Michael Apostolius

Michael Apostolius (Greek: Μιχαὴλ Ἀποστόλιος or Μιχαὴλ Ἀποστόλης; c. 1420 in Constantinople – after 1474 or 1486, possibly in Venetian Crete)^[1] or Apostolius Paroemiographus, i.e. Apostolius the proverb-writer, was a Greek teacher, writer and copyist who lived in the fifteenth century.

Life

When, in 1453, the Turks conquered Constantinople, his native city, he fled to Italy, and there obtained the protection of Cardinal Bessarion. But engaging in the great dispute that then raged between the upholders of Aristotle and Plato, his zeal for the latter led him to speak so contemptuously of the more popular philosopher and of his defender, Theodorus Gaza, that he fell under the severe displeasure of his patron.^[2]

He afterwards retired to Crete, where he earned a scanty living by teaching and by copying manuscripts. Many of his copies are still to be found in the libraries of Europe. One of them, the Icones of Philostratus at Bologna, bears the inscription: "The king of the poor of this world has written this book for his living."^[2]

Apostolius died about 1480, leaving a son, Arsenius Apostolius, who became bishop of Malvasia (Monemvasia) in the Morea.^[2]

Writings

Of his numerous works a few have been printed:

• Παροιμίαι (Paroemiae, Greek for "proverbs"), a collection of proverbs in Greek
  • an edition published in Basel in 1538, now exceedingly rare
  • a fuller edition edited by Daniel Heinsius ("Curante Heinsio") and published in Leiden in 1619^[3]
• "Oratio Panegyrica ad Fredericum III." in Freher's Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum, vol. ii. (Frankfort, 1624)
• Georgii Gemisthi Plethonis et Mich. Apostolii Orationes funebres duae in quibus de Immortalitate Animae exponitur (Leipzig, 1793)
• a work against the Latin Church and the council of Florence in Le Moine's Varia Sacra.

See also

• Byzantine scholars in Renaissance

Notes

1. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. 1991. p. 140. ISBN 0195046528.
2. Chisholm 1911.
3. Michael Apostolius, Paroemiae [Proverbs]. Ed. Daniel Heinsius. Leiden, 1619.

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Apostolius, Michael". Encyclopædia Britannica 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.