Mohammed bin Thani

Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani (ca. 1788 – 18 December 1878) (Arabic: محمد بن ثاني‎ "Mohammed bin Thani"), Mohammed bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir (Arabic: محمد بن ثاني بن محمد آل ثامر‎), was the second emir of the whole Qatari Peninsula, following his predecessor, his father, Sheikh Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir.^[1] He is known for being the father of Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, the founder of Qatar and who fended off the Ottoman army in the late 19th century.^[1]^[2]

Biography

Early life and governance

Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani was born in Fuwayrit, Qatar, by his father and predecessor to the throne, Sheikh Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir, with Sheikh Mohammed being the second eldest son of his father, along with his four siblings:^[1]^[2]

Sheikh Thamir bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir
Sheikh Eid bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir
Sheikh Ali bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir
Sheikh Ahmad bin Thani bin Mohammed Al-Thamir

After living a lengthy life in Fuwayrit, the Al Thani family finally moved from Fuwayrit to Doha, the capital city and state of Qatar, under the leadership of Sheikh Mohammed who was 59 at the time,in 1847.^[2]

His father later died in 1860, when he succeeded to the throne. By the early 1860s, Sheikh Mohammed emerged as the most important figure in Qatar and an important government official in the Persian Gulf. He abdicated, due to old age, as emir of Qatar in 1876, turning the throne over to his eldest son Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani.^[1]^[2]

Events during his reign

Sheikh Mohammed extended his influence throughout the whole Qatari Peninsula and strengthened his position externally by making an alliance with Faisal Bin Turki, the emir of the second Saudi state, who himself paid a visit to Qatar in early 1851.^[2]
On 12 September 1868, Sheikh Mohammed signed a treaty with Colonel Lewis Pelly, a British resident in the Persian Gulf, which recognized the independence of Qatar.^[2]
In 1871, Sheikh Mohammed made a plea for protection against any external attack to the Ottomans at Al Hasa. However, the Ottomans were the ones who displayed hostility to the Qataris in the same decade of his plea.^[2]

Children

Sheikh Mohammed had 8 children: six sons (listed below) and two daughters, both with unknown names.^[1]

No.	Name	Government Position	Year of birth	Year of death
1	Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani	Ruler of Qatar (mid-1800s–1913)	1825	1913
2	Sheikh Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Thani	Sheikh of Doha	1853	1905
3	Sheikh Fahad bin Mohammed Al Thani	None	Unknown	Died early
4	Sheikh Eid bin Mohammed Al Thani	None	Unknown	Died early
5	Sheikh Jabor bin Mohammed Al Thani	None	1878	1934
6	Sheikh Thamir bin Mohammed Al Thani	None	Unknown	Unknown
7	Sheikha ... bint Mohammed Al Thani	None	Unknown	Unknown
8	Sheikha ... bint Mohammed Al Thani	None	Unknown	Unknown

Death

Sheikh Mohammed died two years after abdicating from his throne in 1876. He died on 18 December 1878, the exact date of the national day of Qatar, as a result of his natural aging.^[1]^[2]

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Buyers, Christopher. "Royal Ark: The Al Thani Dynasty (page 2)". Royalark.net. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Shaikh Mohamed Bin Thani :: Amiri Diwan". Diwan.gov.qa. Retrieved 22 November 2012.

External links

Regnal titles
Mohammed bin Thani House of Al-Thani Born: ca. 1788 Died: 18 December 1878
Preceded by Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir	Emir of Qatar 1847–1876	Succeeded by Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani

Emirs of Qatar

	Mohammed bin Thani Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani

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