Melton Prior

Melton Prior
Melton Prior
Born	12 September 1845 Camden Town, London, England
Died	2 November 1910 (aged 65) London, England
Nationality	British
Ethnicity	English
Occupation	war correspondent
Years active	1873–1905

Melton Prior (12 September 1845 – 2 November 1910), was an English artist and war correspondent^[1] for The Illustrated London News from the early 1870s until 1904. Prior was one of the leading illustrators of late Victorian Britain, noted for his ability to quickly sketch scenes. His pencil sketches were sent back to London where they were re-drawn by studio artists and engraved on wood-blocks for printing in the Saturday issues of the Illustrated London News. In addition to covering conflicts around the world, he also traveled on a number of Royal tours including accompanying the Prince of Wales^[2] to Canada in 1901.

Prior was one of two major artists employed by the Illustrated London News, with the other being William Simpson (1823-1899).

Life

Illustration of the Battle of Majuba Hill for the Illustrated London News (1881)

Prior was born in Camden Town, London, and studied under his father, William Henry Prior (1812–1882), a landscape artist, painter and illustrator. In 1873, he was contracted by the Illustrated London News to travel to West Africa to cover the Ashanti War. This was followed by covering the fighting against the Carlists in Spain before heading to eastern Europe where Prior sketched the events in Herzegovina and the Russo-Turkish War.

South Africa, 1879–1881

In 1879, Prior traveled to Durban to report on the Zulu War which had just broken out. While he missed the events at Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, he did witness subsequent actions including the final Battle of Ulundi He was also with the group who discovered the body of the Prince Imperial. Although Boer farmers had assisted the British in the war against the Zulus, they resented the encroachment by English farmers and industrialists on their lands, and sought the independence of the Transvaal and Orange Free State. Following the breakdown of negotiations, hostilities broke out, and Prior witnessed the aftermath of the British disaster at Majuba Hill.

North Africa, 1882–1885

The following year, Prior found himself offshore on a Royal Navy ship during the bombardment of Alexandria. Later, he accompanied the British forces under General Sir Garnet Wolseley on the expedition down the Nile which culminated with the destruction of the Egyptian Army at Tel-el-Kebir on 13 September 1882. In 1884-85, he accompanied the relief expedition for General Charles Gordon and was present at the Battle of Abu Klea in the Sudan.

South Africa, 1896–1902

Following the events in Sudan, Prior was sent to the Far East to cover the operations in Burma. The mid-1890s found him back in South Africa, covering the failed Jameson Raid, the Matabele uprising and the subsequent Boer War, although he also covered the campaign in the Tirah on the North-West Frontier of British India in 1897. During the fighting against the Boers, Prior found himself besieged at Ladysmith.

Final years

Prior's last campaigns were the Somaliland Expedition of 1903, and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. He died in London on 2 November 1910. His body was buried at Hither Green Cemetery. A monument to Melton Prior with a bas-relief portrait exists within the crypt at St Paul's Cathedral in London.^[3]

Works by

• Prior, Melton. (1912). Campaigns of a War Correspondent. London: Edward Arnold.

References

1. "Prior, Melton". Who's Who. Vol. 59. 1907. pp. 1434–1435.
2. Technically speaking, Prior accompanied the Duke of Cornwall, who was created Prince of Wales on 9 November 1901; the trip to Canada began in Quebec on 16 September with departure from St. John's, Newfoundland, anchor in Solent on 31 October and return to London on 2 November. See RMS Ophir.
3. The Courtauld Institute

• Carruthers, Jane. (1987). Melton Prior. War Artist in Southern Africa 1895 to 1900. Houghton: The Brenthurst Press.
• Gibson, Frank W. (1912). "Prior, Melton". In Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement​ 3. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 136.
• Harrington, Peter. (1993). British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700-1914. London: Greenhill.
• Hodgson, Pat. The War Illustrators. Reading: Osprey.
• Stearn, Roger T. "Prior, Melton". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35616. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

External links

• Melton Prior (brighton & Hove museums)
• photo on Brown University website
• Obituary in NY Times

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