Montfort-sur-Meu

Montfort-sur-Meu
Moñforzh

The town hall of Montfort-sur-Meu

Coat of arms
Montfort-sur-Meu

Coordinates: 48°08′19″N 1°57′17″W / 48.1386°N 1.9547°W / 48.1386; -1.9547Coordinates: 48°08′19″N 1°57′17″W / 48.1386°N 1.9547°W / 48.1386; -1.9547
Country France
Region Brittany
Department Ille-et-Vilaine
Arrondissement Rennes
Canton Montfort-sur-Meu
Intercommunality Montfort Community
Government
 • Mayor (2014–2020) Delphine David
Area1 14.02 km2 (5.41 sq mi)
Population (2008)2 6,347
 • Density 450/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code 35188 / 35160
Elevation 28–131 m (92–430 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Montfort-sur-Meu (Breton: Moñforzh) is a commune in the department of Ille-et-Vilaine in Brittany in the northwest of France.

It is noted as the birthplace of the Roman Catholic Saint Louis de Montfort, who is considered to be the pioneer of the field of Mariology. The saint's birthplace is at 15, Rue de la Saulnerie. It is now jointly owned by the three Montfortian congregations he formed: the Community of the Holy Spirit, the Daughters of Wisdom and the Brothers of Saint Gabriel. It is the site of frequent "Montfortian pilgrimages" to Montfort-sur-Meu.

Geography

The towns located next to Montfort-sur-Meu are Iffendic, Bédée, La Nouaye, Breteil and Talensac. Saint-Gonlay and Pleumeleuc are nearby.

The town is located at the convergence of the Meu river and the Garun river, in a farmland region which was in the past in the "Poutrecoët" (= the district in the woods), because it was covered by the big forest of Brocéliande.

The town is an administrative town of a county.

Population

Inhabitants of Montfort-sur-Meu are called Montfortais in French. (Source: Cassini[1] and INSEE[2])

Historical population
YearPop.±%
17931,200—    
18001,115−7.1%
18061,187+6.5%
18211,316+10.9%
18311,715+30.3%
18361,772+3.3%
18411,868+5.4%
18461,976+5.8%
18512,072+4.9%
18562,129+2.8%
18612,168+1.8%
18662,345+8.2%
18722,343−0.1%
18762,297−2.0%
18812,374+3.4%
18862,373−0.0%
18912,464+3.8%
18962,452−0.5%
19012,509+2.3%
19062,431−3.1%
19112,309−5.0%
19212,171−6.0%
19262,253+3.8%
19312,270+0.8%
19362,250−0.9%
19462,372+5.4%
19542,518+6.2%
19622,699+7.2%
19682,965+9.9%
19753,098+4.5%
19824,301+38.8%
19904,675+8.7%
19995,412+15.8%
20086,347+17.3%
20126,490+2.3%

History and legend

History

Human beings have made their imprint on the district of Montfort en Brocéliande since prehistory. Ancient menhirs can be seen in the forest of Montfort, but it is at the end of the 11th century when the first castle is built.

From 1376 to 1389, the fortress, surrounded by four towers, was rebuilt by Raoul VIII. It was destroyed in 1627. The town is strengthened by fortifications. The town had three doors: Saint-Jean door, Coulon door and Saint-Nicolas door. The population of the town supported the changes brought by the French Revolution, after the Reign of Terror.
The major revolutionary event is the one celebrating the execution of Louis XVI, accompanied by a hatred oath to the royalty and to the anarchy. It is celebrated since 1795.[3]

Legend

The legend of the duck is transmitted from one generation to another since the 15th century.

Then, and for many centuries, a wild female duck was coming every year in the church, around Saint Nicolas day, and was leaving one of her ducklings as an offering to the miraculous Saint.

Unfortunately, she felt in the hands of the Lord's soldiers who wanted to do what they thought their master had done. She looked around to find some help but only saw two female ducks on the water of the pond (pond which has been dried up since). She prayed Saint Nicolas, beging him to allow these animals to be witnesses of her innocence and to make them accomplish every year her wish on her behalf if she had to lose her life. She managed to escape from the soldiers but died, apparently of fear, a bit later. She was buried in Saint-Nicolas churchyard.
However, the same year, during the Translation (when a Saint is transferred from one place to another), while the crowd was flocking to the relics of Saint Nicolas, a female duck came in the church with her ducklings. She fluttered near the picture of the Saint, flew to the altar and saluted the crucifix. Then, she came back near the picture of the Saint and stayed there until the end of the service. At this moment, she flew with all of her ducklings, except one, who stayed in the church.
The story became so famous that, as it is written in many documents dating from the following centuries, Montfort-sur-Meu became Montfort-la-Cane for more than 300 years.
Every time the female duck came to the church, it had been written on sheets. The last appearance is dated from the 8th of May 1739. However, as only the archives dating from later than the 15th century have been kept, many stories are missing, even though, as an ecclesiastic said "In the past, these events became so common that we weren't taking time to right them anymore".

Pond where the female duck stayed after escaping from the castle

Economy

Montfort-sur-Meu has got many places for accommodation: hotels, guesthouses, B&B, campsites and caravan parks.
Every Friday morning there is a market on Place des Douves.

The town is also home to pig slaughterhouses for pork production, owned by Cooperl Arc Atlantique.[4]

Tourism

Tourism management in Montfort-sur-Meu" is entrusted by Montfort Community to the Tourist Office of the district of Montfort.

Buildings and touristic sites

Nowadays, Montfort-sur-Meu kept the vestiges of its medieval past.[5] We can still find old houses from the 16th century (Rue de la saulnerie), remains of Saint-Jean door (14th century), vestiges of the old castle, (14th century). From the medieval castle, there still is Papegaut Tower (14th century) which now houses the ecomuseum of the district of Montfort. But Montfort-sur-Meu also keeps traces from a religious past with several religious buildings; Saint-Jean chapel, the church of Saint Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, the Ursulines convent (which is nowadays the town hall), the cloister and the grave of Saint-Jacques de Montfort abbey, but also Saint Louis-Marie Grignion's native house (Rue de la Saulnerie).

Religious heritage

Saint Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort lived in Montfort. There still are nowadays Saint-Louis-Marie-Grignion church, two chapels, and one abbey:

Saint Louis-Marie Grignion

Historical heritage

Surrounding wall of the medieval town To protect the marches of Brittany, the Dukes led a politic of fortification of the big towns. In 1376, Raoul VII got an authorisation to transform the castle into a real defensive fortress. Around the castle, an important fortification is built with towers and 3 doors. We can still find today the Tower of Papegaut, the Tower of Pas d'Âne, the Tower of Capitaine and parts of the former fortifications. These rampart vestiges are classified Historical Monuments[7] since the 15th of December 1926.
Papegaut Tower Papegaut Tower is dated from the 14th century. It is the best preserved element from the medieval town of Montfort-Sur-Meu and the most representative. The Tower is known as "Papegaut" because of a contest for archers and crossbowmen in which the target was a multicolour bird. During the 19th and 20th century, the tower became a prison. Since 1984, it houses the ecomuseum of the district of Montfort. The Tower is classified Historical Monument[8] by the decree of the 5th of November 1926.
Hôtel Montfort Communauté During the 18th century, this imposant building was a hotel for the Juguet family, a family of notables who settled in 1777. In 1857, the subprefecture takes its place until it is cut in 1926. During the 20th century, the hospital installed an annexe. In 2002, it's Montfort Communauté who bought the building and restored it.
Cultural centre of "l'Avant-Scène" In 1914 starts the building of a municipal hall and finishes after the war. The building also housed the first cinema of the town which could gather 400 people. Nowadays, the building is a cultural centre which offers many shows during the year.
Old houses of the town centre Today, we can find dozens of houses which were built between 1550 and 1650. They are located in the oldest streets of the town like for example rue de la Saulnerie, rue de l'Horloge, place de la cohue, rue de Gaël. We can also find the native house of Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort.
Mills and "planks" on the Meu river In the street called "Rue du 11 juin 1977", we can see an old mill from the year 1884. It was also equipped at the time of a footbridge called "planks", which was crossing the Meu river and was linking the street called "Ruelle des Moulins" (Mills street).
Driers and public baths The building is probably from the end of the 19th century. In the lower part were cubicles for public baths and a place reserved for boilers. The first floor, protected by wooden laths was used to dry clothes washed by washerwomen.
The town hall Today, the town hall is located in the former Ursuline convent who settled in 1639.

District course In 1799, Montfort became the headquarters of a subprefecture and of a courthouse. It was built between 1832 and 1834. A break is marked between the old houses from the medieval town and the courthouse, as this last one turns its back to the medieval town.

Sites and natural areas

Forest of Montfort-Sur-Meu It covers a few hundred hectares, including 40 hectares which are a communal property on the area of Saint-Lazare woods. Several marked paths allow going across this wooden limestone, by foot, by horse and for some people, by bike.

Forest of Montfort-sur-Meu

Parc Municipal Edouard Guicheteau, mayor of the town from 1853 to 1871, bought for private use the old meadows of the Thabor, possessions of the prior Saint Nicolas, to convert them into an English garden. He diverted the Garun to assure the water circulation and planted yews and exotic conifers. In 1950, the park is bought by the town and opened to the public. The old meadows that stayed wild were then converted into a municipal campsite.

Touristic activities

Visit with a GPS guide (Montfort-sur-Meu) The visit with a GPS guide allows to visit Montfort-sur-Meu through an interactive walk. The tool allows to visit on your own, in family or in a small group, thanks to automatic sound and visual activities.
The circuit lasts an hour and takes you to discover the medieval town in a fun and a simple way.

This path, made of two loops located in the heart of the district of Montfort, offers the crossing of diversified natural places (humid meadow, landscape parkland, shores, pond, sunken lanes, hedged farmlands, woods). Boards explain the historical, floristic and faunistic interest of the different lands. The circuit also highlights the dairy life, mentioning the craft know-how.

This path, to be discovered by foot, allows to understand the evolution and the development of the town from the Middle Ages to nowadays. Thirty boards are available on the path.

The pedestrian circuit, pictured by many photos, allow to appreciate the built heritage while walking (circuit of 2/3 km).

The medieval circuit allows to discover the remains of the fortifications and to understand how Montfort used to work during the Middle Ages. The visit lasts around an hour and a half.

With the ecomuseum of the district of Montfort and the canoeing club of the district of Brocéliande, original visits make you discover the environment, the historical site of Montfort-sur-Meu from the river.

Ecomuseum of Montfort

Located in Papegaut Tower, the ecomuseum invits you to discover the culture of the district where history and legends are very close. Different permanent exhibitions are offered (the duck legend, the architecture of the district of Brocéliande, Montfort during the Middle Ages, the traditional suit, games about nature).
You can also find many pedestrian paths around Montfort-sur-Meu and a big swimming pool in the town centre.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/6_index.htm&title=%5B1%5D
  2. ↑ http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?ref_id=poplog-com&reg_id=99
  3. ↑ Louis Dubreuil, « Fêtes révolutionnaires en Ille-et-Vilaine », in Annales de Bretagne, volume 21, tome 4, 1905, p. 398-399
  4. ↑ Company Overview of Cooperl Arc Atlantique S.A., Bloomberg Business
  5. ↑ http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.paysdemontfort.com/scripts/site/04_page.php?cont_appli_id=15%26cont_id=2%26page_id=60%26menu_id=60&title=les%20vestiges%20de%20son%20pass%C3%A9%20m%C3%A9di%C3%A9val
  6. ↑ http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA35000003
  7. ↑ http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00090638
  8. ↑ http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00090639

References

External links

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