Mithridates II of Cius

Mithridates of Cius (in Greek Mιθριδάτης or Mιθραδάτης; lived c. 386–302 BCE, ruled 337–302 BCE^[1]) a Persian noble, succeeded his kinsman or father Ariobarzanes II in 337 BCE as ruler of the Greek town of Cius in Mysia (today part of Turkey). Diodorus assigns him a rule of thirty-five years, but it appears that his rule of Cius was interrupted during that period^[2]. What circumstances led to his expulsion or subjection are unknown; nothing is heard of him until his death in 302 BCE. However, it appears that he had submitted to the Macedonian Antigonus, who, to prevent him from joining the league of Cassander and his confederates, arranged for his assassination in Cius.^[3]

According to Lucian^[4], he was at least eighty-four years of age at the time of his death, which makes it likely that he is the same person as the Mithridates, son of Ariobarzanes, who in his youth circumvented and put to death Datames. King Mithridates I of Pontus was his kinsman, although it is not known whether he was his son.

Therefore, it is likely that he was the same Mithradates, son of Ariobarzanes prince of Cius, who is mentioned by Xenophon^[5] as having betrayed his father, and the same circumstance is alluded to by Aristotle^[6]. During the Satraps' Revolt in the 360s BCE, Mithridates tricked Datames into believing in him. But in the end he arranged for Datames' murder in 362 BCE. Similarly, Mithridates gave his own father Ariobarzanes of Phrygia over to his Persian overlord, so Ariobarzanes was crucified in 362 BCE.

Presumably he was not the same Mithridates who accompanied the younger Cyrus in c. 401 BCE - there is no proof of this. Neither is he the Mithridates mentioned by Xenophon^[7] as satrap of Cappadocia and Lycaonia in the late 5th century BCE.

Between 362 and 337 BCE the family fiefdom of Cius in Mysia was held by Ariobarzanes II (possibly Mithridates' brother).^[8]

Notes

1. McGing, B. C. (1986). The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus. BRILL. p. 15. ISBN 978-9004075917.
2. Diodorus, xvi. 90.
3. Appian, "Mithridatic Wars", 9; Diodorus, xx. 111, pg. 456.
4. Lucian, Macrobioi, 13.
5. Xenophon, Cyropaedia, viii. 8. 4
6. Aristotle, v. 10
7. Xenophon, Anabasis, vii. 8. 25
8. Diodorus, xv. 90

References

• Appian, The foreign wars, Horace White (translator), New York, (1899).
• Aristotle, Politics, H. Rackham (translator), Cambridge, MA - London, (1944)
• Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca, C. H. Oldfather (translator), Cambridge - London, (1989).
• Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca, C. H. Oldfather (translator), Cambridge, MA - London, (1989)
• Højte, Jakob Munk; The Date of the Alliance between Chersonesos and Pharnakes and its implications.
• Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Mithridates I", Boston, (1867)
• Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Mithridates II", Boston, (1867).
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "^{article name needed}". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.
• Xenophon, Anabasis, Cambridge, MA - London, (1980)
• Xenophon, Cyropaedia, Cambridge, MA - London, (1979–83)