Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan
| Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan | |
|---|---|
 Poster of the MKSS |
The Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (Association for the Empowerment of Workers and Peasants) is an Indian social movement and grassroots organisation best known for its successful struggle and demand for the Right to Information Act (RTI) which grew out of the demand for minimum wages for workers.[1] It is one of the forefront civil rights movements in India, and can cite legislation of the RTI as its major achievement.
In 1987, Aruna Roy along with Nikhil Dey, Shankar Singh and others founded the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan.The MKSS began by attempting to understand root causes and reasons for the non-payment of wages to workers employed by the government on works under departments including the public works department. In the search for these reasons, the MKSS found that any information they asked for was denied to them.
Forty Day Sit-In Protest
On April 6th 1996, the MKSS announced a strike in the town of Beawar in Ajmer, Rajasthan.[2]After a series of public hearings exposed systemic corruption across Rajasthan, and the reneging of the promise of the Right to Information given by the then Chief Minister of Rajsthan, in, the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan began a historic forty day long dharna (sit in protest) to demand the Right to Information.
Protestors came from across rural Rajasthan to the city of Beawar. The novelty of this protest was the demand for information by the poor instead of expected basic needs like food and shelter. During the protest, a memorandum was given to the sub-divisional officer at Beawar that demanded local expenditure records.[3]
The protest began with support from over one hundred and fifty villages. It was supported by donations of grain from these villages and individuals in Beawar. Almost forty-six thousand rupees were donated to keep the protest going. Nearby vegetable vendors donated to the protestors providing them with food and water.[4] Doctors offered their services.
Local people joined in and walked with the rural protestors. The people of Beawar embraced the protest and began to make it their own. The protest was marked by cultural expression including song, theatre and puppetry. Local cultural groups joined in. These included a group of devotional singers (Bhajan Mandali) who would sing parodies of devotional songs in support of the demands of the protestors. Bagpipers and local poets also joined in. Local cadres of trade unions also lent their support.[5]
As the protest gained momentum, people began to visit Beawar from across the country to see the extraordinary happenings that were taking place in this small city in Rajasthan. Journalists, lawmakers, and artists, amongst many others came to the city of Beawar. Senior journalists who visited included Nikhil Chakravartty, Kuldip Nayar, and Prabhash Joshi. Prabhash Joshi wrote a historic editorial in the Jansatta newspaper entitled "Hum Jaanenge, Hum Jiyenge" (We will know, we will live). This title became a slogan of the RTI movement in India and was modified to say "the right to know is the right to live".[6]
The agitation in Beawar was one of the longest continuous protests of the RTI movement and it had a huge impact on the formation of the law and the campaign. In 1996, after the dharna ended, the National Campaign for the People's Right to Information was launched.
Remembering the Protest
In April 2015, the Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan returned to Chang gate, the site of the forty day long protest to commemorate entering the tenth year of remembering the protest. [7]
A street exhibition entitled "Beawar ka Junoon bana desh ka kanoon" (Beawar's determination became the nation's law) with archival photos, posters and newspaper articles was set up. Old protest songs were sung as many citizens of Beawar who had been part of the protests remembered the struggle. A museum with archival material to remember the city that gave birth to the RTI movement is being planned at Bewar.[8]
Jan Sunwaii (Public Hearings)
One of the most important innovations of the MKSS was the method of Jan Sunwais or Public Hearings where detailed documents derived from official expenditure records were read aloud to the people of the villages who gathered. Jan Sunwais are organised independent of the government but government officials are invited to attend. In the form of a hearing, people are invited to give their testimonies which often reveal differences between official records and people's experiences.[9] Before the existence of the RTI Act, it was very difficult to access official records and not many Jan Sunwais could be organised.[9]
References
- ↑ Mohan, Shriya (3 October 2009). "Seekers, Finders, Keepers". Tehelka. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
- ↑ Roy, Bunker (11 May 1996). "Right to Information: Profile of a Grass Roots Struggle". Economic and Political Weekly 31 (19): 1120–1121.
- ↑ Roy, Aruna; Dey, Nikhil (2002). "development dialogue". right2info.org. Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, Uppsala. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ↑ Roy, Aruna; Dey, Nikhil; Singh, Shankar (January 1997). "India Seminar". India Seminar. Seminar. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ↑ Mishra, Neelabh (2003). "People’s Right to Information Movement: Lessons from Rajasthan" (PDF). UNDP. UNDP. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ↑ "Prabhash Joshi and the RTI Movement - Mainstream Weekly". mainstreamweekly.net. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ↑ "20 Years of the Right to Information Movement". Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- ↑ "Beawar: The town that gave us the Right to Information". www.dailyo.in. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
- 1 2 Jenkins, Rob; Anne Marie Goetz (June 1999). "Accounts and Accountability: Theoretical Implications of the Right-to-Information Movement in India". Third World Quarterly. The New Politics of Corruption 20 (3): 604. doi:10.1080/01436599913712.