Meir ben Samuel

Meïr ben Samuel (מאיר בן שמואל), also known by the Hebrew acronym RaM for Rabbi Meir, was a French rabbi and tosafist, who was born in about 1060 in Ramerupt, and died after 1135. His father was an eminent scholar. Meïr received his education in the Talmudical schools of Lorraine, his principal teachers being Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi and Eleazar ben Isaac of Mainz,^[1] with whom he later carried on a correspondence.^[2]

Meïr married Rashi's second daughter, Jochebed, by whom he had three sons, Samuel ben Meïr (RaSHBaM), Isaac ben Meïr (RIBaM), and Jacob ben Meïr (Rabbenu Tam),^[3] all of them well-known scholars. According to Gross, Meïr had also a fourth son, Solomon. Simhah ben Samuel of Vitry's son Samuel, father of the tosafist Isaac the Elder, was Meïr's son-in-law. Meïr's son Isaac, the often-quoted tosafist, died in the prime of life, leaving seven children.^[4] This loss distressed the father to such an extent that he felt indisposed to answer a halakic question addressed to him by his friend Eleazar ben Nathan of Mainz.^[4]

Meïr attained a very great age, and is sometimes designated as "the old" (ha-yashish).^[5] From the fact that his grandson, Isaac ben Samuel, born about 1120, speaks of religious customs which he found conspicuous in his grandfather's house, and from other indications, it has been concluded that Meïr was still alive in 1135.

Meïr was one of the founders of the school of tosafists in northern France. Not only his son and pupil Rabbenu Tam,^[6] but also the tosafot^[7] quote his ritual decisions. It was Meïr ben Samuel who changed the text of the Kol Nidre formula.^[8] A running commentary on a whole passage of the Gemara,^[9] written by him and his son Samuel in the manner of Rashi's commentary, is printed at the end of the first chapter of Menachot. Meïr composed also a seliḥah beginning "Abo lefaneka," which has been translated into German by Zunz,^[10] but which has no considerable poetic value.^[11]

Footnotes

1. Pardes, ed. Constantinople, p. 33a; comp. Neubauer in Monatsschrift, 1887, p. 503
2. Or Zarua' , ii. 75b; Sefer ha-'Ittur, ed. Lemberg, i. 52
3. Conforte, Ḳore ha-Dorot, ed. Cassel, p. 14a
4. See Rabbenu Tam, Sefer ha-Yashar, ed. Vienna, No. 616, p. 72b; ed. Rosenthal, No. 41, p. 71
5. ib.; Sefer Seder ha-Ḳabbalah, in Neubauer, M. J. C. p. 184; Eliezer b. Nathan, p. 148a
6. Sefer ha-Yashar, ed. Vienna, No. 252, p. 27a
7. Tos. Ket. 103b; Tos. Ḳid. 15b, 59a; Tos. Men. 100a
8. see Sefer ha-Yashar, ed. Vienna, No. 144, p. 17a
9. Men. 12a et seq.
10. Zunz, Synagogale Poesie, p. 183
11. Zunz, Literaturgesch. p. 254; Landshuth, 'Ammude ha-'Abodah, p. 168

Sources

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Richard Gottheil and Max Schloessinger (1901–1906). "Meir ben Samuel". In Singer, Isidore; et al. Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company. Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography: Chaim Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, ed. Wilna, i. 118, No. 11; Heinrich Grätz, Gesch. vi. 68-144; Henri Gross, Gallia Judaica, pp. 304, 542, 635; D. Rosin, Samuel ben Meïr als Schrifterklärer, in Jahresbericht des Jüdisch-Theologischen Seminars, pp. 3 et seq., Breslau, 1880; Isaac Hirsch Weiss, Dor, iv. 336; Isaac Hirsch Weiss, Sefer Toledot Gedole Yisrael (Toledot R. Ya'aḳob ben Meïr), p. 4, Vienna, 1883; Leopold Zunz, Z. G. p. 31;