Millicent Preston-Stanley

Millicent Preston-Stanley
Millicent Fanny Preston Stanley
Born	Sydney, Australia
Occupation	Politician

Millicent Preston-Stanley (9 September 1883 – 23 June 1955) was an Australian feminist, and politician who was the first female member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. In 1925 she became the second woman to enter government in Australia.¹ She was also among the first women in New South Wales to become Justices of the Peace and served as president of the Women Justices Association from 1923 to 1926.^[1] Throughout her life she advocated for women's rights, health reform, and temperance.^[2]

In 1925 Preston-Stanley became the first female member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, representing the Eastern Suburbs as a member of the Nationalist Party, one of the historic predecessor parties to today's Liberal Party. After a failed bid in the 1921 election she persevered and picked the seat up in 1925.^[3]

Early life

Millicent Fanny Stanley was born in Sydney in 1883. She was the daughter of Augustine Stanley, a greengrocer, and his wife Frances (née Preston). After her father deserted the family, her mother obtained a divorce and reverted to her birth name, which Millicent Fanny also adopted.^[4] She was actively involved in women's groups such as the Women's Liberal League and served as the president of the Feminist Club from 1919 to 1934 and from 1952 until her death in 1955.^[5][6]

Preston-Stanley married Crawford Vaughan, former Premier of South Australia, in 1934. She died in the Sydney suburb of Randwick.

Political life

Millicent Preston-Stanley served as the member for the Eastern Suburbs from 1925 to 1927, campaigning for maternal mortality, reform in child welfare, amendments to the Health Act and better housing.^[7]

She was president of the Feminist Club of New South Wales from 1919 to 1934, and again from 1936 to 1938.^[7] She also lobbied for the rights of mothers to custody of their children, family planning and sex education, a focus on maternal and child health, and for a chair of obstetrics at the medical school, sarcastically calling for "'Horses' rights for women" after the University of Sydney instead established a course in veterinary obstetrics.

Millicent Preston-Stanley was the president of the Feminist Club of New South Wales from 1919 through to 1934. The club was amongst the organisations that successfully lobbied for the introduction of the Women's Legal Status Act 1918 which entitled women to stand for election in the Lower House and local government, and to become Justices of the Peace.^[1]Millicent was one of the first women in New South Wales to be appointed a Justice of the Peace^[8]

A fervent supporter of the United Australia Party (UAP) — a precursor to the Liberal Party — Millicent Preston-Stanley brought the club to prominence in the 1930s. Under her leadership the club stood apart from many other women's organisations that existed in the period in that the latter — like the Australian Women's Guild of Empire — concerned themselves with matters revolving around home keeping, family, and religiosity. Their purpose was primarily evangelical, and social, helping to cultivate resources and gatherings for women to attend and exchange information and skills in craftwork like sewing, knitting and so forth.^[9] It was precisely the entrenched notion that politics did not form part of "women's concerns" that the feminist movement of the 1930s was sought to dislodge,^[10] and it was this apolitical focus that distinguished the women's organisations of the period from the Feminist Club of New South Wales. The Feminist Club's objective was "to secure equality of liberty, status and opportunity in all spheres between men and women.’^[11]

In parliament she campaigned on the issues of women's mortality in childbirth, child welfare, institutional care for the mentally ill, and custody rights in divorce.^[12]

She personally took up the cause of actress Emélie Polini, who failed to regain custody of her daughter Patricia when she returned to her native England. Though her private member's bill on equal custody rights failed she continued the campaign. She wrote a play Whose Child? based on this case.^[13]

She left parliament in 1927 after an electoral redistribution of the newly created seat of Bondi saw her defeated at the polls.^[14]

Notes

¹ Edith Cowan entered parliament in 1921; May Holman entered parliament two months before Millicent Preston-Stanley, but on the Opposition benches.

References

1. "Millicent Preston Stanley, MLA NSW 1925-27". Australian Women's History Forum. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
2. Radi, Heather. "Preston Stanley, Millicent Fanny (1883–1955)". Australian dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
3. "Miss Millicent Preston-Stanley (1883–1955)". Members of Parliament. Parliament of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
4. Rubie, Noel. "Millicent F. Preston-Stanley Vaughan 1883 – 1955". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
5. "1919 to 1929 – The Twenties". Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
6. Radi, Heather. "Preston Stanley, Millicent Fanny (1883–1955)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
7. Carey, Jane. "Preston-Stanley, Millicent (1883–1955)". NW Australian Women Biographical Entry. National Foundation for Australian Women. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
8. www.parliament.nsw.gov.au. First Woman Member of the NSW Parliament. Missing or empty |title= (help);
9. Castle, Josie; in Windschuttle, Elizabeth (ed.) (1980). Women, Class and History: Feminist Perspectives on Australia, 1788-1978. Melbourne, VIC: Dominion Press. pp. 287–307.
10. Foley, Meredith (1985). The Feminist Movement in New South Wales and Victoria, 1918-1938. Sydney: Thesis, University of Sydney. p. 5.
11. The Feminist Club of NSW (1939). The Feminist Club of NSW – Silver Jubilee Souvenir 1914-1939. Sydney: B.H. Macdougal. p. 1.
12. Parliamentary Education and Community Relations and Parliamentary Archives 6/99
13. "Music and the Theatre". The West Australian (Perth: National Library of Australia). 19 November 1932. p. 5. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
14. Parliament of New south wales, History Bulletin 6, women in the New South Wales Parliament