Tokugawa Nariaki
Tokugawa Nariaki | |
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![]() Tokugawa Nariaki | |
9th Lord of Mito | |
In office 1829–1844 | |
Preceded by | Tokugawa Narinobu |
Succeeded by | Tokugawa Yoshiatsu |
Personal details | |
Born | April 4, 1800 |
Died | September 29, 1860 60) | (aged
Nationality | Japanese |
Tokugawa Nariaki (å¾³å· æ–‰æ˜, April 4, 1800 – September 29, 1860) was a prominent Japanese daimyo who ruled the Mito domain (now Ibaraki prefecture) and contributed to the rise of nationalism and the Meiji restoration.
Biography
Clan leader
Nariaki was the 3rd son of Tokugawa Harutoshi, the seventh generation daimyo of Mito. The family headship first passed to Harutoshi's eldest son Narinobu, before being passed on to Nariaki in 1829.[1] Nariaki was also leader of the JÅi (expel the barbarian) party and made a Bakufu adviser on national defence.[2]
Bakufu official
Nariaki was put in charge of Bakufu efforts to defend the country against encroaching foreigners. His own view was that the bakufu should strengthen its military and fight the foreigners, and was at odds with Ii Naosuke on the issue. He was pro-emperor and favored imperial restoration. Nariaki also greatly expanded the Mitogaku school established by Tokugawa Mitsukuni. He wrote a document entitled "Japan, Reject the Westerners" in 1853. in this document, he stated ten reasons why Japan should stay isolated from the rest of the world. He said that the Japanese people had a choice between war and peace, but clearly to him, the Japanese people should choose war so that Westerners would not intrude into Japan's affairs.
Nariaki and Naosuke fought over who would succeed the Shogun Iesada, with Nariaki championing his son Yoshinobu. Naosuke, who eventually prevailed, favored the Wakayama Domain daimyo Tokugawa Yoshitomi.
Legacy
In 1841, Nariaki built Kairaku-en, a garden whose fame lasts to this day.
Nariaki retired in 1844 in favor of his son Yoshiatsu, and died of a heart attack in 1860, at age 60.
Three of the leading figures of the 1860s were in fact natural brothers, all being sons of Nariaki: Hitoshubashi Yoshinobu, who became the 15th and last shogun as Tokugawa Yoshinobu in 1866; Tokugawa Yoshiatsu of Mito; and Ikeda Yoshinori of Inaba (Tottori).[3]
Works

Published posthumously:
- KÅdÅkan ki 弘é“館記 (1937). Ed. by Meiji Seitoku Kinen Gakkai 明治è–å¾·è¨˜å¿µå¸æœƒ. Tokyo: Meiji Seitoku Kinen Gakkai 明治è–å¾·è¨˜å¿µå¸æœƒ.
- Meikun ippanshŠ明å›ä¸€æ–‘抄 (1910–1911). Ed. by Kurokawa Mamichi é»’å·çœŸé“. Tokyo: DÅbunkan åŒæ–‡é¤¨.
Notes
- ↑ 徳巿–‰æ˜
- ↑ McOmie, William The Opening of Japan, 1853-1855 (Folkstone, Global Oriental, 2006) pg. 138
- ↑ Beasley, William. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868, p. 11 n3.
See also
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References
- Beasley, William G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868. London: Oxford University Press. [reprinted by RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2001. ISBN 978-0-19-713508-2 (cloth)]
This article incorporates text from OpenHistory.
Further reading
- Kobayashi Kenji å°æž—å¥äºŒ (1998). Tokugawa Nariaki to hansharo 徳巿–‰æ˜ã¨å射炉. Tokyo: SÅei Shuppan å‰µæ „å‡ºç‰ˆ.
- Lambeti, Matthew V. (1968). A political study of Tokugawa Nariaki of Mito, 1800-1860. New York: Columbia University. (microfilm)
- ÅŒniwa Kunihiko 大åºé‚¦å½¦ (1997). Chichi yori Yoshinobu dono e: Mito Nariaki Hitotsubashi Yoshinobu ate shokanshÅ« 父より慶喜殿ã¸: 水戶斉æ˜ä¸€æ©‹æ…¶å–œå®›æ›¸ç°¡é›†. Tokyo: ShÅ«eisha 集英社.
External links
Royal titles | ||
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Preceded by Tokugawa Narinobu |
Daimyo of Mito 1829-1844 |
Succeeded by Tokugawa Yoshiatsu |
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