King of Nepal

Mahārājdhirāja of Nepal
Royal Coat of arms (before 2006)
Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah
Details
Style	His Royal Majesty
First monarch	Mahārājdhirāja Prithvi Narayan Shah
Last monarch	Mahārājdhirāja Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah
Formation	September 25, 1768
Abolition	May 28, 2008
Residence	Narayanhity Royal Palace, Kathmandu, Nepal
Appointer	Hereditary
Pretender(s)	Mahārājdhirāja Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah

The King of Nepal, traditionally known as the Mahārājādhirāja (Nepali: श्री ५ महाराजधिराज), was Nepal's head of state and monarch from 1768 to 2008. He served as the head of the Nepalese monarchy—Shah Dynasty. The monarchy was founded in 1768 and was abolished on 28 May 2008 by the Nepalese Constituent Assembly.^[1] The subnational monarchies in Mustang, Bajhang, Salyan, and Jajarkot were also abolished in October. ^[2]

History

The Kingdom of Nepal was founded on 25 September 1768 by a Prithvi Narayan Shah, a Gorkha king who succeeded in unifying the kingdoms of Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur into a single state under his Shah dynasty. The Kingdom suffered a major defeat in the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–16) against the British East India Company. The Treaty of Sugauli was signed in 1816, ceding large parts of the Nepali territories of Terai and Sikkim, (nearly one third of the country), to the British, in exchange for Nepalese autonomy. From 1846 until 1951, the country was de facto ruled by the hereditary Prime Ministers from the Rana dynasty, reducing the role of the Shah monarch to that of a figurehead. The Kingdom of Nepal was an absolute monarchy for most of its history. In November 1990, after the Jana Andolan movement, the new Constitution was adopted and the country became a constitutional monarchy. On 13 February 1996, the Nepalese Civil War was launched by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), with the aim of overthrowing the kingdom and establishing a 'People's Republic'. On 1 June 2001, Crown Prince Dipendra went on a shooting spree and murdered his father, King Birendra, his mother Queen Aishwarya, and several other members of the royal family. Afterwards, he shot himself.^[3][4] Immediately after the massacre, Dipendra was proclaimed king while in a coma, but he died on 4 June 2001, after a three-day reign.^[5] His uncle, Prince Gyanendra, was appointed regent for the three days, then ascended the throne himself after Dipendra died. On 1 February 2005, as the security situation deteriorated in the civil war, King Gyanendra declared a state of emergency, suspended the Constitution and assumed direct control over the country.^[6] On 24 April 2006, after the Loktantra Andolan movement, the king agreed to give up absolute power and to reinstate the dissolved House of Representatives.^[7][8] On 21 November 2006, the Civil War ended with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Accord.^[9] On 15 January 2007, the King was suspended from exercising his duties by the newly formed interim legislature. Finally, on 28 May 2008, the kingdom was officially abolished by the Constituent Assembly and Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal was declared.^[10] The subnational monarchies in Mustang, Bajhang, Salyan, and Jajarkot were also abolished in October 2008.^[11]

Kings of Nepal (1768–2008)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Prithvi Narayan Shah वडामहाराजधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह	7 January 1723[12] – 11 January 1775 (aged 52)	25 September 1768	11 January 1775	Son of Nara Bhupal Shah	Shah
Pratap Singh Shah प्रतापसिंह शाह	16 April 1751 – 17 November 1777 (aged 26)	11 January 1775	17 November 1777	Son of Prithvi Narayan Shah	Shah
Rana Bahadur Shah रण बहादुर शाह	25 May 1775 – 25 April 1806 (aged 30)	17 November 1777	8 March 1799 (abdicated)	Son of Pratap Singh Shah	Shah
Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह	19 October 1797 – 20 November 1816 (aged 19)	8 March 1799	20 November 1816	Son of Rana Bahadur Shah	Shah
Rajendra Bikram Shah राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह	3 December 1813 – 10 July 1881 (aged 67)	20 November 1816	12 May 1847 (abdicated)	Son of Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah	Shah
Surendra Bikram Shah सुरेन्द्र बिक्रम शाह	20 October 1829 – 17 May 1881 (aged 51)	12 May 1847	17 May 1881	Son of Rajendra Bikram Shah	Shah
Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah पृथ्वी बीर विक्रम शाह	18 August 1875 – 11 December 1911 (aged 36)	17 May 1881	11 December 1911	Grandson of Surendra Bikram Shah	Shah
Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah (1st reign) त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह	30 June 1906 – 13 March 1955 (aged 48)	11 December 1911	7 November 1950 (went into exile)	Son of Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah	Shah
Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah (1st reign) ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह	7 July 1947	7 November 1950	7 January 1951 (stepped down)	Grandson of Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah	Shah
Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah (2nd reign) त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह	30 June 1906 – 13 March 1955 (aged 48)	7 January 1951	13 March 1955	Son of Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah	Shah
Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah महेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह	11 June 1920 – 31 January 1972 (aged 51)	14 March 1955	31 January 1972	Son of Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah	Shah
Birendra Bir Bikram Shah वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह	28 December 1945 – 1 June 2001 (aged 55)	31 January 1972	1 June 2001 (assassinated)	Son of Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah	Shah
Dipendra Bir Bikram Shah दीपेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह	27 June 1971 – 4 June 2001 (aged 29)	1 June 2001	4 June 2001 (committed suicide)	Son of Birendra Bir Bikram Shah	Shah
Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah (2nd reign) ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह	7 July 1947	4 June 2001	28 May 2008 (deposed)	Son of Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah	Shah

Note

Prithvi Narayan Shah was the first ruler of "unified" Nepal. However, prior to 1768, the modern-day Nepal consisted of various small kingdoms, among which Shah Kings continued to rule in a few of them (notably in Gorkha). So the actual history of the Shah dynasty dates much before Prithvi Narayan Shah.^[13]

Royal Standard

• 

  Royal Standard of Nepal.

See also

• President of Nepal
• List of Prime Ministers of Nepal
• Kingdom of Nepal
• Coronation of the Nepalese monarch
• Line of succession to the former Nepalese throne
• Nepalese royal massacre

References

1. Nepal votes to abolish monarchy
2. Abolishment of subnational monarchies
3. Rahul Bedi; Alex Spillius (8 June 2001). "Massacre witness blames Crown Prince". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
4. "Nepal survivors blame prince". BBC News. 7 June 2001. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
5. "Nepal mourns slain king". BBC News. 2 June 2001. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
6. Staff writer (2005-02-01). "Nepal's king declares emergency". BBC News.
7. Sengupta, Somini (25 April 2006). "In a Retreat, Nepal's King Says He Will Reinstate Parliament". The New York Times.
8. "Full text: King Gyanendra's speech". BBC. 24 April 2006.
9. "Peace deal ends Nepal's civil war". BBC News. 21 November 2006. Retrieved 22 November 2006.
10. Nepal votes to abolish monarchy
11. Abolishment of subnational monarchies
12. Accordingly Royal Ark, he was born on 25 December 1722
13. "The History of Nepal".