Millicent Fenwick

Millicent Fenwick
United States Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture
In office June 13, 1983 – March 20, 1987
President	Ronald Reagan
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Fred Eckert
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New Jersey's 5th district
In office January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1983
Preceded by	Peter Frelinghuysen
Succeeded by	Marge Roukema
Member of the New Jersey General Assembly
In office 1970–1973
Personal details
Born	Millicent Vernon Hammond February 25, 1910 New York City, New York, U.S.
Died	September 16, 1992 (aged 82) Bernardsville, New Jersey, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Hugh Fenwick (1932–1945)
Children	Mary Hugh
Alma mater	Columbia University New School

Millicent Vernon Hammond Fenwick (February 25, 1910 – September 16, 1992) was an American fashion editor, politician and diplomat. A four-term Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey, she entered politics late in life and was renowned for her energy and colorful enthusiasm. She was regarded as a moderate and progressive within her party and was outspoken in favor of civil rights and the women's movement. She was considered the inspiration behind Lacey Davenport, a fictional character in Garry Trudeau's comic strip Doonesbury.

Early life

Born Millicent Vernon Hammond, she was the middle of three children born to renowned politician and later Ambassador to Spain, Ogden Haggerty Hammond (October 13, 1869 – October 29, 1956) of Louisville, Kentucky and his first wife, Mary Picton Stevens (May 16, 1885 – May 7, 1915) of Hoboken, New Jersey.^[1][2] Her paternal grandparents were General John Henry Hammond (June 30, 1833 – April 30, 1890), who served as chief of staff for William Tecumseh Sherman during the Vicksburg Campaign,^[3] and Sophia Vernon Wolfe (1842 – May 20, 1923), daughter of Nathaniel Wolfe, a lawyer and legislator from Louisville.^[4] Her maternal grandparents were John Stevens (July 1856 – January 21, 1895), oldest son of Stevens Institute of Technology founder Edwin Augustus Stevens and grandson of inventor John Stevens, and Mary Marshall McGuire (May 4, 1850 – May 2, 1905).^[5][6][7]

She had a sister, Mary Stevens Hammond, and a brother, Ogden H. Hammond, Jr. When Millicent was 5 years old, her mother perished in the sinking of the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania, which her father survived. He remarried two years later, to Marguerite McClure Howland, and by that marriage Fenwick had a stepbrother, McClure (Mac) Howland.^[8]

She was a cousin of John Hammond, the well-known record producer.

Raised in comfortable circumstances in Bernardsville, New Jersey, she attended the exclusive Nightingale-Bamford School in nearby Manhattan, Foxcroft School and college at Columbia University and the New School for Social Research. She married and divorced, and modeled briefly for Harper's Bazaar, then worked as a writer and editor at Vogue magazine for 14 years with a wardrobe and style to match the position. In 1948 she compiled Vogue's Book of Etiquette, which sold a million copies.^[9]

In 1931, Millicent Hammond met Hugh McLeod Fenwick (February 17, 1905 – July 24, 1991), who was already married to the former Dorothy Ledyard, the daughter of New York attorney Lewis Cass Ledyard. He divorced his wife to marry Millicent on June 11, 1932. They had two children, Mary Stevens Fenwick (born February 25, 1934, died 1987) and Hugh Hammond Fenwick (born January 28, 1937; died 2002),^[10] but separated a few years later and were divorced in 1945. Hugh Fenwick remarried while Millicent Fenwick did not.

Political career

Local and State Office

During the 1950s, Fenwick became involved in politics via the Civil Rights Movement. Often described as being blessed with exceptional intelligence, striking good looks, and a keen wit,^[11] she rose rapidly in the ranks of the Republican Party. She was elected to the Bernardsville Borough Council in 1957, serving until 1964, and around the same time was appointed to the New Jersey Committee of the United States Commission on Civil Rights, on which she served from 1958 to 1974. She was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly in 1969, serving from 1970 to 1973, when she left the Legislature to become director of the New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs under Governor William T. Cahill.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elected to Congress from New Jersey in 1974 aged 64, Fenwick became a media favorite during her four terms in the House of Representatives. Television commentator Walter Cronkite called her "the conscience of Congress." She was known for her opposition to corruption by both parties and special interest groups. She was one of the most liberal Republicans in the House. Fenwick was also instrumental in establishing the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), which oversaw the implementation of the Helsinki Accords, which covered relations between states and human rights across Europe.

Despite her upper-class, society girl background, Fenwick went to Washington with a tough, blue collar work ethic. Virtually any night, hours after typical congressmen had headed out for dinner and home, she stayed working in her Capitol Hill office, and always was willing to answer reporters' questions about her actions.^[12]

Once, when a conservative male Congressman attacked a piece of women's rights legislation by saying, "I’ve always thought of women as kissable, cuddly, and smelling good," Fenwick responded, "That’s what I’ve always thought about men, and I hope for your sake that you haven’t been disappointed as many times as I’ve been."^[11]

Candidate for U.S. Senator

In 1982, she ran for a United States Senate seat, and defeated conservative Jeffrey Bell in the Republican primary. However, she then narrowly lost the general election to liberal Democratic businessman and Automatic Data Processing CEO Frank Lautenberg in a stunning defeat.^[8] Even Fenwick herself said in a subsequent interview, "I never expected to lose. I had no concession speech prepared, or anything. I never expected to lose."^[13] (In 2008, when Lautenberg was running for reelection to the Senate, his Republican opponents made an issue out of his age (84), arguing that he had voiced similar criticisms of the then-72-year-old Millicent Fenwick during the 1982 election campaign. Lautenberg denied having made an issue of Fenwick's age, saying he "only questioned her ability to do the job.")

Ambassador

After leaving the House of Representatives following the 1982 election, Fenwick was appointed by President Ronald Reagan as United States Ambassador to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome, Italy.^[14] She held this position from June 1983 to March 1987, when she retired from public life at the age of 77.

Later life

Fenwick died of heart failure in her home town of Bernardsville on September 16, 1992.^[9]

Fenwick was fluent in Italian, French and Spanish.^[9]

Fenwick is considered by some to be the model for the character of Lacey Davenport in Garry Trudeau's comic strip Doonesbury,^[9] although Trudeau insisted the character was modeled on no one in particular.^[15] Lacey Davenport first appeared several months before Fenwick was first elected to Congress.

Electoral history

• 1974 U.S. House
  • Millicent Fenwick (R), 53.4%
  • Frederick Bohen (D), 43.5%
• 1976 U.S. House
  • Millicent Fenwick (R), 66.9%
  • Frank Nero (D), 31.3%
• 1978 U.S. House
  • Millicent Fenwick (R), 72.6%
  • John Fahy (D), 27.4%
• 1980 U.S. House
  • Millicent Fenwick (R), 77.5%
  • Kieran Pillon, Jr. (D) 20.5%
• 1982 U.S. Senate
  • Frank Lautenberg (D), 51%
  • Millicent Fenwick (R), 48%

References

1. Ogden H. Hammond, The Lusitania Resource. Accessed August 9, 2008.
2. Mary Stevens Hammond, The Lusitania Resource. Accessed August 9, 2008.
3. Commemorative Biographical Record of the Upper Lake Region (1905), p. 5.
4. "Mrs. Sophia Hammond Dies In Paris". The New York Times. May 21, 1923. Accessed August 9, 2008.
5. The Cox Family in America (1912), p. 227.
6. "John Stevens". The New York Times. January 22, 1895. Accessed August 9, 2008.
7. "Mrs. Mary M. Stevens Hyde". The New York Times. May 3, 1905. Accessed August 9, 2008.
8. Shapiro, Amy. Millicent Fenwick: Her Way (2003).
9. Lambert, Bruce. "Millicent Fenwick, 82, Dies; Gave Character to Congress", The New York Times. September 17, 1992. Accessed March 21, 2011.
10. NY Times death notice
11. Chiasmus.com quote of the week mailing list archive for February 21–27 2004, accessed April 22, 2007]
12. According to Steve Sauro who covered Fenwick for WBIO, Parsippany, NJ and WRAN, Dover, NJ in the late 1970's.
13. Life and Career of Millicent Fenwick
14. United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture
15. Doonesbury FAQ

Further reading

• Schapiro, Amy. Millicent Fenwick: Her Way (2003).

External links

• MillicentFenwick.com
• Millicent Hammond Fenwick at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Millicent Hammond Fenwick Collection at the Carl Albert Center
• Millicent Fenwick at Find a Grave