Mirza Muhammad Rafi Sauda

Cover of the 1872 translation of the works of Mirza Muhammad Rafi Sauda

Mirza Muhammad Rafi 'Sauda' (1713–1781) (Urdu: مرزا محمد رفیع سودا ) was an Urdu poet in Delhi, India. He is known for his Ghazals and Urdu Qasidas.[1]

Biography

He was born in 1713 [2] in Shahjahanabad (i.e. Old Delhi), where he was also brought up.[3][4] At the age of 60 or 66, he moved to Farrukhabad (with Nawab Bangash),[2] and lived there from 1757 to about 1770.[3][5] In A.H. 1185 [1771–72] he moved to court of Nawab of Awadh (then in Faizabad) and remained there till his death.[3] When Lucknow became state capital, he came there with Nawab Shujauddaula.[4]

He died in A.H. 1195 [1780–81] in Lucknow.[3][2][6]

Ustads and shagirds

Sulaimān Qulī Ḳhān 'Vidād' and Shāh Ḥātim were his Ustads (teachers of Urdu poetry).[2][7] King Shah Alam was Shagird (student of Urdu poetry) of Sauda.[2] He was also Ustad of Shujauddaulla. Nawab Āṣif ud-Daulah gave him title of Malkushshu'ara and annual pension of Rs 6,000.[2]

Works

Initially he composed in Persian, but switched to Urdu on the advice of his ustad, Ḳhān-e Ārzū.[2] His work was translated in 1872 by Major Henry Court, Captain, Bengal Cavalry.[8] Kulliyat of Sauda was compiled by Ḥakīm Sayyid Aṣlaḥ. ud-Dīn Ḳhān wrote the introduction.[2] List of Sauda's work from his Kulliyat are:[9]

Some ashaar of Sauda

1.

kisii ka dard-e-dil pyaare tumhaara naaz kya samjhe

jo guzre said ke dil par use shahbaaz kya samajhe

 Sauda

2.

badla tere sitam ka koii tujhse kya kare

apana hii tu farefta howe, kh.uda kare

 Sauda

3.

shama-roo kahna use Sauda hai taareeki-e-aql

shama ka aks uske aariz par kalaf hai maah kaa

 Sauda

4.

ishq zarra bhii agar ho to use kam mat jaan

hoke shola hii bujhe hai ye sharaar aakh.irkaar

 Sauda

5.

mulaayam ho gayiin birah kii saa'itein karDiyaan

pahar kaTne lage unbin jinhon bin kaaTtii gharDiyaan

 Sauda

6.

ye rutbaa jaah-e-duniya ka nahiin kam kisii maalzaadii se

ki is par roz-o-shab mein saikarDo charDhte-utarate hain

 Sauda

7.

nai bulbul-e-chaman na gul-e-naudmeeda hoon

main mausam-e-bahaar mein shaakh.-e-bareeda hoon

giriyaan na shakl-e-sheesha wa kh.anda na tarz-e-jaam
is maikade ke beech abas aafreeda hoon

 Sauda

8.

cheez kya hoon jo karein qatl wo aMkhiyaan mujhko

phir gaye dekh ke muMh kh.anzar-e-mizgaan mujhko

 Sauda

9.

gada dast-e-ahl-e-karam dekhte hain

ham apna hii dam aur qadam dekhte hain

 Sauda

10.

shaikh. ne us but ko jis kooche mein dekha shaam ko

le charag ab DhooMrDhe hai waan ta-sehar islaam ko

 Sauda

11.

tabee'at se faromaya kee sher-e-tar nahiin hota

jo aab-e-chaah ka qatra hai wo gauhar nahiin hota

talaash-e-khijr bahr-e-manzil-e-maqsad na kar Sauda
koii khudraftagii se raahbar behtar nahiin hota

 Sauda

12.

saawan ke baadalon kii tarah se bhare hu'e

ye wo nayan hain jinse ki jangal hare hu'e

 Sauda

13.

kuwwat-e-namiya leti hai nabaataat ka arz

daal se paat tak phool se lekar ta phal

 Sauda

References

  1. "A Shahr-ashob of Sauda, translated by Mark Pegors" (PDF). Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Aab-e hayaat (1880) on Sauda". Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Chapter 2 of Three Mughal Poets: Mir Sauda, Mir Hasan*, by Ralph Russell and Khurshidul Islam (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968)" (PDF). Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  4. 1 2 Frances Pritchett. "Introduction of Selections from the Kulliyat of Sauda, by Major Henry Court, 1872". Columbia.edu. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  5. To be more precise, some time between A.H. 1183 (A.D. 1769–1770) and A.H. 1185 (A.D. 1771–1772). Cf. Shaikh Cand, pp. 55–56
  6. An Urdu chronogram by Faḳhr ud-Dīn; Persian chronograms by Muṣḥafī and Mīr Qamar ud-Dīn 'Minnat'.
  7. "Azad, Muhammad Husain Ab-i hayat: yani mashahir shura-yi Urdu ke savanih umri aur zaban-i mazkur ki ahd ba ahd ki taraqqiyon aur islahon ka bayan. Lahor: Naval Kishor 1907". Dsal.uchicago.edu. 8 April 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  8. Frances Pritchett. "Selections from the Kulliyat of Sauda, by Major Henry Court, 1872". Columbia.edu. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  9. Frances Pritchett. "Introduction by FWP, Selections from the Kulliyat of Sauda, by Major Henry Court, 1872". Columbia.edu. Retrieved 11 May 2013.

External links

Coordinates: 59°41′15″N 6°26′14″E / 59.68750°N 6.43722°E / 59.68750; 6.43722

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