Merle Miller

Merle Dale Miller[1] (May 17, 1919 – June 10, 1986) was an American writer, novelist, and best-selling author who came out of the closet in an article in the New York Times Magazine on January 17, 1971, titled "What It Means to Be a Homosexual". Due to the response of over 2,000 letters to the article (more than ever received by that newspaper) the article, with additional material was published later that year as a book. Miller became a spokesman for the gay rights movement. The article was again published as a book by Penguin Classics in 2012, with a new foreword by Dan Savage and a new afterword by Charles Kaiser.[2]

Life and career

Merle Miller was born in Montour, Iowa and raised in Marshalltown, Iowa, attending the University of Iowa and the London School of Economics. Before World War II, he was a Washington correspondent for the late Philadelphia Record. During the war, Miller served both in the Pacific and in Europe as a war correspondent and editor for Yank, The Army Weekly.

Following his discharge from the Army, he was editor of both Harper's and Time magazines. He also worked as a book reviewer for The Saturday Review of Literature and as a contributing editor for The Nation. His work appeared frequently in the New York Times Magazine.

During the course of a writing career that spanned several decades, Miller wrote numerous novels, including the best-selling classic post war novel, That Winter (1948). His other novels are Island 49 (1945); The Sure Thing (1949); Reunion (1954); A Day in Late September (1956); A Secret Understanding (1961); A Gay and Melancholy Sound (1962); and What Happened (1972). He also wrote a novel titled The Warm Feeling, but due to the fact that the publisher did not give him the opportunity to read and edit the manuscript, he publicly disowned the novel and would not have anything to do with it.[3]

His works of non-fiction include We Dropped the A-Bomb (1946), a book he wrote in collaboration with Abe Spitzer, a radioman who was on the bomber, The Great Artiste, one of the three B-29s that dropped the atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; The Judges and The Judged (1952); Only You Dick Daring (1964), Miller's scathing account of trying to make a show with CBS for the 1963-1964 television season; and On Being Different. What It Means To Be a Homosexual (1971).

Miller was a contributor of A Treasury of Great Reporting; The Best of Yank; and Yank: The GI Story of the War.

In 1967 he signed the “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest,” vowing to refuse to pay taxes raised to fund the Vietnam War.[4]

Miller wrote many television plays and was the author of the screenplays, "The Rains of Ranchiphur" (1955), which starred Richard Burton and Lana Turner, and "Kings Go Forth," (1958), featuring Frank Sinatra and Natalie Wood. He wrote several drafts of a screenplay for "A Walk on the Wild Side," but by the time the screen version was being shot it was so far removed from what he had written or had in mind that he refused any screen credit.[5]

Plain Speaking

His postwar career as a television script writer and novelist was interrupted by the advent of Senator Joseph McCarthy and Miller's inclusion on the "Blacklist." He did not re-enter TV until the late 50s and early 60s, during which time he was hired by Robert Alan Aurthur, a screenwriter, director and TV producer, to write the script for a proposed series on ex-President Harry Truman. In 1962, he spent hundreds of hours with Truman both at the Truman Library in Independence, Missouri, and at the Carlyle Hotel in New York City, but all three of the major networks weren't interested in the series and turned it down. Miller felt that perhaps the time wasn't right; that many people were not aware of the greatness of the man; that it was possible the country wasn't ready to look back at the Truman years. He also felt one of the reasons it was never shown on television, even as late as 1962, was because he had been a blacklisted writer.[6]

Robert Alan Aurthur, who was present during the filming and interviewing of Truman later said, "...an image I can easily evoke...in that brief time when we knew and worked with Harry Truman, is any moment when Merle Miller walked into a room or office where Harry Truman was waiting...if Truman did not ignore the rest of us completely...for Merle, always a smile, always an inside greeting that had to do with a couple of fellas from Missouri and Iowa...both were from the Midwest; both had strong mothers, weak eyes...a boyhood and lifelong devotion to books and music, total dedication to the truth, and a sense of history which encompasses an uncanny ability to relate past events, great and small, not with 20-20 hindsight or fashionable revisionism, but purely in their own terms as they happened."[7]

Miller didn't know quite what to do with the interviews, some on tape and some taking up four full-sized file cabinets. He wanted to write a book about Truman, but he didn't want it to be a biography. But then Truman died and he was asked to appear on National Television and tell some Truman stories, some of which he had been entertaining friends with over the years. Someone at the station suggested he should write a book making use of some of the stories. He still had the tapes and the mountains of notes he had made after each conversation, and so he went home and put together a thirty page proposal. It was turned down by at least eight publishers before it was picked up by G. P. Putnam's Sons.[8]

In 1974, when the book was finally published it was titled Plain Speaking, which is exactly what the book is about. It is a book of conversations between Miller and the 33rd President of the United States as well as others who knew Truman over the years. Aurthur said, "No one will ever study or write about the time of Truman again without a bow of gratitude to Merle Miller. Never has a President of the United States, or any head of state for that matter, been so totally revealed, so completely documented...."[9]

In October 1974, on a stop in Independence promoting the book, Miller was presented the key to the city by Mayor Richard King, who stated: "You captured the spirit of Harry S. Truman and President Truman represents the spirit of Independence."[10] While there Miller was interviewed by the editor of a local newspaper and asked if he had had any scathing criticism of his treatment of the Truman tapes. "Only minor criticism," Miller replied. "One of the controversial points was Mr. Truman's interpretation of the meeting with MacArthur at Wake Island. I'm satisfied that the account Mr. Truman gave me is correct."[11]

With regard to any criticism of the book, Miller had this to say in the Preface to Plain Speaking. "Truman told it the way he remembered it. So as I think Mr. Truman would have said, the hell with the purists. There are already hundreds of books and there will be hundreds more to clear up those small details that Mr. Truman and his friends may have misremembered...."[12]

The book received generally positive reviews, although one critic—Dr. Robert Ferrell of Indiana University—has questioned the authenticity and accuracy of some of the statements that Miller attributed to Truman.[13]

Within a short time of publication, Plain Speaking was listed as number one on the New York Times best-selling list where it remained for over a year. It stayed in print, either in hard or soft cover for many years and, as late as 2004, was published as a "Classic Bestseller" by Black Dog and Leventhal.

With the publication of Plain Speaking a new vein in Miller's talent was discovered and in succession he wrote two best-selling biographies, Lyndon, a Biography of President Lyndon Baines Johnson, and Ike the Soldier, a biography of General Dwight David Eisenhower. He had conducted scores of interviews with political figures, cabinet members, relatives and friends of the late President Eisenhower, as well as completed all the research with the intention of writing a second volume to be titled Ike the President, but died just after finishing the first volume Ike the Soldier.

Miller died on June 10, 1986, in Danbury Hospital in Connecticut, from peritonitis following surgery to remove a ruptured appendix.

Merle Miller Special Collections containing all of his taped interviews, research material, notes and correspondence are housed at three presidential libraries in Missouri, Texas and Kansas, as well as the University of Iowa and Boston University. They are all open and available to the public.[14]

Controversy

In 1995 Miller's most famous book, Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S Truman, became the focus of an intense controversy. That year Dr. Robert Ferrell, an historian who had published his own biography of Truman, asserted that Miller had fabricated many of the quotes in his book.[15] In 1962, Miller had done a series of filmed interviews with former President Truman; his hope was to sell the interviews to a television network. When no network bought the rights, Miller printed the interviews in 1974 and turned them into the bestselling and influential Plain Speaking. In the book, Truman came across as a salty, colorful, and tart-tongued politician who said many "politically incorrect" things. In Plain Speaking, Miller quoted Truman as referring to General Douglas MacArthur as a "dumb-son-of-a-bitch" and quoted Truman as asserting that Dwight Eisenhower, his successor in the Oval Office, tried to divorce his wife Mamie in order to marry Kay Summersby, his English chauffeur and secretary during World War II. In Miller's recounting, Truman claimed that General George C. Marshall wrote Eisenhower a letter threatening to ruin his career if he divorced his wife. According to Dr. Ferrell, however, Truman never actually said any of this,[16] and he accused Miller of simply making up Truman's quotes to make his book more interesting and lively. A similar issue occurred with comments that Miller claimed Truman said about his former attorney general and later Supreme Court appointee, Justice Tom C. Clark.[17] Ferrell claimed that Miller's papers on file in the Truman presidential library include no references to a number of Truman's quotes in Plain Speaking, and in his opinion the quotes are most likely forgeries created by Miller, and are not real Truman quotes or statements. Ferrell also noted that Miller waited until nearly two years after Truman's death to publish Plain Speaking. In 1963 Truman wrote a letter to Miller which read: "I thank you for sending me the article which you [Miller] proposed for the Saturday Evening Post. I am not in favor of such articles, especially this one which has so many misstatements of fact in it. I am sorry that that is the case and if you publish it I shall make that statement public." According to Ferrell, Truman did not mail the letter to Miller, but instead chose to hire a law firm and threatened to sue, which forced Miller to withdraw the proposed article for the Saturday Evening Post, and, in Ferrell's view, led him to wait until after Truman's death to publish Plain Speaking to avoid the possibility of any legal action.[18]

Notes

  1. ↑ http://dailyiowan.lib.uiowa.edu/DI/1941/di1941-05-03.pdf
  2. ↑ Victor S. Navasky Interview: Conversations with History: Institute of International Studies, USC Berkeley. 2005. Page 4.
  3. ↑ Merle Miller Disowns His New Novel by Harry Gilroy. The New York Times. March 27, 1968.
  4. ↑ "Letter from Ronald, September 8, 1967 :: Transaction-Horowitz Archive". Collection1.libraries.psu.edu. 1967-09-08. Retrieved 2013-12-05.
  5. ↑ Merle Miller’s journals and other writings. 1936 to 1986. The Estate of Merle Miller. Carol V. Hanley, Executrix.
  6. ↑ Sex and Power in High Places. Merle Miller Speaks Out by John Mitzel. Gay Community News. Vol. 4. No. 42. April 16, 1977.
  7. ↑ Merle Miller: A Sense of History by Robert Alan Aurthur. Book of the Month Club News. February 1974. Page 4.
  8. ↑ Thirty page book proposal by Merle Miller sent to his agent in which he stated in part:...Just ten years ago now I spent more than a month with Mr. Truman preparing for a television series that never came off. But the nearly two hundred hours of conversation, some of them on tape, the rest taking up four full-sized filing cabinets, are intact. And there are at least that many more hours of conversation with members of Mr.Truman’s Administration, everybody from Dean Acheson to Clark Clifford to Omar Bradley to Wallace Graham, his personal physician. And more than fifty people in Independence who had known him since childhood. None of that material has ever been published, frankly, because I didn’t quite know how to use it. I did not want to do a biography of Mr.Truman. But this book I plan to write will make abundant use of it. It will not be a personal history, but in many ways it will make use of personal memory...
  9. ↑ Merle Miller: A Sense of History. Ibid.
  10. ↑ Letter to Merle Miller dated November 27, 1974, from Mayor Richard A. King.
  11. ↑ Miller Says ‘Real HST’ Talks in Plain Speaking by Sue Gentry. The Examiner. Independence, MO. October 30, 1974.
  12. ↑ Preface to Plain Speaking by Merle Miller. P. 18.
  13. ↑ Truman Library. Merle Miller Papers. Collection Description. Page 2 of 26.
  14. ↑ Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum. Research Collection. Austin, Texas; Eisenhower Presidential Library. Abilene, Kansas; Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, Independence, Missouri; Howard Gottlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University; University of Iowa Library Manuscript Register.
  15. ↑ Ferrell 1995. "Miller made notable additions, beyond simple rewritings"
  16. ↑ Ferrell 1995. "In the Miller tapes in the Truman Library there is no Truman conversation, nothing, about Kay Summersby."
  17. ↑ Alexander Wohl, "Writing Biography in the Age of Wikipedia: Removing a Shadow from the Life of Justice Tom Clark," Scotusblog, September 23, 2013, http://www.scotusblog.com/2013/09/writing-biography-in-the-age-of-wikipedia-removing-a-shadow-from-the-life-of-justice-tom-clark/
  18. ↑ Ferrell 1995

References

External links

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