Ming conquest of Yunnan

Ming conquest of Yunnan
Part of the military conquests of the Ming dynasty
Date 1381-1382 Location Yunnan Result Ming victory[1]
Belligerents
Ming dynasty	Yuan remnants in Yunnan
Commanders and leaders
Hongwu Emperor Fu Youde Lan Yu Mu Ying	Basalawarmi
Strength
300,000 of Ming Han Chinese and Chinese Muslim troops	Thousands of Mongol and Chinese Muslim troops
Casualties and losses
	Thousands killed, hundreds of castrations

The Ming conquest of Yunnan was the final phase in the Chinese Ming dynasty expulsion of Mongol Yuan dynasty rule from China in the 1380s.

War

Muslim troops fought in both the Chinese Ming army and the Yuan Mongol army.

300,000 Han Chinese and Hui Muslim troops were dispatched to crush the Yuan remnants in Yunnan in 1381.

The Ming Chinese Muslim General Fu Youde led the attack on the Mongol and Yuan Muslim forces. Also fighting on the Ming side were Muslim Generals Mu Ying and Lan Yu, who led Ming loyalist Muslim troops against Yuan loyalist Muslims.^[2]

The Prince of Liang, Basalawarmi committed suicide on January 6, 1382, as the Ming dynasty Muslim troops overwhelmed the Yuan Mongol and Muslim forces. The Chinese Muslim troops loyal to the Ming dynasty then flooded Yunnan and colonized it. Mu Ying and his Muslim troops were given hereditary status as military garrisons of the Ming dynasty, and remained in the province.^[3]

The Ming Muslim Generals Lan Yu and Fu Youde castrated 380 captured Mongol and Muslim captives after the war.^[4] This led to many of them becoming eunuchs and serving the Ming Emperor.^[5] One of the eunuchs was Zheng He.^[6]

Han Chinese soldiers also crushed the rebellion. The Han then married Han, Miao, and Yao women, their descendants are called "Tunbao", in contrast to newer Han Chinese colonists who moved to Yunnan in later centuries. The Tunbao still live in Yunnan today.^[7]

See also

• Ming military campaign against Naghachu

References

1. Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (26 February 1988). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Cambridge University Press. pp. 144–. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2.
2. Tan Ta Sen, Dasheng Chen (2009). Cheng Ho and Islam in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 170. ISBN 981-230-837-7. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
3. Michael Dillon (1999). China's Muslim Hui community: migration, settlement and sects. Richmond: Curzon Press. p. 34. ISBN 0-7007-1026-4. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
4. Journal of Asian history, Volume 25. O. Harrassowitz. 1991. p. 127. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
5. Shih-shan Henry Tsai (1996). The eunuchs in the Ming dynasty. SUNY Press. p. 14. ISBN 0-7914-2687-4. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
6. Shoujiang Mi, Jia You (2004). Islam in China. 五洲传播出版社. p. 37. ISBN 7-5085-0533-6. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
7. James Stuart Olson (1998). An ethnohistorical dictionary of China. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 340. ISBN 0-313-28853-4. Retrieved 2010-06-28.