Milicz

Milicz
Main square
Flag Coat of arms
Milicz
Coordinates: 51°32′N 17°17′E / 51.533°N 17.283°E
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Lower Silesian
County	Milicz County
Gmina	Gmina Milicz
Government
• Mayor	Paweł Wybierała
Area
• Total	13.50 km^2 (5.21 sq mi)
Population (2006)
• Total	12,004
• Density	890/km^2 (2,300/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	56-300
Car plates	DMI
Website	http://www.milicz.pl

Milicz [ˈmilit͡ʂ] (German: Militsch) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Milicz County, and of the smaller administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Milicz.

Geography

It is situated in the historic Lower Silesia region, near the border with Greater Poland. The town centre is located on the Barycz river, about 55 kilometres (34 mi) north of the regional capital Wrocław. From 1975–98 Milicz belonged to Wrocław Voivodeship.

The Milicz Ponds, an important habitat and breeding ground for water birds, are a nature reserve established 1963 and protected under the Ramsar convention. Since 1996 they also formed part of a larger protected area known as the Barycz Valley Landscape Park.

As at 2006, the town has a population of 12,004.

History

A settlement at the site was possibly established in the 11th century. Milich Castle was first mentioned in an 1136 deed by Pope Innocent II as a property of the cathedral chapter of the Diocese of Wrocław. The name possibly refers to a legendary founder or is derived from Polish: miły, "pleasant", "friendly". It is listed as a possession of the Polish Archdiocese of Gniezno in an 1154 deed issued by Pope Adrian IV, it is later also mentioned under the Latin name Milicium in a 1249 document by Duke Przemysł I of Greater Poland. The Polish name Mylicz first appeared in the Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis (Book of endowments of the Bishopric of Wrocław) manuscript written about 1305 at the behest of Bishop Henry of Wierzbnej.

Ruins of Milicz Castle

Upon the death of Prince Bolesław III Wrymouth in 1138, Milicz became part of the Polish Duchy of Silesia, ruled by Duke Bolesław I the Tall from 1163, and was the seat of a castellany. The citizens received town privileges in 1245. In 1294 the area was conquered by Duke Henry III of Głogów and from 1313 belonged to the Silesian Duchy of Oels (Oleśnica), which itself became a Bohemian fiefdom in 1329. In 1358 the Wrocław bishops finally sold their Milicz estates to the Piast duke Konrad I, whose successors had a Gothic castle built. The Oleśnica dukes held the town until in 1492 the line became extinct and the duchy was finally seized as an expired fief by the Bohemian Crown. In 1494 King Vladislas II of Bohemia granted Milicz to his chamberlain Sigismund Kurzbach, who installed the autonomous Silesian state country of Milicz and Żmigród (Trachenberg). The Milicz part was acquired by the Maltzan noble family in 1590.

Militsch was conquered by the Kingdom of Prussia upon the First Silesian War in 1742, and was part of the German Empire from 1871. When after World War I the Greater Polish portions of eastern Germany were ceded to form the renascent nation of Poland, the town ended up close to the Polish border. Conquered by the Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive, it was awarded to the Republic of Poland in 1945 after Nazi Germany's final defeat in World War II, and the remaining German-speaking population was expelled.

Sights

St Andrew Bobola Church

Milicz is the site of one of the six Churches of Grace, which the Silesian Protestants were allowed to build with the permission of Habsburg emperor Joseph I, also King of Bohemia, given at the Altranstädt Convention of 1707. The half-timbered house of worship finished in 1714 today serves as Catholic parish church dedicated to Saint Andrew Bobola.

Milicz Palace

The castle of the Oleśnica dukes erected in the 14th century was destroyed in World War II. The Maltzan dynasty left a Late Baroque-Neoclassical palace erected in 1798 with an English garden, the first in Silesia. Since 1963 the building is the seat of a secondary forestry college.

Notable people

• Hermann Wassertrilling (Hirsch Wassertrilling), rabbi from Boskovice, was active here in the 19th century.
• Edwin Graf von Rothkirch und Trach (1888–1980), officer and show jumping rider.
• Maria von Maltzan (1909–1997), resistance fighter. The later Generalfeldmarschall Walther von Reichenau married her niece at the Militsch church in 1919.
• Damian Wojtaszek (born 1988), volleyball player.

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Milicz is twinned with:

• Lohr am Main, Germany, since 2001
• Gniew, Poland
• Springe, Germany

External links

• Jewish Community in Milicz on Virtual Shtetl

Coordinates: 51°32′N 17°17′E / 51.533°N 17.283°E