby, and Numeric.js for JavaScript.

GNU Octave is unique from other alternatives because it treats incompatibility with MATLAB as a bug (see MATLAB Compatibility of GNU Octave). Therefore, GNU Octave attempts to provide a software clone of MATLAB.

Release history

Version[41] Release name Number Bundled JVM Year Release date Notes
MATLAB 1.0 1984
MATLAB 2 1986
MATLAB 3 1987
MATLAB 3.5 1990 Ran on DOS but needed at least a 386 processor; version 3.5m needed math coprocessor
MATLAB 4 1992
MATLAB 4.2c 1994 Ran on Windows 3.1x, needed a math coprocessor
MATLAB 5.0 Volume 8 1996 December, 1996 Unified releases across all platforms
MATLAB 5.1 Volume 9 1997 May, 1997
MATLAB 5.1.1 R9.1
MATLAB 5.2 R10 1998 March, 1998
MATLAB 5.2.1 R10.1
MATLAB 5.3 R11 1999 January, 1999
MATLAB 5.3.1 R11.1 November, 1999
MATLAB 6.0 R12 12 1.1.8 2000 November, 2000 First release with bundled Java virtual machine (JVM)
MATLAB 6.1 R12.1 1.3.0 2001 June, 2001
MATLAB 6.5 R13 13 1.3.1 2002 July, 2002
MATLAB 6.5.1 R13SP1 2003
MATLAB 6.5.2 R13SP2 Last release for IBM/AIX, Alpha/TRU64, and SGI/IRIX[42]
MATLAB 7 R14 14 1.4.2 2004 June, 2004 Introduced anonymous and nested functions[43]
MATLAB 7.0.1 R14SP1 October, 2004
MATLAB 7.0.4 R14SP2 1.5.0 2005 March 7, 2005 Support for memory-mapped files[44]
MATLAB 7.1 R14SP3 1.5.0 September 1, 2005
MATLAB 7.2 R2006a 15 1.5.0 2006 March 1, 2006
MATLAB 7.3 R2006b 16 1.5.0 September 1, 2006 HDF5-based MAT-file support
MATLAB 7.4 R2007a 17 1.5.0_07 2007 March 1, 2007 New bsxfun function to apply element-by-element binary operation with singleton expansion enabled[45]
MATLAB 7.5 R2007b 18 1.6.0 September 1, 2007 Last release for Windows 2000 and PowerPC Mac; License Server support for Windows Vista;[46] new internal format for P-code
MATLAB 7.6 R2008a 19 1.6.0 2008 March 1, 2008 Major enhancements to object-oriented programming abilities with a new class definition syntax,[47] and ability to manage namespaces with packages[48]
MATLAB 7.7 R2008b 20 1.6.0_04 October 9, 2008 New Map data structure:[49] upgrades to random number generators[50]
MATLAB 7.8 R2009a 21 1.6.0_04 2009 March 6, 2009 First release for Microsoft 32-bit & 64-bit Windows 7, new external interface to .NET Framework[51]
MATLAB 7.9 R2009b 22 1.6.0_12 September 4, 2009 First release for Intel 64-bit Mac, and last for Solaris SPARC; new use for the tilde operator (~) to ignore arguments in function calls[52][53]
MATLAB 7.9.1 R2009bSP1 1.6.0_12 2010 April 1, 2010 bug fixes.
MATLAB 7.10 R2010a 23 1.6.0_12 March 5, 2010 Last release for Intel 32-bit Mac
MATLAB 7.11 R2010b 24 1.6.0_17 September 3, 2010 Add support for enumerations[54]
MATLAB 7.11.1 R2010bSP1 1.6.0_17 2011 March 17, 2011 bug fixes and updates
MATLAB 7.11.2 R2010bSP2 1.6.0_17 April 5, 2012[55] bug fixes
MATLAB 7.12 R2011a 25 1.6.0_17 April 8, 2011 New rng function to control random number generation[56][57][58]
MATLAB 7.13 R2011b 26 1.6.0_17 September 1, 2011 Access-change parts of variables directly in MAT-files, without loading into memory;[59] increased maximum local workers with Parallel Computing Toolbox from 8 to 12[60]
MATLAB 7.14 R2012a 27 1.6.0_17 2012 March 1, 2012
MATLAB 8 R2012b 28 1.6.0_17 September 11, 2012 First release with Toolstrip interface;[61] MATLAB Apps.[62] redesigned documentation system
MATLAB 8.1 R2013a 29 1.6.0_17 2013 March 7, 2013 New unit testing framework[63]
MATLAB 8.2 R2013b 30 1.7.0_11 September 6, 2013[64] New table data type[65]
MATLAB 8.3 R2014a 31 1.7.0_11 2014 March 7, 2014[66] Simplified compiler setup for building MEX-files; USB Webcams support in core MATLAB; number of local workers no longer limited to 12 with Parallel Computing Toolbox
MATLAB 8.4 R2014b 32 1.7.0_11 October 3, 2014 New class-based graphics engine (a.k.a. HG2);[67] tabbing function in GUI;[68] improved user toolbox packaging and help files;[69] new objects for time-date manipulations;[70] Git-Subversion integration in IDE;[71] big data abilities with MapReduce (scalable to Hadoop);[72] new py package for using Python from inside MATLAB, new engine interface to call MATLAB from Python;[73][74] several new and improved functions: webread (RESTful web services with JSON/XML support), tcpclient (socket-based connections), histcounts, histogram, animatedline, and others
MATLAB 8.5 R2015a 33 1.7.0_60 2015 March 5, 2015
MATLAB 8.6 R2015b 34 1.7.0_60 September 3, 2015
MATLAB 9.0 R2016a 35 1.7.0_60 2016 March 3, 2016

The number (or release number) is the version reported by Concurrent License Manager program FLEXlm.

For a complete list of changes of both MATLAB and official toolboxes, consult the MATLAB release notes.[75]

File extensions

MATLAB

.fig 
MATLAB figure
.m 
MATLAB code (function, script, or class)
.mat 
MATLAB data (binary file for storing variables)
.mex... (.mexw32, .mexw64, .mexglx, ...) 
MATLAB executable MEX-files[76] (platform specific, e.g. ".mexmac" for the Mac, ".mexglx" for Linux, etc.[77])
.p 
MATLAB content-obscured .m file (P-code[78])
.mlappinstall 
MATLAB packaged App Installer[79]
.mlpkginstall
support package installer (add-on for third-party hardware)[80]
.mltx
packaged custom toolbox[81]
.prj
project file used by various solutions (packaged app/toolbox projects, MATLAB Compiler/Coder projects, Simulink projects)
.rpt
report setup file created by MATLAB Report Generator[82]

Simulink

.mdl 
Simulink Model
.mdlp 
Simulink Protected Model
.slx 
Simulink Model (SLX format)
.slxp 
Simulink Protected Model (SLX format)

Simscape

.ssc 
Simscape[83] Model

MuPAD

.mn 
MuPAD Notebook
.mu 
MuPAD Code
.xvc, .xvz 
MuPAD Graphics

Third-party

.jkt 
GPU Cache file generated by Jacket for MATLAB (AccelerEyes)
.mum 
MATLAB CAPE-OPEN Unit Operation Model File (AmsterCHEM)

Easter eggs

Screen capture of two easter eggs in MATLAB 3.5.

Several easter eggs exist in MATLAB.[84] These include hidden pictures,[85] and jokes. For example, typing in "spy" will generate a picture of the spies from Spy vs Spy. "Spy" was changed to an image of a dog in recent releases (R2011B). Typing in "why" randomly outputs a philosophical answer. Other commands include "penny", "toilet", "image", and "life". Not every Easter egg appears in every version of MATLAB.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "The L-Shaped Membrane". MathWorks. 2003. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  2. ↑ "System Requirements and Platform Availability". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  3. 1 2 Goering, Richard (4 October 2004). "Matlab edges closer to electronic design automation world". EE Times.
  4. 1 2 Cleve Moler (December 2004). "The Origins of MATLAB". Retrieved 15 April 2007.
  5. ↑ "MATLAB Programming Language". Altius Directory. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
  6. ↑ Moler, Cleve (January 2000). "MATLAB Incorporates LAPACK". Cleve's Corner. MathWorks. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
  7. ↑ "MATLAB Documentation". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  8. ↑ "Comparing MATLAB with Other OO Languages". MATLAB. MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  9. ↑ "Create Symbolic Variables and Expressions". Symbolic Math Toolbox. MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  10. ↑ "Matrix Indexing". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  11. ↑ "Structures". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  12. ↑ "Generate Field Names from Variables". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  13. ↑ Considering Performance in Object-Oriented MATLAB Code, Loren Shure, MATLAB Central, 26 March 2012: "function calls on structs, cells, and function handles will not benefit from JIT optimization of the function call and can be many times slower than function calls on purely numeric arguments"
  14. ↑ "Function Handles". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  15. ↑ "Anonymous Functions". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  16. ↑ "Nested Functions". MathWorks.
  17. ↑ "Object-Oriented Programming". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  18. ↑ "Comparing Handle and Value Classes". MathWorks.
  19. ↑ "Create a Simple GUIDE GUI". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  20. ↑ "MATLAB GUI". MathWorks. 30 April 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  21. ↑ Smith, S. T. (2006). MATLAB: Advanced GUI Development. Dog Ear Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59858-181-2.
  22. ↑ "Application Programming Interfaces to MATLAB". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  23. ↑ "Create MEX-Files". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  24. ↑ Spielman, Dan (10 February 2004). "Connecting C and Matlab". Yale University, Computer Science Department. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  25. ↑ "MATLAB Engine for Python". MathWorks. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
  26. ↑ "Call Python Libraries". MathWorks. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
  27. ↑ "External Programming Language Interfaces". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  28. ↑ "Call Perl script using appropriate operating system executable". MathWorks. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  29. ↑ "MATLAB Builder JA". MathWorks. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  30. ↑ Altman, Yair (14 April 2010). "Java-to-Matlab Interface". Undocumented Matlab. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  31. ↑ Kaplan, Joshua. "matlabcontrol JMI".
  32. ↑ Germundsson, Roger (30 September 1998). "MaMa: Calling MATLAB from Mathematica with MathLink". Wolfram Research. Wolfram Library Archive.
  33. ↑ rsmenon; szhorvat (2013). "MATLink: Communicate with MATLAB from Mathematica". Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  34. ↑ Weitzel, Michael (1 September 2006). "MathML import/export". MathWorks - File Exchange. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  35. ↑ Stafford, Jan (21 May 2003). "The Wrong Choice: Locked in by license restrictions". SearchOpenSource.com. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  36. ↑ "MATLAB Builder NE". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  37. ↑ "MATLAB Builder JA". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  38. ↑ "MathWorks Software Licenses Probed by EU Antitrust Regulators". Bloomberg news. 1 March 2012.
  39. ↑ "EU regulators scrap antitrust case against MathWorks". Reuters. 2 Sep 2014.
  40. ↑ Steinhaus, Stefan (24 February 2008). "Comparison of mathematical programs for data analysis".
  41. ↑ Moler, Cleve (January 2006). "The Growth of MATLAB and The MathWorks over Two Decades". News & Notes Newsletter. MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  42. ↑ "MATLAB System Requirements - Release 13". MathWorks. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  43. ↑ "Dynamic Function Creation with Anonymous and Nested Functions". MathWorks. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
  44. ↑ "Memory Mapping". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  45. ↑ "MATLAB bsxfun". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  46. ↑ "Do MATLAB versions prior to R2007a run under Windows Vista?". MathWorks. 3 September 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
  47. ↑ "OOP Compatibility with Previous Versions". MathWorks. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
  48. ↑ "Packages Create Namespaces". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  49. ↑ "Map Containers". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  50. ↑ "Creating and Controlling a Random Number Stream". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  51. ↑ "New MATLAB External Interfacing Features in R2009a". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  52. ↑ "Ignore Function Outputs". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  53. ↑ "Ignore Function Inputs". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  54. ↑ "Working with Enumerations". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  55. ↑ "What's New in Release 2010b". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  56. ↑ "New RNG Function for Controlling Random Number Generation in Release 2011a". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  57. ↑ "MATLAB rng". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  58. ↑ "Replace Discouraged Syntaxes of rand and randn". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  59. ↑ "MATLAB matfile". MathWorks. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  60. ↑ "MATLAB max workers". Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  61. ↑ Shure, Loren (September 2012). "The MATLAB R2012b Desktop – Part 1: Introduction to the Toolstrip".
  62. ↑ "MATLAB Apps". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  63. ↑ "MATLAB Unit Testing Framework". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  64. ↑ "MathWorks Announces Release 2013b of the MATLAB and Simulink Product Families". MathWorks. September 2013.
  65. ↑ "MATLAB Tables". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  66. ↑ "MathWorks Announces Release 2014a of the MATLAB and Simulink Product Families". MathWorks. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  67. ↑ "Graphics Changes in R2014b". MathWorks. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  68. ↑ "uitab: Create tabbed panel". MathWorks. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  69. ↑ "Create and Share Toolboxes". MathWorks. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  70. ↑ "Dates and Time". MathWorks. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  71. ↑ "Source Control Integration". MathWorks. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  72. ↑ "MATLAB MapReduce and Hadoop". MathWorks. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  73. ↑ "Call Python Libraries". MathWorks. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  74. ↑ "MATLAB Engine for Python". MathWorks. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  75. ↑ "MATLAB Release Notes". MathWorks. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  76. ↑ "Introducing MEX-Files". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  77. ↑ "Binary MEX-File Extensions". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  78. ↑ "Protect Your Source Code". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  79. ↑ "MATLAB App Installer File". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  80. ↑ "Support Package Installation". MathWorks. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  81. ↑ "Manage Toolboxes". MathWorks. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  82. ↑ "MATLAB Report Generator". MathWorks. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  83. ↑ "Simscape". MathWorks. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  84. ↑ "What MATLAB Easter eggs do you know?". MathWorks - MATLAB Answers. 25 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  85. ↑ Eddins, Steve (17 October 2006). "The Story Behind the MATLAB Default Image". Retrieved 14 August 2013.

References

  • Gilat, Amos (2004). MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-69420-5. 
  • Quarteroni, Alfio; Saleri, Fausto (2006). Scientific Computing with MATLAB and Octave. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-32612-0. 
  • Ferreira, A.J.M. (2009). MATLAB Codes for Finite Element Analysis. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-9199-5. 
  • Lynch, Stephen (2004). Dynamical Systems with Applications using MATLAB. Birkhäuser. ISBN 978-0-8176-4321-8. 

External links

Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: MATLAB Programming
Wikimedia Commons has media related to MATLAB.
Wikiversity has learning materials about MATLAB essential


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