Firestone Indy 400

Firestone Indy 400
IndyCar Series
Venue Michigan International Speedway
Corporate sponsor Firestone
First race 1968
First ICS race 2002
Last race 2007
Distance 400 miles (644 km)
Laps 200
Previous names Norton Michigan 500 (1981-1983), Michigan 500 (1984-1986), Marlboro 500 (1987-1996), U.S. 500 presented by Toyota (1997-1999), Michigan 500 presented by Toyota (2000), Harrah's 500 presented by Toyota (2001), Michigan Indy 400 (2002, 2004-2005), Firestone Indy 400 (2003, 2006-2007)

The Firestone Indy 400 was an IndyCar Series race held at Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn, Michigan. The event was most recently held in 2007. From 1981 to 2001, the event was better-known as the Michigan 500, and was held in high prestige. During its heyday of the 1980s, the race was part of Indy car racing's 500-mile "Triple Crown".

Between 1968 and 2007, Michigan International Speedway hosted a total of 55 Indy car races, including twenty-two 500-mile events. In several seasons, the facility hosted two separate races annually. The races at Michigan became notorious for high speed, being rough on equipment, and for devastating crashes. The 1990 race, won by Al Unser, Jr. (189.727 mph) was the fastest 500-mile race in history at the time, a record that stood until 2002.

Two drivers (Michael Andretti and Scott Goodyear) won the Michigan 500 twice, while Tony Kanaan won a 500-mile race and a 400-mile race, respectively. In addition, the track has produced many surprise winners, and twelve drivers have scored their first - and in some cases only - Indy car win at Michigan.

Race history

USAC

In 1968, American open wheel racing debuted at the circuit with a 200-mile (320 km) USAC Champ Car event. In 1970, USAC returned with what would become a traditional July race date. Indy car owner and promoter Roger Penske purchased the track in 1972, and it became a mainstay on the calendar.

In 1973, a second USAC race was added to the Champ Car schedule, a fall race usually held in September. Through 1980, all events were either 200 or 250 miles in length, with some events consisting of twin 125-mile races.

CART

The pace car leads the field to the start of the 1988 Michigan 500.

In 1979, both 150-mile Michigan races switched to CART sanctioning.

In 1980, Ontario Motor Speedway closed, and thus Indy car racing's "triple crown" (Indianapolis, Pocono, Ontario) lost one of its 500-mile races. For 1981, the summer race at Michigan was expanded to 500 miles, replacing Ontario. NBC agreed to broadcast the race live, making it the first Indy race to be broadcast live. Following the 1986 CART season, the fall race was dropped from the schedule, leaving the Michigan 500 the track's lone Indy car event.

In November 1986, Rick Mears set an Indy car closed-course speed record driving a March/Ilmor Chevrolet with a lap of 233.934 mph.[1] The lap was an Indy car speed record that would stand for a decade.

In 1987, the 500-mile (800 km) race began to be sponsored by Marlboro and became known as the Marlboro 500. On network television, however due to tobacco regulations, the race was still advertised as the "Michigan 500." From 1988-1991 the race was part of the Marlboro Million, a cash prize awarded to any driver who won the Marlboro Grand Prix, the Marlboro 500, and the Marlboro Challenge All-Star event in the same year. The prize was never won.

During the 1980s and early 1990s, the Michigan 500 was traditionally held in late July or early August. In 1994, the Brickyard 400 was scheduled for the first weekend in August, creating a conflict. The Michigan 500 was shifted to the last weekend in July for 1994 and beyond.

In 1996, the CART series held a rival 500-mile race, the U.S. 500, the same day as the Indy 500. The race was discontinued after only one running. However, the moniker "U.S. 500" was kept, and for a period of time used for the traditional July 500-mile race. The name "Marlboro 500" subsequently was switched to the new 500-mile race at Fontana.

In several seasons (1987-1995, 1997), IROC was held as a support race to the Michigan 500. The Indy Lights series initially did not race at Michigan, but eventually made its first appearance in 1996.

Roger Penske sold the track to International Speedway Corporation in 1999. Over the next couple of seasons, attendance sharply declined for the CART-sanctioned race. In addition, the fast speeds were again raising safety concerns. The track had expanded its seating capacity (namely for its two NASCAR races) and the typical CART crowds of 50,000 spectators looked visibly unspectacular. Despite some of the most competitive CART events in the track's history, largely due to the use of the Hanford Device, fans continued to stay away. Series officials and track management were able to put together a deal to hold the 2001 race, but talks ceased and the contract was not renewed for 2002.[2][3]

Indy Racing League / IndyCar

Starting in 2002, the race became an Indy Racing League IndyCar Series event. In addition, the race distance was changed from 500 miles to 400 miles. The race featured wheel-to-wheel racing, albeit at slower speeds than the CART-sanctioned events. In 2002, Sarah Fisher became the first female driver to pass for the lead under green flag conditions in an Indy-style race.

For 2007, the race had to move dates. The Brickyard 400 was moved by ESPN up one week, and created a conflict. The scheduling shuffle saw the race placed on the first weekend in August. The result was three races in close proximity (Mid Ohio, Michigan, and Detroit) within six weeks of each other. Citing low attendance, and an undesirable date, track management removed the race from the 2008 schedule and beyond. In addition, a twin 200-mile race format was requested, which was rejected by the league officials. As of 2016, the race has not been revived.

Safety concerns

Safety was always a concern at Michigan, primarily due to the high speeds and Armco barriers. The steep banking and rough pavement was treacherous on equipment, leading to frequent suspension failures, tire failures, blown engines, and crashes, many severe. Attrition in races at Michigan was always high, particularly in the 500-mile events. Crashes at Michigan ended – or effectively led to the end of – the driving careers of Chip Ganassi, Emerson Fittipaldi, Héctor Rebaque and Danny Sullivan. Likewise Merle Bettenhausen, Derek Daly, A. J. Foyt, Al Unser, Jr., Gordon Johncock, Mario Andretti and Bobby Rahal, among others, all suffered injuries from crashes. After a horrendous crash in 1980 which split his car in two, Tim Richmond soon after quit Indy car racing and switched the NASCAR circuit.

In 1987, a dogleg chicane was hastily built in the middle of the backstretch to slow the cars down, but it was never used in competition. After a couple of practice runs, it was deemed unsuitable, partially due to fear of gearbox failure, being too abrupt, and not necessarily serving its intended purpose. But it was also scrapped due to concern over fans' negative reactions. Instead, officials decided to reduce turbocharger boost for the race.[4]

Despite the numerous serious crashes, no Indy car drivers have ever been killed as a result of crashes at Michigan. In the late 1980s and early 1990, safety upgrades were made the facility. The remaining Armco barriers were replaced with concrete walls, and the track was repaved in 1995. Though the track was still hard on equipment, the number of serious injuries to drivers noticeably declined. In 1998, three spectators were killed, and six others injured, when debris from a single-car crash flew over the catch fence into the grandstands. Despite improvements made to the catch fencing, subsequent attendance declined greatly over the next few years.

First wins and best-career results

Due to the demanding nature of the course and high attrition, particularly in the 500-mile races, Michigan produced numerous surprise winners and was the site of several first-time winners on the Indy car circuit. During the USAC era, Michigan was site of the only championship car wins for Ronnie Bucknum and Bill Vukovich II, as well as the first career wins for Tom Sneva and Danny Ongais. In the CART era, the Michigan 500 was the site of the first career wins for Pancho Carter (only career win), John Paul Jr., Emerson Fittipaldi, Scott Goodyear, Scott Pruett, Tony Kanaan, and Patrick Carpentier. Furthermore, Tomas Scheckter notched his first career IndyCar win while the race was under IRL sanctioning.

Other "surprise" wins include Johnny Rutherford's 1986 Michigan 500 triumph - his final career victory, and Scott Goodyear's 1994 win, the lone win for King Racing in Indy car racing. Along with the first-time winners, a number of other drivers on the Indy car circuit achieved their career-best finishes at Michigan. Drivers include Dominic Dobson, Mark Smith, and Hiro Matsushita, who finished 3rd, 5th, and 6th, respectively in the 1994 race. Derek Daly, who suffered a devastating crash at Michigan in 1984, scored his final career top five at Michigan in 1989.

Two-time Indy 500 winner Arie Luyendyk twice finished second at the Michigan 500 (1991, 1994). Notably, both instances were with fledgling teams. His second place in the 1994 race marked the only top three ever achieved by the Indy Regency Racing team.

Past winners

Season Date Race Name Driver Team Chassis Engine Race Distance Race Time Average Speed
(mph)
Laps Miles (km)
USAC Championship Car history
1968 October 13 Michigan Inaugural 250 United States Ronnie Bucknum All American Racers Eagle Offy 125 250 (402.336) 1:32:42 161.812
1969 Not held
1970 July 4 Michigan Twin 200s United States Gary Bettenhausen Bettenhausen Racing Gerhardt Offy 100 200 (321.868) 1:25:20 138.67
1971 July 18 Michigan 200 United States Mark Donohue Penske Racing McLaren Offy 100 200 (321.868) 1:22:09 144.898
1972 July 16 Michigan 200 United States Joe Leonard Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing Parnelli Offy 100 200 (321.868) 140.685
1973 July 15 Michigan 200 United States Roger McCluskey Lindsey Hopkins McLaren Offy 100 200 (321.868) 1:14:28 161.146
September 16 Michigan Twin 125s United States Bill Vukovich II Jerry O'Connell Eagle Offy 63 126 (202.777) 0:56:24 134.026
United States Johnny Rutherford Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren Offy 63 126 (202.777) 0:48:05 157.243
1974 July 21 Michigan 200 United States Bobby Unser All American Racers Eagle Offy 100 200 (321.868) 1:14:41 160.695
September 15 Norton 250 United States Al Unser Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing Eagle Offy 125 250 (402.336) 1:45:32 142.135
1975 July 20 Norton 200 United States A.J. Foyt A.J. Foyt Enterprises Coyote Foyt 100 200 (321.868) 1:15:31 158.907
September 13 Michigan 150 United States Tom Sneva Penske Racing McLaren Offy 75 150 (241.401) 0:51:05 176.16
1976 July 18 Norton Twin 200s United States Gordon Johncock Patrick Racing Wildcat DGS 100 200 (321.868) 1:12:43 1:12:43
September 18 Michigan 150 United States A.J. Foyt A.J. Foyt Enterprises Coyote Foyt 75 150 (241.401) 0:54:51 164.058
1977 July 17 Norton 200 United States Danny Ongais Interscope Racing Parnelli Cosworth 100 200 (321.868) 1:20:27 149.152
September 17 Michigan Grand Prix United States Gordon Johncock Patrick Racing Wildcat DGS 75 150 (241.401) 0:51:21 175.25
1978 July 16 Norton Twin 200 United States Johnny Rutherford Bruce McLaren Motor Racing McLaren Cosworth 100 200 (321.868) 1:15:02 159.941
September 16 Gould Grand Prix United States Danny Ongais Interscope Racing Parnelli Cosworth 75 150 (241.401) 1:01:32 146.246
CART Indy Car World Series history
1979 July 15 Norton Twin 125s United States Gordon Johncock Patrick Racing Penske Cosworth 63 126 (202.777) 0:44:13 170.796
United States Bobby Unser Penske Racing Penske Cosworth 63 126 (202.777) 0:48:40 155.342
September 15 Gould Grand Prix United States Bobby Unser Penske Racing Penske Cosworth 75 150 (241.401) 0:51:22 175.211
1980 July 20 Norton 200 United States Johnny Rutherford Chaparral Cars Chaparral Cosworth 100 200 (321.868) 1:20:48 148.515
October 20 Gould Grand Prix United States Mario Andretti Penske Racing Penske Cosworth 75 150 (241.401) 0:53:44 167.494
1981 July 25 Norton Michigan 500 United States Pancho Carter Alex Morales Autosport Penske Cosworth 250 500 (804.672) 3:45:45 132.89
September 20 Detroit News Grand Prix United States Rick Mears Penske Racing Penske Cosworth 74* 148 (238.182) 1:10:30 125.957
1982 July 18 Norton Michigan 500 United States Gordon Johncock Patrick Racing Wildcat Cosworth 250 500 (804.672) 3:14:54 153.925
September 26 Detroit News Grand Prix United States Bobby Rahal TrueSports March Cosworth 75 150 (241.401) 1:04:03 140.515
1983 July 17 Norton Michigan 500 United States John Paul, Jr. VDS Penske Cosworth 250 500 (804.672) 3:42:27 134.862
September 18 Detroit News Grand Prix United States Rick Mears Penske Racing Penske Cosworth 100 200 (321.868) 1:05:49 182.235
1984 July 22 Michigan 500 United States Mario Andretti Newman/Haas Racing Lola Cosworth 250 500 (804.672) 3:44:45 133.482
September 24 Detroit News Grand Prix United States Mario Andretti Newman/Haas Racing Lola Cosworth 100 200 (321.868) 1:11:12 168.523
1985 July 28 Michigan 500 Brazil Emerson Fittipaldi Patrick Racing March Cosworth 250 500 (804.672) 3:53:58 128.22
September 22 Detroit News 200 United States Bobby Rahal TrueSports March Cosworth 100 200 (321.868) 1:13:19 163.647
1986 August 2 Michigan 500 United States Johnny Rutherford Alex Morales Autosport March Cosworth 250 500 (804.672) 3:38:45 137.139
September 28 Pepsi Cola 250 United States Bobby Rahal TrueSports March Cosworth 125 250 (402.336) 1:22:33 181.701
1987 August 2 Marlboro 500 United States Michael Andretti Kraco Racing March Cosworth 250 500 (804.672) 2:54:56 171.493
1988 August 7 Marlboro 500 United States Danny Sullivan Penske Racing Penske Chevrolet 250 500 (804.672) 2:46:03 180.654
1989 August 6 Marlboro 500 United States Michael Andretti Newman/Haas Racing Lola Chevrolet 250 500 (804.672) 3:07:15 160.21
1990 August 5 Marlboro 500 United States Al Unser, Jr. Galles/Kraco Racing Lola Chevrolet 250 500 (804.672) 2:38:07 189.727
1991 August 4 Marlboro 500 United States Rick Mears Penske Racing Penske Chevrolet 250 500 (804.672) 2:59:23 167.23
1992 August 2 Marlboro 500 Canada Scott Goodyear Walker Racing Lola Chevrolet 250 500 (804.672) 2:48:53 177.265
1993 August 1 Marlboro 500 United Kingdom Nigel Mansell Newman/Haas Racing Lola Ford-Cosworth 250 500 (804.672) 2:39:24 188.203
1994 July 31 Marlboro 500 Canada Scott Goodyear King Racing Lola Ford-Cosworth 250 500 (804.672) 3:07:44 159.8
1995 July 30 Marlboro 500 United States Scott Pruett Patrick Racing Lola Ford-Cosworth 250 500 (804.672) 3:07:52 159.676
1996 May 26 Inaugural U.S. 500 United States Jimmy Vasser Chip Ganassi Racing Reynard Honda 250 500 (804.672) 3:11:48 156.403
July 28 Marlboro 500 Brazil André Ribeiro Tasman Racing Lola Honda 250 500 (804.672) 3:16:33 152.627
1997 July 27 U. S. 500 Presented by Toyota Italy Alex Zanardi Chip Ganassi Racing Reynard Honda 250 500 (804.672) 2:59:35 167.044
1998 July 26 U. S. 500 Presented by Toyota Canada Greg Moore Forsythe Racing Reynard Mercedes 250 500 (804.672) 3:00:48 165.913
1999 July 25 U. S. 500 Presented by Toyota Brazil Tony Kanaan Forsythe Racing Reynard Honda 250 500 (804.672) 2:41:12 186.097
2000 July 23 Michigan 500 Presented by Toyota Colombia Juan Montoya Chip Ganassi Racing Lola Toyota 250 500 (804.672) 2:48:49 177.694
2001 July 22 Harrah's 500 Presented by Toyota Canada Patrick Carpentier Forsythe Racing Reynard Ford-Cosworth 250 500 (804.672) 2:54:55 171.498
Indy Racing League / IndyCar Series history
2002 July 28 Michigan Indy 400 South Africa Tomas Scheckter Team Cheever Dallara Infiniti 200 400 (643.737) 2:14:03 179.044
2003 July 27 Firestone Indy 400 United States Alex Barron Mo Nunn Racing G-Force Toyota 200 400 (643.737) 2:12:39 180.917
2004 August 1 Michigan Indy 400 United States Buddy Rice Rahal Letterman Racing G-Force Honda 200 400 (643.737) 2:11:47 182.123
2005 July 31 Michigan Indy 400 United States Bryan Herta Andretti Green Racing Dallara Honda 200 400 (643.737) 2:23:33 167.197
2006 July 30 Firestone Indy 400 Brazil Helio Castroneves Team Penske Dallara Honda 200 400 (643.737) 2:03:44 193.972
2007 August 5 Firestone Indy 400 Brazil Tony Kanaan Andretti Green Racing Dallara Honda 200 400 (643.737) 2:49:38 141.481

Indy Lights winners

Season Date Winning Driver
CART PPG Indy Lights
1996 May 25 Canada David Empringham
1998 July 25 United States Tony Renna
1999 July 24 Austria Philipp Peter
2000 July 22 Brazil Felipe Giaffone
IRL Indy Pro Series
2002 July 28 United States A.J. Foyt IV
2003 July 27 United Kingdom Mark Taylor
2004 August 1 United States P.J. Chesson

Race summaries

USAC

Norton / Michigan 500

Marlboro 500

U.S. 500

Michigan / Harrah's 500 Presented by Toyota

Firestone Indy 400

Broadcasting

Year Network Lap-by-lap Color commentator(s) Pit reporters
1981 NBC Charlie Jones Paul Page Gary Gerould
1982 NBC Charlie Jones Paul Page Gary Gerould
1983 NBC Paul Page Bobby Unser and Johnny Rutherford Gary Gerould
1984 NBC Paul Page Bobby Unser Gary Gerould and Bruce Jenner
1985 NBC Not aired — see notes below
1986 NBC Paul Page Bobby Unser Gary Gerould and Bruce Jenner
1987 ABC Al Trautwig Sam Posey and Bobby Unser Jack Arute and Jerry Gappens
1988 ESPN Bob Jenkins Steve Chassey Gary Lee and Larry Nuber
1989 ABC Paul Page Sam Posey and Bobby Unser Jack Arute and Brian Hammons
1990 ABC Paul Page Sam Posey and Bobby Unser Jack Arute and Gary Gerould
1991 ABC Paul Page Sam Posey and Bobby Unser Jack Arute and Gary Gerould
1992 ABC Paul Page Sam Posey and Bobby Unser Jack Arute and Gary Gerould
1993 ABC Paul Page Sam Posey and Bobby Unser Jack Arute and Gary Gerould
1994 ESPN Paul Page Derek Daly Gary Gerould and Jon Beekhuis
1995 ABC Paul Page Sam Posey and Bobby Unser Jack Arute and Gary Gerould
1996 ESPN (May) Bob Varsha Scott Goodyear Marty Reid, James Allen, Jon Beekhuis
ABC (July) Paul Page Danny Sullivan Jack Arute and Gary Gerould
1997 ABC Bob Varsha Danny Sullivan Jack Arute and Gary Gerould
1998 ABC Bob Varsha Danny Sullivan Jack Arute, Gary Gerould and Jon Beekhuis
1999 ABC Paul Page Parker Johnstone Gary Gerould and Jon Beekhuis
2000 ABC Paul Page Parker Johnstone Gary Gerould and Jon Beekhuis
2001 ABC Paul Page Parker Johnstone Gary Gerould, Jon Beekhuis and Scott Pruett
2002 ABC Paul Page Scott Goodyear Jack Arute, Gary Gerould, Vince Welch
2003 ABC Paul Page Scott Goodyear Jack Arute, Gary Gerould, Jerry Punch
2004 ABC Paul Page Scott Goodyear Todd Harris, Jamie Little, Jerry Punch
2005 ABC Todd Harris Scott Goodyear Jack Arute, Jamie Little, Jerry Punch
2006 ABC/ESPN2 Marty Reid Scott Goodyear and Rusty Wallace
2007 ESPN Classic Marty Reid Scott Goodyear Jack Arute, Vince Welch, Brienne Pedigo

Notes

Works cited

References

  1. "Mears hits 233.934 at MIS". The Indianapolis Star. November 19, 1986. p. 24. Retrieved April 16, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  2. Miller, Robin (July 24, 2000). "CART owners have no clue of they abandon Michigan Speedway". The Indianapolis Star. p. 21. Retrieved April 18, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  3. Ballard, Steve (July 23, 2001). "CART stages another Michigan photo finish". The Indianapolis Star. p. 28. Retrieved April 18, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  4. Drivers Geared Up To Slow Down In Michigan 500
  5. Marquette, Ray (October 14, 1968). "Michigan Inaugural Won By Bucknum". The Indianapolis Star. p. 26. Retrieved March 17, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  6. Miller, Robin (July 19, 1982). "Johncock, Andretti 1-2 at Michigan". The Indianapolis Star. p. 18. Retrieved March 15, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  7. Miller, Robin (July 23, 1984). "Mario wins Michigan melee (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 17. Retrieved March 15, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  8. Miller, Robin (July 23, 1984). "Mario wins Michigan melee (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 18. Retrieved March 15, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  9. Miller, Robin (July 29, 1985). "Fittipaldi wins Michigan 500". The Indianapolis Star. p. 17. Retrieved March 8, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  10. Miller, Robin (August 3, 1986). "J.R. survives wet & wild Michigan 500 (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 73. Retrieved March 14, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  11. Miller, Robin (August 3, 1986). "J.R. survives wet & wild Michigan 500 (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 83. Retrieved March 14, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  12. Miller, Robin (July 31, 1987). "Sneva searching for his ride at Michigan". The Indianapolis Star. p. 37. Retrieved March 17, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  13. Miller, Robin (August 1, 1987). "Michael nips A.J. for Michigan pole". The Indianapolis Star. p. 25. Retrieved March 17, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  14. Miller, Robin (August 3, 1987). "Michael takes Marlboro 500 (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 15. Retrieved March 17, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  15. Miller, Robin (August 3, 1987). "Michael takes Marlboro 500 (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 19. Retrieved March 17, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  16. Dunkin, Dan (August 8, 1988). "Sullivan a winner at Marlboro 500 (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 19. Retrieved March 13, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  17. Dunkin, Dan (August 8, 1988). "Sullivan a winner at Marlboro 500 (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 23. Retrieved March 13, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  18. Shaffer, Rick (August 6, 1990). "Al jr. tops record, Michigan field (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 13. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  19. Shaffer, Rick (August 6, 1990). "Al jr. tops record, Michigan field (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 17. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  20. Miller, Robin (August 5, 1991). "Mears becomes $10 million man at Michigan (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 35. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  21. Miller, Robin (August 5, 1991). "Mears becomes $10 million man at Michigan (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 36. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  22. Miller, Robin (August 3, 1992). "This time a bride: Goodyear wins race (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 11. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  23. Miller, Robin (August 3, 1992). "This time a bride: Goodyear wins race (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 15. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  24. Miller, Robin (August 2, 1993). "Mansell magnificent in mastering Michigan (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 29. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  25. Miller, Robin (August 2, 1993). "Mansell magnificent in mastering Michigan (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 30. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  26. Miller, Robin (August 1, 1994). "Goodyear's bad year turns around in odd race (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 9. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  27. Miller, Robin (August 1, 1994). "Goodyear's bad year turns around in odd race (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 11. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  28. Miller, Robin (July 31, 1995). "Pruett charges to first triumph (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 9. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  29. Miller, Robin (July 31, 1995). "Pruett charges to first triumph (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 10. Retrieved March 11, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  30. Miller, Robin (July 29, 1996). "Ribeiro dodges obstacles to win Marlboro 500 (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 25. Retrieved March 15, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  31. Miller, Robin (July 29, 1996). "Ribeiro dodges obstacles to win Marlboro 500 (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 26. Retrieved March 15, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  32. Miller, Robin (July 28, 1997). "Zanardi serves time, notice (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 15. Retrieved March 17, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  33. Miller, Robin (July 28, 1997). "Zanardi serves time, notice (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 16. Retrieved March 17, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  34. Glick, Shav (July 27, 1998). "Three spectators die at U.S. 500". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 20, 2012.
  35. Miller, Robin (July 27, 1998). "Moore's timing is terrific (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 15. Retrieved March 17, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  36. Miller, Robin (July 27, 1998). "Moore's timing is terrific (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 16. Retrieved March 17, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  37. Miller, Robin (July 26, 1999). "2 drivers earn win; only 1 hits line first (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 19. Retrieved March 14, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  38. Miller, Robin (July 26, 1999). "2 drivers earn win; only 1 hits line first (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 29. Retrieved March 14, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  39. Miller, Robin (July 24, 2000). "Youth conquers experience as Montoya slips by Andretti (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 19. Retrieved April 18, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  40. Miller, Robin (July 24, 2000). "Youth conquers experience as Montoya slips by Andretti (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 21. Retrieved April 18, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  41. Ballard, Steve (July 23, 2001). "CART gives Michigan one final race to remember (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 21. Retrieved April 18, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  42. Ballard, Steve (July 23, 2001). "CART gives Michigan one final race to remember (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 28. Retrieved April 18, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  43. Cavin, Curt (July 29, 2002). "Finally, Scheckter delivers a victory (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 21. Retrieved March 16, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  44. Cavin, Curt (July 29, 2002). "Finally, Scheckter delivers a victory (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 29. Retrieved March 16, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  45. Cavin, Curt (July 28, 2003). "Barron squeezed out win in photo finish (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 21. Retrieved March 16, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  46. Cavin, Curt (July 28, 2003). "Barron squeezed out win in photo finish (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 30. Retrieved March 16, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  47. Cavin, Curt (August 2, 2004). "Peculiar strategy costs Kaanan win (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 31. Retrieved March 23, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  48. Cavin, Curt (August 2, 2004). "Peculiar strategy costs Kaanan win (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 38. Retrieved March 23, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  49. Cavin, Curt (August 1, 2005). "Herta joins team's victory parade (Part 1)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 23. Retrieved March 23, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  50. Cavin, Curt (August 1, 2005). "Herta joins team's victory parade (Part 2)". The Indianapolis Star. p. 28. Retrieved March 23, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  51. Cavin, Curt (July 31, 2006). "Castroneves makes his move". The Indianapolis Star. p. 10. Retrieved March 23, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
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