Monologue

Actor Christopher Walken performing a monologue in the 1984 stage play Hurlyburly

In theatre, a monologue (from Greek μονόλογος from μόνος mónos, "alone, solitary" and λόγος lógos, "speech") is a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their mental thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the audience. Monologues are common across the range of dramatic media (plays, films,^[1] etc.), as well as in non-dramatic media such as poetry.^[2] Monologues share much in common with several other literary devices including soliloquies, apostrophes, and aside. There are, however, distinctions between each of these devices.

Similar literary devices

Monologues are similar to poems, epiphanies, and others in that they involve one 'voice' speaking but there are differences between them. For example, a soliloquy involves a character relating his or her thoughts and feelings to him/herself and to the audience without addressing any of the other characters. A monologue is the thoughts of a person spoken out loud.^[3] Monologues are also distinct from apostrophes, in which the speaker or writer addresses an imaginary person, inanimate object, or idea.^[4] Asides differ from each of these not only in length (asides are shorter) but also in that asides are not heard by other characters even in situations where they logically should be (e.g. two characters engaging in a dialogue interrupted by one of them delivering an aside).^[4]

History

In ancient Greek theatre, the origin of western drama, the conventional three actor rule was preceded by a two actor rule, which was itself preceded by a convention in which only a single actor would appear on stage, along with the chorus.^[5] The origin of the monologue as a dramatic device, therefore, is not rooted in dialogue. It is, instead, the other way around; dialogue evolved from monologue.

Ancient Roman theatre featured monologues extensively, more commonly than either Ancient Greek theatre or modern theatre.^[6] One of the key purposes of these monologues was to indicate the passage of significant amounts of time (that would be tedious to actually play out in real time) within scenes. This type of monologue is referred to as a linking monologue.^[7] Other monologue types included "entrance monologues"^[7] and exit monologues.^[8] In each of these cases a primary function is indicating the passage of time.^[7]

From Renaissance theatre onward, monologues generally focused on characters using the extended speech to pursue their dramatic need. Postmodern theatre, on the other hand, often embraces the performative aspects of the monologue, even to the point of challenging the boundary between character portrayal (e.g. acting) and autobiographical speeches.^[9]×→→

Types of monologues

Interior monologues involve a character externalizing their thoughts so that the audience can witness experiences that would otherwise be mostly internal. In contrast, a dramatic monologue involves one character speaking to another character.^[10] Monologues can also be divided along the lines of active and narrative monologues. In an active monologue a character is using their speech to achieve a clear goal. Narrative monologues simply involve a character telling a story and can often be identified by the fact that they are in the past tense.^[11]

Audition monologues

Actors in theatre and sometimes in film and television may be called upon to use monologues for audition purposes. Audition monologues demonstrate an actor's ability to prepare a piece and deliver a performance.^[12] These pieces are usually relegated to two minutes (sometimes less) and are often paired with a contrasting monologue. This can be a comic monologue paired with a dramatic monologue or it can mean classical paired with contemporary. The choice of monologues for an audition can often depend on the play in question or the role the actor wants to land. The audition monologue is a rite of passage with theatre actors and a tradition that continues today.

See also

• Audition
• Dialogue
• Dramatic monologue
• One-person show
• Oratory
• Performance poetry
• Soliloquy
• Rhetoric
• Stand-up comedy
• Storytelling
• Diseuse
• Apostrophe (figure of speech)
• Spoken word

References

1. http://www.imdb.com/list/Bf4eKcczgnk/
2. "Dramatic Monologue: An Introduction". Victorianweb.org. 2003-03-10. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
3. "Soliloquy - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
4. "The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare". Pleasanton.k12.ca.us. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
5. Kuritz, Paul (1988). The Making of Theatre History. ISBN 978-0-13-547861-5. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
6. Henry W. Prescott (January 1939). "Link Monologues in Roman Comedy". Classical Philology 34 (1): 1–23. JSTOR 264065.
7. Henry W. Prescott (April 1939). "Link Monologues in Roman Comedy". Classical Philology 34 (2): 116–126. JSTOR 264823.
8. Henry W. Prescott (January 1942). "Exit Monologues in Roman Comedy". Classical Philology 37 (1): 1–21. JSTOR 264367.
9. Geis, Deborah R. (December 1993). Postmodern theatric(k)s: monologue in contemporary American drama. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-10467-3. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
10. "monologue (drama and literature) - Encyclopedia Britannica". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
11. "Monologue Information". Angelfire.com. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
12. "Audition Monologues". Ace Your Audition.

External links

• Monologues at the Open Directory Project

Transmission of ideas

•1 person to themselves, mental •1 person to themselves or to another without reply, verbal •2 or more people, verbal Thought Monologue Dialogue