Windows Virtual PC

This article is about the virtualization software by Microsoft. For the generic term, see Virtual machine.
Windows Virtual PC

Windows Virtual PC running Windows XP on a Windows 7 host
Developer(s) Microsoft
Initial release September 19, 2009 (2009-09-19)[1]
Stable release 6.1.7600.16393 / February 14, 2011 (2011-02-14)[1]
Operating system Windows 7 (all editions except Starter)[2]
Size 32-bit: 9.1 MB
64-bit: 16.3 MB[1]
Type Virtual machine
License Freeware[1]
Website www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=3702

Windows Virtual PC (successor to Microsoft Virtual PC 2007, Microsoft Virtual PC 2004, and Connectix Virtual PC) is a virtualization program for Microsoft Windows. In July 2006 Microsoft released the Windows version as a free product.[3] In August 2006 Microsoft announced the Macintosh version would not be ported to Intel-based Macintosh computers, effectively discontinuing the product as PowerPC-based Macintosh computers are no longer manufactured. The newest release, Windows Virtual PC, does not run on versions of Windows earlier than Windows 7, and does not officially support MS-DOS or operating systems earlier than Windows XP Professional SP3 as guests.[2] The older versions, which support a wider range of host and guest operating systems, remain available. Starting with Windows 8, Hyper-V supersedes Windows Virtual PC.

Virtual PC virtualizes a standard IBM PC compatible device and its associated hardware. Supported Windows operating systems can run inside Virtual PC. Other operating systems such as Linux may run, but are not officially supported, and Microsoft does not provide the necessary "Virtual Machine Additions" (which include essential drivers) for Linux.[4]

History

Connectix Virtual PC, Microsoft Virtual PC 2004, Microsoft Virtual PC 2007, and Windows Virtual PC are successive versions of the same software. Windows Virtual PC runs only on Windows 7 and only supports running Windows XP Professional and later. The earlier Microsoft versions which run on older versions of Windows are still available and support operating systems older than Windows XP. Microsoft then replaced this with Hyper-V.

Virtual PC by Connectix

Connectix Virtual PC version 3 in Mac OS 9, running a Brazilian Portuguese edition of Windows 95

Virtual PC was originally developed as a Macintosh application for System 7.5 and released by Connectix in June 1997.[5] The first version of Virtual PC designed for Windows-based systems, version 4.0, was released in June 2001. Connectix sold versions of Virtual PC bundled with a variety of guest operating systems, including Windows, OS/2, and Red Hat Linux. As virtualization's importance to enterprise users became clear, Microsoft took interest in the sector and acquired Virtual PC and Virtual Server (unreleased at the time) from Connectix in February 2003.

Virtual PC 4 requires Mac OS 8.5 or later on a G3 or G4 processor, but running Windows ME, Windows 2000 or Red Hat Linux requires Mac OS 9.0 or later. Virtual PC 4 was the first version with expandable drive images.

Virtual PC 5 requires Mac OS 9.1 or newer or Mac OS X 10.1 or later. For USB support, Mac OS X is recommended. To run Virtual PC 5 in Mac OS X, a 400 MHz or faster processor is required.

Earlier versions of Virtual PC supported the following features: (now removed in Microsoft Virtual PC 2004, 2007, and Windows Virtual PC):

Under agreement with Connectix, Innotek GmbH (makers of VirtualBox, now part of Oracle) ported version 5.0 to run on an OS/2 host.[6] This version also included guest extensions (VM additions) for OS/2 guests, which could run on Windows, OS/2 or Mac OS X hosts using Virtual PC versions 5, 6 or 7. A new version of the guest extensions was later included with Microsoft's Virtual PC 2004.

Microsoft Virtual PC

Virtual PC 6.1 for Macintosh
Virtual PC 2007 running the Live CD OS Knoppix

On July 12, 2006, Microsoft released Virtual PC 2004 SP1 for Windows free of charge, but the Mac version was not made free. The equivalent version for Mac, version 7, was the final version of Virtual PC for Mac. It ran on Mac OS X 10.2.8 or later for PowerPC and was a proprietary commercial software product.[7]

Virtual PC 2007 was released only for the Windows platform, with public beta testing beginning October 11, 2006, and production release on February 19, 2007. It added support for hardware virtualization, viewing virtual machines on multiple monitors and support for Windows Vista as both host and guest. (The Windows Aero interface is disabled on Windows Vista guests due to limitations of the emulated video hardware; however, Aero effects can be rendered by connecting to the guest via Remote Desktop Services from an Aero-enabled Windows Vista host, provided that the guest is running Windows Vista Business or a higher edition.)[8]

On May 15, 2008, Microsoft released Virtual PC 2007 Service Pack 1, which added support for both Windows XP SP3 and Windows Vista SP1 as guest and host OSes, as well as Windows Server 2008 Standard as a guest OS.[9][10] A hotfix rollup for Virtual PC 2007 SP1, released February 20, 2009, solved networking issues and enhanced the maximum screen resolution to 2048×1920 (32-bit),[11] enabling 16:9 resolutions such as 1920×1080. A security update was released on July 14, 2009 to address an elevation of privilege vulnerability in guest operating systems.[12]

Release dates of Microsoft Virtual PC 2007
Date Version Description
2006-10-11 6.0.122 Beta
2007-01-02 6.0.142 Release Candidate 1
2007-02-22 6.0.156 Release to Manufacturing
2008-05-15 6.0.192 Service Pack 1[13]
2009-02-20 6.0.210 Update[14]
2009-07-14 N/A Security Update MS09-33[15]

Windows Virtual PC

Windows Virtual PC entered public beta testing on April 30, 2009,[16] and was released alongside Windows 7.[17] Unlike its predecessors, this version supports only Windows 7 host operating systems.[2] It originally required hardware virtualization support but on March 19, 2010, Microsoft released an update to Microsoft Virtual PC which allows it to run on PCs without hardware support.[1]

Windows Virtual PC is available free of charge for certain editions of Windows 7,[2] either pre-installed by OEMs or via download from the Microsoft website.[1]

New features

New features include:[18]

Removed features

System requirements

System requirements for Windows Virtual PC:[29][30]

Windows XP Mode

Internet Explorer versions 6, 7, and 8 run concurrently on a Windows 7 Release Candidate desktop using Windows XP Mode.

Windows XP Mode (XPM)[31][32] is a virtual machine package for Windows Virtual PC containing a pre-installed, licensed copy of Windows XP Professional with Service Pack 3 as its guest OS. Previously, both the CPU and motherboard of the host had to support hardware virtualization,[4] but an update in early 2010 eliminated this requirement.[33] Pre-installed integration components allow applications running within the virtualized environment to appear as if running directly on the host,[17][34] sharing the native desktop and Start Menu of Windows 7 as well as participating in file type associations. Windows XP Mode applications run in a Terminal Services session in the virtualized Windows XP, and are accessed via Remote Desktop Protocol by a client running on the Windows 7 host.[35]

Applications running in Windows XP Mode do not have compatibility issues, as they are actually running inside a Windows XP virtual machine and redirected using RDP to the Windows 7 host. Windows XP Mode may be used to run 16-bit applications; it includes NTVDM, although it might be impossible to run 16-bit applications that require hardware acceleration, as Windows Virtual PC does not have hardware acceleration.

Windows XP Mode is available free of charge to users of Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate.[30] Users of other editions of Windows 7 are not eligible to download and use it.[33][36] This restriction does not apply to Windows Virtual PC itself.

Windows XP Mode can also be run with the VMware Player and VMware Workstation. However, VMware products only import Windows XP Mode on Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, or Ultimate to adhere with Microsoft licensing requirements.[37]

Emulated environment

Virtual PC emulates the following environments:[38]

Implementation:

Earlier versions of Virtual PC supported the following features: (now removed in Microsoft Virtual PC 2004, 2007, and Windows Virtual PC):

Virtual machine integration components

Windows Virtual PC may enable guest operating systems running inside virtual machines to interact with their host operating system beyond what is feasible between two physical computers, such as sharing physical hardware components or exchanging data. To do so however, integration components must be installed on the guest operating systems. When no integration component is installed, the only mean of communicating between two machines (either virtual or physical) is through a virtual network interface. Even the mouse cursor can only be controlled by one operating system (either real or virtual) at any given time. However, once the Integration Components are installed on the guest operating systems, the following features are automatically activated:[39]

In addition to features described above, guest operating systems may also take advantage of the following integration features but only when the administrator activates them:[39]

In Windows Virtual PC, enabling integration features automatically makes the virtual machine user account accessible using Remote Desktop Connection.[39]

Supported host and guest operating systems

Virtual PC allows multiple guest operating systems to run virtualized on a single physical host. Although a number of popular host and guest operating systems lack official Microsoft support, there are sometimes few, if any, technical obstacles impeding installation. Instead, a configuration may be unsupported due to Microsoft's own licensing restrictions,[41][42] or a decision to focus testing and support resources elsewhere, especially when production use of a legacy product fades.[43][44]

A program manager on Microsoft's core virtualization team explains what official support entails:

With each release of Virtual PC we spend a significant amount of time trying to decide which (guest) operating system should be officially supported. While Virtual PC is capable of running many operating systems, official support for an operating system means that we will test it thoroughly, not ship Virtual PC if an issue exists with that operating system, and provide full support for customers who encounter problems while running these operating systems under Virtual PC.[43]
— Ben Armstrong, "Virtual PC Guy"

As a product positioned for desktop use, Virtual PC provides official support for a different set of operating systems than its server-oriented counterpart, Microsoft Virtual Server and the more advanced Hyper-V.[45][46] While the latter products support a range of server operating systems,[47][48] Virtual PC 2007 supports only one variety as host and another as guest;[49] its successor, Windows Virtual PC, supports none.[50] And, whereas Virtual Server and Hyper-V have officially supported select Linux guests since 2006[51] and 2008,[52] respectively, as of 2009, no Microsoft release of Virtual PC has officially supported Linux. Nonetheless, a number of Linux distributions[52] do run successfully in Virtual PC 2007, and can be used with the Virtual Machine Additions from Virtual Server (see below).[53][54] Lastly, while 64-bit host support was introduced with Virtual PC 2007, no release has been able to virtualize a 64-bit guest;[55][56][57] Microsoft has thus far reserved this functionality for Hyper-V, which runs only on 64-bit (x64) editions of Windows Server 2008.[47][58]

Table of supported operating systems

In the following table and notes, "support" refers to official Microsoft support, as described above.

Virtual PC 2004
[59][60][46][61][62]		 Virtual PC 2007
[49][63][64]		 Windows Virtual PC
[50][65][66][67]
Operating system Host Guest Host Guest Host Guest
32-bit 64-bit 32-bit 32-bit 64-bit 32-bit 32-bit 64-bit 32-bit
Windows 10 No No No No No No No No No
Windows 8.1 No No No No No No No No No
Windows 8 No No No No No No No No No
Windows 7 Ultimate No No No No[δ] No[δ] No[δ] Yes Yes Yes
Windows 7 Enterprise No No No No[δ] No[δ] No[δ] Yes Yes Yes
Windows 7 Professional No No No No[δ] No[δ] No[δ] Yes Yes Yes
Windows 7 Home Premium No No No No No No Yes[I] Yes[I] Yes[J]
Windows 7 Home Basic No No No No No No Yes[I] Yes[I] Yes[J]
Windows 7 Starter No N/A No No N/A No No N/A No[J]
Windows Server 2008 Standard No No No No No Yes[E] No No No
Windows Vista Ultimate No No No Yes Yes Yes[D][G] No No Yes
Windows Vista Enterprise No No No Yes Yes Yes[D][G] No No Yes
Windows Vista Business No No No Yes Yes Yes[D][G] No No Yes
Windows Vista Home Premium No No No Yes[H] Yes[H] Yes[D][F] No No No[J]
Windows Vista Home Basic No No No Yes[H] Yes[H] Yes[F] No No No[J]
Windows Vista Starter No N/A No No N/A Yes No N/A No[J]
Windows Server 2003 Standard Yes[B] No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No
Windows XP Professional Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Yes N/A Yes Yes N/A Yes No N/A No[J]
Windows XP Media Center Edition No N/A No[γ] No N/A No No N/A No[J]
Windows XP Home Edition No N/A Yes Yes[H] N/A Yes[H] No N/A No[J]
Windows XP Starter Edition No N/A Yes No N/A Yes No N/A No[J]
Windows 2000 Server No N/A Yes No N/A Yes No N/A No
Windows 2000 Professional Yes N/A Yes No N/A Yes No N/A No
Windows Me No N/A Yes No N/A No[C] No N/A No
Windows 98 Second Edition No N/A Yes No N/A Yes No N/A No
Windows 98 (original release) No N/A Yes No N/A No[C] No N/A No
Windows 95 No N/A Yes No N/A No[C][β] No N/A No
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation No N/A Yes No N/A No[C] No N/A No
Windows NT 3.51 Workstation No N/A No No N/A No No N/A No
Windows NT 3.1 | NT 3.5 No N/A No[ε] No N/A No[ε] No N/A No
IBM OS/2 (select editions) No N/A Yes[A] No N/A Yes[A] No N/A No
16-bit 16-bit 16-bit 16-bit 16-bit 16-bit
Windows 3.1 No No[68] No No No No
Windows 3.0 No No No No[C][α] No No
MS-DOS 6.22 No Yes No No[C][α] No No
LEGEND
Microsoft support
Yes Supported
No Not supported
N/A Version nonexistent

Notes – Details of Microsoft support

  1. 1 2 Supported editions: OS/2 Warp Version 4 Fix Pack 15, OS/2 Warp Convenience Pack 1, and OS/2 Warp Convenience Pack 2.[49][59][63]
  2. 1 Support added in Virtual PC 2004 Service Pack 1 (SP1) for Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition as a host.[60]
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 For Virtual PC 2007, Microsoft designated the following legacy operating systems "compatible", but discontinued official support: MS-DOS 6.22, Windows NT 4.0 Workstation, Windows 95, the original release of Windows 98 and Windows Me.[49][63]
  4. 1 2 3 4 For Windows Vista guests in Virtual PC 2007, the Windows Aero graphical user interface is disabled due to limitations of the emulated S3 Trio[69] graphics card; the interface falls back to the Vista Home Basic theme. However, Aero effects can be rendered by connecting to the guest via Remote Desktop Connection from an Aero-enabled host.[8][70]
  5. 1 Support added in Virtual PC 2007 Service Pack 1 (SP1) for Windows Server 2008 Standard as a guest.[49]
  6. 1 2 Microsoft's January 2008 EULA supplement[42][71] for Windows Vista lifted restrictions[72][73] barring installation of Vista Home Basic and Home Premium as guest operating systems.[41][74][75][76]
  7. 1 2 3 January 2008 EULA supplement[42][71] for Windows Vista lifted restrictions[73] barring use of BitLocker[77][78][79] and Microsoft-DRM-protected content within virtualized environments.[41][76][80]
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Support added in a Virtual PC 2007 Service Pack 1 (SP1) hotfix rollup, dated February 20, 2009, for Windows XP Home as both host and guest, and for all Home editions of Windows Vista as hosts.[64]
  9. 1 2 3 4 The pre-configured XP Mode of Windows Virtual PC is restricted to Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate hosts.[65] However, an equivalent environment can be configured manually by installing Windows XP SP3 as a guest (requires an XP license and installation media or files) and applying an integration components update (available for download[81] from Microsoft) to enable seamless mode and other Windows 7 integration features.[82]
  10. ^ The integration components enabling seamless mode and other features[82] of Windows Virtual PC support only the following guests: Windows XP Pro Service Pack 3 (SP3);[81] Windows Vista Business SP1, Enterprise SP1, and Ultimate SP1;[83] and Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate.[50][65]

Notes – Not supported installations

  1. 1 Virtual PC 2007 does not include Virtual Machine Additions for MS-DOS as a self installing disk image (installed using a batch file), however the files are included in the Virtual Machine Additions ISO image file (typically found in the 'Program Files' folder where Virtual PC was installed) and can be extracted by various means (a number of file compression software packages support extracting files from ISO image files) for manual installation, also the DOS additions from Virtual PC 2004 can be used without problem as can the DOS additions from Virtual Server 2005.[44]
  2. 1 The Virtual Machine Additions included with Virtual PC 2007 will not install on Windows 95 guests, but the additions from Virtual PC 2004 can be used.[43]
  3. 1 In informal testing, Microsoft virtualization manager Ben Armstrong found XP Media Center 2004 "distorted and unusable" under Virtual PC 2004, but Media Center 2005 worked "beautifully", sans TV features.[84]
  4. 1 2 3 MSDN blogs report that pre-release versions of Windows 7, similar to the forthcoming Ultimate edition,[85] run successfully as both host and guest operating systems on Virtual PC 2007 Service Pack 1 (SP1). Integration features provided by Virtual Machine Additions function normally, but Virtual PC 2007 must be SP1 or later.[86][87][88] See "Windows 7 on Virtual PC on Windows 7"[86] for more caveats.
  5. 1 2 Although Windows NT 3.1 and NT 3.5 refuse to install on newer processors (NT 3.51 fixes this), it is possible to modify files on the install CD to allow install.

Linux guests

Installing a Linux-based guest environment in Virtual PC is possible. RedHat and SuSe Linux guests are supported. Linux additions are supported in Microsoft Virtual Server, and these additions should also work in Virtual PC.[53]

Some Linux distributions must be installed in text mode, as they do not support Microsoft Virtual PC's emulated graphics chip. Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex) must be installed in SafeMode, but does not require other changes.

Some websites specialize in listing operating systems that run successfully as Virtual PC guests, to help users avoid issues when installing Linux distributions or other operating systems lacking official Microsoft support.[89]

Intel-based Mac support

Microsoft announced on August 7, 2006, that Virtual PC for Mac would not be ported to the Intel Mac platform. Microsoft stated, "Alternative solutions offered by Apple and other vendors, combined with a fully packaged retail copy of Windows, will satisfy this need."[90] Similar products available or announced at the time were Parallels Desktop and VMware Fusion.

See also

About Microsoft virtualization technology
About virtualization

References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 "Description of Virtual PC for Windows 7". Microsoft support. Microsoft. April 1, 2010. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
  3. ↑ "Virtual PC is free!". July 12, 2006. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
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  12. ↑ "Microsoft Security Bulletin MS09-033 - Important: Vulnerability in Virtual PC and Virtual Server Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (969856)". Microsoft. July 14, 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
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  71. 1 2 "Microsoft Software Supplemental License Terms" (PDF). Microsoft Use Terms. Microsoft. January 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
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  73. 1 2 Oiaga, Marius (January 22, 2008). "The Windows Vista Virtualization Doors Are Wide Opened". Softpedia News. Softpedia. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
  74. ↑ Microsoft Partner Program (March 2008). Licensing Reseller Handbook for Microsoft Partners (PDF). Microsoft. p. 58. Retrieved July 10, 2009. Windows Vista Home Basic and Windows Vista Home Premium cannot be used within a virtual (or otherwise emulated) hardware system. line feed character in |quote= at position 37 (help)
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