Blue-crowned motmot

Blue-crowned motmot
In Tobago
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Coraciiformes
Family:	Momotidae
Genus:	Momotus
Species:	M. momota
Binomial name
Momotus momota (Linnaeus, 1758)

The blue-crowned motmot (Momotus momota) is a colourful near-passerine bird found in forests and woodlands of eastern Mexico, Central America, northern and central South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. In Trinidad and Tobago, it is called the Trinidad motmot with the binomial Momotus bahamensis. As presently defined, it includes several other taxa that possibly should be recognized as valid species, including the Andean motmot (or highland motmot), Momotus aequatorialis.

Description and Behavior

The blue-crowned motmot is 38–48 cm (15–19 in) long, depending on race. Nominate M. m. momota may weigh as little as 77 g (2.7 oz), while the highland motmot may weigh up to 175 g (6.2 oz).^[2] The tail is very long with a bare-shafted racket tip. The upperparts are green, shading to blue on the lower tail, and the underparts are green or rufous depending on subspecies.″

In all except the entirely blue-crowned subspecies coeruliceps, the central crown is black and surrounded by a blue band. There is a black eyemask, and the nape of momota is chestnut. The call is a low owl-like ooo-doot, although there are variations depending on the subspecies involved.

These birds often sit still, and in their dense forest habitat can be difficult to see, despite their size. They eat small prey such as insects and lizards, and will also regularly take fruit.

Like most of the Coraciiformes, motmots nest in tunnels in banks, laying about three or four white eggs.

Taxonomy

As presently defined, it is likely that the blue-crowned motmot includes several species-level taxa. Especially the Andean (highland) motmot, Momotus aequatorialis (Gould, 1858), is frequently considered a separate species, but this treatment is no longer adopted here, following SACC (2005), which noted that the published evidence for treating it as a separate species is weak but also hoped their decision would stimulate further research on the taxonomy of the M. momota complex. In addition to the Andean motmot, several major groups have been identified: Amazonian motmot (momota group; found in central and northern South America), Whooping or tawny-bellied motmot (subrufescens group; found in north-western South America and eastern Panama), Blue-diademed or Lesson's motmot (lessonii group; found in most of Central America and eastern Mexico) and the 'true' blue-crowned motmot (coeruliceps; found in north-eastern Mexico). Additionally, the taxon from Trinidad and Tobago, misleadingly named bahamensis (there are no motmots in the Bahamas), is distinctive and possibly worthy of species recognition. On the basis of measurements, plumage and voice, most of these group were considered to be species by Stiles (2009). The only exception was coeruliceps, which was beyond the scope of that study.

Gallery

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  Sub-adult at El Paso Zoo, Texas, USA

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  Highland motmot (M. m. aequatorialis), illustration by Keulemans, 1892

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  M. momota bahamensis in Tobago.

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  M. momota coeruliceps.

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  M. momota lessonii in Costa Rica.

References

1. BirdLife International (2012). "Momotus momota". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
2. "Motmots: Momotidae - Blue-crowned Motmot (momotus Momota): Species Account". Animal Life Resource. Net Industries.

• Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.
• Stiles, F. Gary; Skutch, Alexander F. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica. Comstock Publishing Associates. ISBN 0-8014-9600-4.
• Stiles, F. G. (2009). "A review of the genus Momotus (Coraciiformes:Momotidae) in Northern South American and adjacent areas" (PDF). Ornitología Colombiana (Asociación Colombiana de Ornitología) 8: 29–75. ISSN 1794-0915.

External links

• Blue-crowned motmot videos, photos, and sounds at the Internet Bird Collection
• Blue-crowned Motmot at Animal Diversity Web
• Blue-crowned Motmot photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
• Blue-crowned Motmot species account at NeotropicalBirds (Cornell University)

• Interactive range map of Momotus momota at IUCN Red List maps