Max Dvořák

Max Dvorak

Max Dvořák. Photo by Anton Kolm.

Max Dvořák. Photo by Anton Kolm.
Born 4 June 1874 (1874-06-04)
Roudnice nad Labem, Bohemia
Died 8 February 1921 (1921-02-09) (aged 46)
Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou, Czechoslovakia
Occupation Austrian art historian

Max Dvořák (4 June 1874, Roudnice nad Labem, Bohemia – 8 February 1921, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou, Czechoslovakia) was a Czech-born Austrian art historian. He was a professor of art history at the University of Vienna and a famous member of the Vienna School of Art History, employing a "Geistesgeschichte" methodology.

Life and work

Dvořák was the son of a Bohemian archivist and librarian. He studied at the universities of Prague and Vienna. In 1897, he completed a PhD thesis in history at the Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, Vienna. Being impressed by the teaching of art historian Franz Wickhoff, he focused his attention to art history and wrote his Habilitationsschrift on Bohemian thirteenth- and fourteenth-century manuscript illumination by Johannes von Neumarkt (1901). In 1902 he was appointed lecturer in art history at the University of Vienna. After Alois Riegl's death in 1905, he became, with the help of Julius von Schlosser, curator of public monuments in Austria. In 1909, he was appointed full professor of art history at the University of Vienna, which caused some problems among the nationalists of the art faculty because of Dvořák's Czech origin. Therefore, Josef Strzygowski set up his own, competing art history institute, known as the "Wiener Institut", within the same University, resulting in Dvořák and Strzygowski teaching from two different art history "centers".[1][2][3]

Dvořák was one of the main representatives of the Vienna School of Art History, his most important publication being on the concept of art history as a history of ideas (Kunstgeschichte als Geistesgeschichte). In 1905, he succeeded Riegl as general curator of the Imperial Central Commission for the study and conservation of art and historical monuments, today Bundesdenkmalamt. He helped save many Austrian art treasures for post-World War I war reparation. He also continued the publication of the Kunstgeschichtliches Jahrbuch der Zentralkommission für die Erhaltung der Kunst- und historischen Denkmale, and in 1907, he established an inventory of Austrian and Hungarian monuments, called Österreichische Kunsttopographie. Also in 1907, he created the first complete catalogue of The Lobkowicz Collections. In 1916 he published his standard work, Katechismus der Denkmalpflege, in which he was able to raise a broad understanding for the concerns of monument protection.

Dvořák died from a stroke during a visit to his friend Count Khuen von Belasi at castle Emin Hrušovany in South Moravia. He left a widow and two children.[4] He was buried in Grusbach cemetery in an honorary grave.[5]

Dvořák influenced several art historians, among them Frederick Antal, Otto Benesch, Dagobert Frey, Guido Kaschnitz von Weinberg, Emil Kaufmann, Ludwig Münz, Karl Maria Swoboda, Hans Tietze and Lionello Venturi. His archives are housed at the University of Vienna. According to Matthew Rampley, "In many respects his writing acts as a barometer of many of the tensions of the early twentieth century intellectual life", casting "important light on the socio-cultural situation that produced art historical discourses in the early decades of the twentieth century."[6]

In 1921, fellow Austrian Adolf Loos completed a mausoleum project in Dvořák's name.[7]

Select publications

Further reading

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Department of Art History » History of the Department". Kunstgeschichte.univie.ac.at. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  2. ↑ Ernst Hans Gombrich, Topics of Our Time: Twentieth-century Issues in Learning and in Art. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991, p. 14.
  3. ↑ Eva Frodl-Kraft, "Eine Aporie und der Versuch ihrer Deutung: Josef Strzygowski, Julius von Schlosser." Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte, Vol. 42 (1989), pp. 7-52.
  4. ↑ "Kleine Chronik: ... Verbleiben des Kunsthistorikers Professor Dvorak in Wien", Neue Freie Presse: Morgenblatt, No. 20277, 9 February 1921, p. 5.
  5. ↑ Hugo Rokyta, Die böhmischen Länder: Handbuch der Denkmäler und Gedenkstätten europäischer Kulturbeziehungen in den Böhmischen Ländern. Volume on Mähren und Schlesien. 2nd edition, Prague: Vitalis-Buchverlag, 1997, p. 46.
  6. ↑ Matthew Rampley, "Max Dvorák: Art History and the Crisis of Modernity." Art History, Vol. 26, no. 2 (April 2003), 214-237.
  7. ↑ Tournikiotis, P. (1994). Adolf Loos. Princeton Architectural Press. p. 19. ISBN 9781878271808. Retrieved 2015-01-07.

External links

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