Moonwalk (dance)

The "Moonwalk" (also known as "the Glide" by inner-city youth ) is a dance move in which the dancer moves backwards while appearing to be making the physical movement of walking forwards.^[1] A popping move, it became popular around the world after Michael Jackson performed the dance move during a performance of "Billie Jean" on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever on March 25, 1983. This special was broadcast May 21 1983.^[2] It subsequently became his signature move.^[3][4]

Technique

An illusion is involved in creating the appearance of the dancer gliding backwards. Initially, the front foot is held flat on the ground, while the back foot is in a tiptoe position. The flat front foot remains on the ground but is slid lightly and smoothly backward past the tip-toe back foot. What is now the front foot is lowered flat, while the back foot is raised into the tiptoe position. These steps are repeated over and over creating the illusion that the dancer is being pulled backwards by an unseen force while trying to walk forward. Variations of this move allow the moon walking to also appear to glide forwards, sideways, and even in a circle.

Ironically, it would be almost impossible to actually do the moonwalk on the moon, due to its low gravity.

History of use

Cab Calloway executed steps similar to the moonwalk (sidewalk or toe stand) as early as 1932.

There are many recorded instances of the moonwalk; similar steps are reported as far back as 1932, used by Cab Calloway.^[5] In 1985, Calloway said that the move was called "The Buzz" when he and others performed it in the 1930s.^[6][7]

In 1944, Judy Garland and Margaret O'Brien featured something like the move in their performance of "Under the Bamboo Tree" in Meet Me In St. Louis, though their performance lacks the illusion created by the genuine moonwalk.^[8]

In 1955, it was recorded in a performance by tap dancer Bill Bailey. He performs a tap routine, and at the end, backslides into the wings.^[9] The French mime artist Marcel Marceau used it throughout his career (from the 1940s through the 1980s), as part of the drama of his mime routines. In Marceau's "Walking Against the Wind" routine, he pretends to be pushed backwards by a gust of wind.^[10]

In the 1950s, Dick Van Dyke performed a similar variation of the moonwalk and camel walk in his comedy routine called "Mailing A Letter On A Windy Corner".

In 1958, Mexican dancer-comedian Adalberto Martinez "Resortes" also performed the moonwalk in the film Colegio de Verano (Summer School).

In a November 1969 episode of H.R. Pufnstuf, Judy the Frog teaches everyone a new dance called "The Moonwalk", which includes two instances of a stationary moonwalk.^[11]

Choreographer Bob Fosse moonwalks in his role as the Snake in the 1974 film "The Little Prince". 2^[12]

James Brown used the move^[13] and can be seen performing it in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers. In 1981 in the promotional single and music video Crosseyed and Painless by new wave band Talking Heads, authentic street dancers, picked by David Byrne, are featuring, including Stephen "Skeeter Rabbit" Nichols doing the moonwalk.^[14] It reached to 20 on the US dance charts. Another early moonwalker was popper and singer Jeffrey Daniel, who moonwalked in a performance of Shalamar's "A Night To Remember" on Top of the Pops in the UK in 1982^[15] and was known to perform backslides in public performances (including weekly Soul Train episodes) as far back as 1974. Michael Jackson was a fan of Jeffrey Daniel's dancing and would eventually seek him out.

Also in 1982, Debbie Allen performs a moonwalk during a scene with Gwen Verdon in Season 1, Episode 10 ("Come One, Come All") of the TV series Fame.^[16]

In Flashdance, the move was used in the B-boy scene, where Rock Steady Crew's Mr. Freeze (Marc Lemberger), with an umbrella prop, mimed the wind blowing him backward as he first walks forward, fighting the wind, then starts moonwalking backwards. Mr. Freeze's version was also shown in the first hip hop movie Wild Style and Malcolm McLaren film clip "Buffalo Gals".^[17]

Derek (Cooley) Jackson and Geron (Caszper) Canidate taught Michael Jackson the moonwalk. He saw Cooley and Caszper do the moonwalk dance on Soul Train, so he had his manager called Soul Train to introduce Cooley and Caszper to Jackson. The dance was popularized in 1983 when Jackson performed it during a television special, Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever, on March 25 of that year. Dressed in his signature black trousers, silver socks, silver shirt, black-sequined jacket, single sequined glove, and black fedora, Jackson spun around, posed, and began moonwalking. Music critic Ian Inglis later wrote that Jackson encapsulated a long tradition of African-American dance movements in that one performance.^[13] The audience cheered Michael's moonwalk. Moonwalking received widespread attention, and from then on, the moonwalk became Jackson's signature move for his song "Billie Jean". Nelson George said that Jackson's rendition "combined Jackie Wilson's athleticism with James Brown's camel walk". Michael Jackson's autobiography was titled Moonwalk, and he also starred in a 1988 film titled Moonwalker.

In the 1984 movie Streets of Fire, actor and performer Stoney Jackson executed a moonwalk as the leader of a fictional group, The Sorels, who lip-synced to the Dan Hartman song "I Can Dream About You".

Alexei Kovalev has been known for using the moonwalk in his National Hockey League career.^[18] He performed the move after scoring a goal on February 7, 2001, and on January 3, 2010. Kovalev moonwalked onto the ice after being named one of the stars of the game and again after scoring on a penalty kick in a 2008 celebrity charity soccer game.

References

1. Banes, Sally. Writing Dancing in the Age of Postmodernism, Wesleyan University Press, 1994, p. 139.
2. "Michael Jackson 1958-2009. TIME looks back on the King of Pop's life and Career", Time, p. 13, retrieved February 1, 2012, We first worked with him in 1980, but he did not do the moonwalk publicly until 1983 [on Motown's 25th-anniversary TV special]. |chapter= ignored (help)
3. Suddath, Claire. "How to Moonwalk like Michael", Time, June 25, 2009.
4. Thriller 25: The Book, ML Publishing Group Ltd, 2008. ISBN 978-0-9768891-9-9.
5. Pagett, Matt. The Best Dance Moves in the World - Ever! Chronicle Books, 2008, p. 72.
6. DiLorenzo, Kris (April 1985). "The Arts. Dance: Michael Jackson did not invent the Moonwalk". The Crisis 92 (4): 143. ISSN 0011-1422. Shoot ... We did that back in the '30s! Only it was called The Buzz back then.
7. Cab Calloway in 1932 film "The Big Broadcast". YouTube.
8. "Under The Bamboo Tree - Judy Garland (Meet Me In St. Louis)". YouTube. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2014-06-18.
9. Bill Bailey in 1955.
10. "Grand master of mime, Marcel Marceau, dies". CBC News. Associated Press. 23 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
11. "Did Jacko Jack the Moonwalk?".
12. "sssssSnake in the Grasssss". YouTube.com. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
13. Inglis, Ian. Performance and popular music, Ashgate Publishing, 2006, p. 122.
14. "Talking Heads - Crosseyed and Painless - Official Original Video, 1981". YouTube.com. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
15. "A Night to Remember, Shalamar, Top of the Pops, 1982". YouTube.com. Retrieved October 25, 2012.
16. "Fame: Season 1 Episode 10 - "Evolution of Dance" Original Air Date: March 11th 1982". YouTube.com. 2006-09-29. Retrieved 2014-06-18.
17. Buffalo Gals (first 12 seconds sample) at YouTube
18. "Youtube "Alex Kovalev Moonwalk on ice"". Retrieved 2014-01-15.