Moshé Feldenkrais

Moshé Feldenkrais
Born Moshé Feldenkrais
May 6, 1904
Slavuta, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine)
Died July 1, 1984
Tel Aviv, Israel
Citizenship Israeli
Fields Psychology, Physics, Education
Known for Founding the Feldenkrais method

Moshé Pinchas Feldenkrais (Hebrew: משה פנחס פלדנקרייז, May 6, 1904 – July 1, 1984) was an Israeli physicist and the founder of the Feldenkrais Method, designed to improve human functioning by increasing self-awareness through movement. Feldenkrais' theory is that "thought, feeling, perception and movement are closely interrelated and influence each other."[1]

Biography

Moshe Feldenkrais was born in the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine) city of Slavuta and grew up in Baranovichi, Belarus. In 1918, he immigrated to Palestine.[2] He worked as a laborer and obtained his high-school diploma from Gymnasia Herzliya in 1925.[3] After graduation, he worked as a cartographer for the British survey office and began to study self-defense, including Ju-Jitsu. A soccer injury in 1929 promoted the development of his method in later years.[4]

During the 1930s, he lived in France where he earned his engineering degree from the École Spéciale des Travaux Publics, and later his Doctor of Science in engineering at the Sorbonne where Marie Curie was one of his teachers.[5] During this time he worked as a research assistant to nuclear chemist and Nobel Prize laureate Frédéric Joliot-Curie at the Radium Institute. In September 1933, he met Jigoro Kano, the founder of judo in Paris. Kano encouraged him to study Judo under Mikinosuke Kawaishi. Feldenkrais became a close friend of Kano and corresponded with him regularly.[6] In 1936, he earned a black belt in judo, and later gained his 2nd degree black belt in 1938. He was a co-founding member of the Ju-Jitsu Club de France, one of the oldest Judo clubs in Europe, which still exists today. Frédéric, Irène Joliot-Curie, and Bertrand Goldschmidt took Judo lessons from him during their time together at the institute.

On the eve of the Nazi invasion of France in 1940, Feldenkrais fled to Britain with a jar of "heavy water" and a sheaf of research material with instructions to deliver them to the British Admiralty War Office. Until 1946, he was a science officer in the Admiralty working on Anti-submarine weaponry in Fairlie, Scotland. His work on improving sonar led to several patents. He also taught self-defense techniques to his fellow servicemen. On slippery submarine decks, he re-aggravated an old soccer knee injury. Refusing an operation, he was prompted to intently explore and develop self-rehabilitation and awareness techniques through self-observation which later evolved into the method.[7] His discoveries led him to begin sharing with others (including colleague J. D. Bernal) through lectures, experimental classes, and one-on-one work with a few.

After leaving the Admiralty, he lived and worked in private industry in London. His self-rehabilitation enabled him to continue his judo practice. From his position on the international Judo committee he began to study judo scientifically, incorporating the knowledge he gained through self-rehabilitation. In 1949, he published the first book on the Feldenkrais method, Body and Mature Behavior: A Study of Anxiety, Sex, Gravitation and Learning. During this period he studied the work of G.I. Gurdjieff, F. Matthias Alexander, Elsa Gindler and William Bates. He also traveled to Switzerland to study with Heinrich Jacoby.

Memorial plaque in Tel Aviv

In 1951, he returned to Israel. In 1954, after directing the IDF Department of Electronics for several years, he settled in Tel Aviv and began to teach his method full-time.[8][9] In 1957, he met Mia Segal, who became his assistant and worked with him for thirty years.[10] He also became the personal trainer of David Ben-Gurion, the Prime Minister of Israel, whom he taught to stand on his head in a yoga pose.[11][12]

Throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and into the 1980s he presented the Feldenkrais method throughout Europe and in North America (including an Awareness Through Movement program for human potential trainers including at Esalen Institute in 1972). He also began to train teachers in the method so they could, in turn, present the work to others. He trained the first group of 13 teachers in the method from 1969–1971 in Tel Aviv. Over the course of four summers from 1975–1978, he trained 65 teachers in San Francisco at Lone Mountain College under the auspices of the Humanistic Psychology Institute. In 1980, 235 students began his summer teacher-training course at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts. After becoming ill in the fall of 1981, after teaching two of the planned four summers, he stopped teaching publicly. He died on July 1, 1984.

Criticism

In 2015 the Australian Government's Department of Health published the results of a review of alternative therapies that sought to determine if any were suitable for being covered by health insurance; the Feldenkrais Method was one of 17 therapies evaluated for which no clear evidence of effectiveness was found. The report notes that there is "a paucity of evidence regarding the effectiveness of Feldenkrais for the improvement of health outcomes for any clinical condition," though it admits possible bias in its choice only to review studies conducted between April 1, 2008 and September 5, 2013 and from its lack of inclusion of non-English language studies.[13]

Publications

Books about the Feldenkrais Method

Books about Jiujitsu and Judo

Articles and transcribed lectures

References

  1. ↑ All About Health: The Feldenkrais Method
  2. ↑ "Who Was Moshe Feldenkrais?". Feldenkrais Guild of North America.
  3. ↑ Ben Gurion's Personal Trainer, Haaretz
  4. ↑ Reese, Mark. "About Moshe".
  5. ↑ The Father of Feldenkrais Dies, Haaretz
  6. ↑ Buckard, Christian (2015). Moshé Feldenkrais: Der Mensch hinter der Methode. Berlin: Berlin Verlag. pp. 107–116. ISBN 978-3-8270-1238-8.
  7. ↑ Ben Gurion's Personal Trainer, Haaretz
  8. ↑ Buckard, Christian (2015). Moshé Feldenkrais: Der Mensch hinter der Methode. Berlin: Berlin Verlag. pp. 240–241. ISBN 978-3-8270-1238-8.
  9. ↑ Priesching, Doris. (June 6, 2010). "Alles Kann Ein Bisschen Besser Werden.". Der Standard.
  10. ↑ Ben Gurion's Personal Trainer, Haaretz
  11. ↑ Buckard, Christian (2015). Moshé Feldenkrais: Der Mensch hinter der Methode. Berlin: Berlin Verlag. pp. 240–241. ISBN 978-3-8270-1238-8.
  12. ↑ Priesching, Doris. (June 6, 2010). "Alles Kann Ein Bisschen Besser Werden.". Der Standard.
  13. ↑ Baggoley C (2015). "Review of the Australian Government Rebate on Natural Therapies for Private Health Insurance" (PDF). Australian Government – Department of Health. Lay summary – Gavura, S. Australian review finds no benefit to 17 natural therapies. Science-Based Medicine. (19 November 2015).

Sources

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, April 16, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.