Metahuman
| Metahuman | |
|---|---|
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Characteristics | |
| Place of origin | Earth |
In DC Comics' DC Universe, a metahuman is a superhuman. The term is roughly synonymous with both mutant, mutate and more recently "Enhanced" in the Marvel Universe and posthuman in the Wildstorm and Ultimate Marvel Universes. The term "Evo" from the Heroes universe is also synonymous with the term. In DC Comics, the term is used loosely in most instances to refer to any human-like being with extranormal powers and abilities, be they technological, alien, mutant, or magical in nature. A significant portion of these are normal human beings born with a genetic variant called the metagene which causes them to gain powers and abilities during freak accidents or times of intense psychological distress.
The term as a referent to superheroes began in 1986 by author George R. R. Martin, first in the Superworld role playing system, and then later in his Wild Cards series of novels.[1]
DC Comics
The term metahuman was first used by a fictitious race of extraterrestrials known as the Dominators when they appeared in DC Comics' Invasion! mini-series. The Dominators use this term to refer to any human native of the planet Earth with "fictional superhuman abilities". The prefix "meta-" simply means "beyond", denoting persons and abilities beyond human limits. Metahuman may also relate to an individual who has exceeded what is known as "The Current Potential", meaning one's ability to move matter with mind. (See Telekinesis).
Xenobrood
Before the White Martians arrived on Earth, Lord Vimana, the Vimanian overlord from the Xenobrood mini-series, claimed credit for the creation of the human race both normal and metahuman, due to their introduction of superpowered alien genetic matter into human germline DNA.[2] The Vimanians in the series forced their super powered worker drones to mate with humanity's ancestors Australopithecus afarensis (3 million years ago), and later Homo erectus (1.5 million years ago) in order to create a race of superpowered slaves.[3]
The Metagene
The Invasion! mini-series provided a concept for why humans in the DC Universe would survive catastrophic events and develop superpowers. One of the Dominators discovered that select members of the human race had a "biological variant," which he called the meta-gene (also spelled "metagene"). This gene often lay dormant until an instant of extraordinary physical and emotional stress activates it. A "spontaneous chromosomal combustion" then takes place, as the metagene takes the source of the biostress – be it chemical, radioactive or whatever – and turns the potential catastrophe into a catalyst for "genetic change," resulting in metahuman abilities. It should also be noted that DC does not use the "metagene concept" as a solid editorial rule, and few writers explicitly reference the metagene when explaining a character's origin.
DC also has characters born with superhuman abilities, suggesting the metagene can activate spontaneously and without any prior appearance in the ancestry. One well-known example involves Dinah Laurel Lance, the second Black Canary. Although her mother (Dinah Drake Lance, the original Black Canary) was a superhero, neither she nor her husband Larry Lance were born with any known metagenes. However, Dinah Laurel was born with a metagene, the infamous ultrasonic scream known as the Canary Cry.
The prefix meta-, in this context, simply means "beyond"—as in metastable, which is beyond regular stability and ready to collapse at the slightest disruption, or metamorphosis, which is the state of going beyond a single shape. In the DC comic mini-series Invasion!, the Dominators point out that the Meta-gene is contained inside every cell of the human body.
In the DC Comics universe, metahuman criminals are incarcerated in special metahuman prisons, like the prison built on Alcatraz Island, which is outfitted not only with provisions to hold criminals whose powers are science and technology-based, but even mystical dampeners to hold villains (including Homo magi) whose powers are magic based. Prisoners in this facility are tagged with nanobyte tracers injected into their bloodstream that allow them to be located wherever they are.[4]
It is possible for individuals skilled in science and biology to manipulate, dampen or modify the activities of the metagene. During the Final Crisis while the Dominators were able to devise a Gene Bomb able to accelerate the metagene activity to the point of cellular and physical instabilities, an anti-metagene virus was spread as a last-ditch weapon in the invaded Checkmate quarters. This metavirus has the opposite effects of the Gene Bomb, curbing and shutting down the metagene and stripping the metahumans of their powers for an unspecified amount of time.[5]
White Martians
According to the storyline in JLA vol. 1 #4 by Grant Morrison,[6] the storylines in Martian Manhunter #25-27 by John Ostrander,[7] and Son of Vulcan #5 by Scott Beatty,[8] the genetic potential for a future metagene was discovered in ancient Homo sapien's DNA (500,000 - 250,000 years ago) by the White Martian race. The White Martians performed experiments on these primitive humans, changing how the metahuman phenotype was expressed by the metagene.
Due to their experimentations, they actually altered the destiny of the human race. Whereas before, evolution would have eventually made mankind into a race of superhumans similar to the Daxamites and Kryptonians, now only a select few humans would be able to develop metahuman powers. As punishment for this, the group of renegades known as the Hyperclan was exiled to the Still Zone, a version of the Phantom Zone.[9][10]
Metavirus
The White Martians also created a metavirus, a metagene that could be passed from host to host via touch. This metavirus was responsible for the empowerment of the very first Son of Vulcan. From that time onwards, the Sons of Vulcan passed the metavirus down in an unbroken line, sworn to hunt and kill White Martians.
Population
The terms "meta" and "metahuman" do not refer only to humans born with biological variants. Superman and Martian Manhunter (aliens) as well as Wonder Woman (a near-goddess) and Aquaman (an Atlantean) are referred to in many instances as "metahumans." It can refer to anyone with extraordinary powers, no matter the origins and including those not born with such power. According to Countdown to Infinite Crisis, there are roughly 1.3 billion metahumans on Earth, 99.5% of which are considered "nuisance-level" (such as kids who can bend spoons with their mind and the old lady "who keeps hitting at Powerball"). The other 0.5% are what Checkmate and the OMACs consider alpha, beta, and gamma level threats. For example, Superman and Wonder Woman were categorized as alpha level, while Metamorpho was considered a beta level and Ratcatcher was considered a gamma level.
Exo-gene
The 52 mini-series introduced a toxic mutagen called the Exo-gene (also referred to as the Exogene). It is a toxic gene therapy treatment created by Lexcorp for the Everyman Project which creates metahuman abilities in compatible non-metahumans. It first appeared in 52 #4 with the first announcement of the Everyman Project in 52 #8. The project was controversial, creating a lot of unstable heroes and gave Luthor an "off switch" for their powers, creating countless mid-flight deaths.
Amalgam
In the short-lived DC/Marvel Comics crossover "Amalgam Comics" event, in the JLX series (combining Justice League and Marvel's X-Men), metahumans are replaced with metamutants (a portmanteau of metahumans and Marvel's mutants) who are said to carry a 'metamutant gene'.
Television
DC animated universe
In animated versions of the DC universe, the term metahuman is used in the animated series Static Shock.
Birds of Prey
On the television series Birds of Prey, metahumans included heroines Huntress and Dinah Lance. New Gotham also had a thriving metahuman underground, mostly made up of metahumans who were trying to live their own lives, although a self-hating metahuman, Claude Morton (Joe Flanigan), tried to convince the police that all metahumans were evil. In Birds of Prey, metahuman is treated not as merely a state of being beyond human, but seemingly as a race or species; the Huntress is described as being "half-metahuman" on her mother's side.
Smallville
On the television series Smallville, metahumans can be naturally occurring. However, the majority of them on the show are the result of exposure to kryptonite, which in the Smallville universe can have the effect of turning people into superpowered "meteor freaks", often with psychotic side effects. For many seasons of Smallville, all superpowered people other than Kryptonians were so-called meteor freaks, but as the show went on it began to explore further corners of the DC universe. Non-kryptonite metahumans include the Smallville versions of Aquaman, the Flash and Zatanna.
Young Justice
On the animated series Young Justice, the alien antagonists known as the Kroloteans have frequently used the term and have even researched into the discovery of a "metagene" by abducting and testing on random humans. The alien reach conduct similar experiments and kidnap a cadre of teen runaways to test for the metagene, leading several of these individuals to develop superpowers. In the episode "Runaways," a S.T.A.R. Labs scientist surmises that the gene is "opportunistic" in as much as it causes its user to develop powers seemingly based on their personal experiences or surroundings.
The Flash, Arrow & Supergirl
- In the 2014 television series The Flash, Dr. Harrison Wells and his team at S.T.A.R. Labs developed an advanced particle accelerator in Central City. When it was activated, the device went critical and exploded, releasing a variety of theoretical elements such as dark matter and negative energy into the world. Many residents of Central City who were affected by the blast wave were genetically altered by the dark matter, granting them superhuman abilities. People with such abilities are called "metahumans," coined by Wells and his staff. The nature of a metahuman's powers appear to be a result of an external element that they were near or exposed to when hit by the particle accelerator blast.
- In its sister series, Arrow, the metahuman villain Deathbolt arrives in Starling City (later changed to Star City.) It is revealed that Deathbolt was not in Central City when the particle accelerator exploded, meaning that there are metahumans who derived their abilities from other means. Later on, the metahuman Double Down arrives in Star City to kill the Green Arrow and his teammates under the employment of Damien Darhk, though he fails to do so. It is revealed that Double Down got his powers from the particle accelerator explosion while he was getting tattoos done on his body, being the reason for which he is able to use his body tattoos as actual cards.
- In the television series Supergirl, it is appears that people are oblivious of the existence of metahumans until the events of the episode "Worlds Finest," which features the emergences of the Silver Banshee and Livewire and the arrival of the Flash; when a D.E.O. scientist examine Siobhan Smythe / Silver Banshe, she cannot explain how a human has such powers. It is later revealed that Siobhan received her powers through a supernatural means. Leslie Willis / Livewire received her powers in the episode "Livewire," which is prior to the events of "Worlds Finest," after both she and Supergirl are struck by lightning, releasing energies from Supergirl's body that turned Leslie into an electricity-based metahuman. Winn Schott initially refers humans with powers such as the Flash as "superhumans," but later on Supergirl begins to refer them as "metahumans" as the Flash.
Film
DC Extended Universe
In Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, Wonder Woman, The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg are metahumans.
See also
References
- ↑ "Wild Cards - Origins". Wildcardsonline.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- ↑ Xenobrood #6 (April 1995)
- ↑ Xenobrood #3-4 (January–February 1995)
- ↑ Outsiders #12 (July 2004)
- ↑ Final Crisis: Resist Oneshot (2008)
- ↑ JLA vol 1 #4 (April 1997)
- ↑ Martian Manhunter vol 2 #25-27 (December 2000-February 2001)
- ↑ Son of Vulcan vol 2 #5 (December 2005)
- ↑ Archived May 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "The Unofficial History of the DC Universe". Dcuguide.com. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
External links
- DCU Guide History: 14 Million B.C.
- Monitor Duty: WILL D. WILLIAMS
- Wildcardsonline.com: Wild cards origins - Origin of the comic book term "Metahuman"
- Metahuman Press