List of monarchs of Korea
Monarchs of Korea | |
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Details | |
First monarch | Dangun (legendary) |
Last monarch | Sunjong |
Formation | 2333 BC (legendary) |
Abolition | August 29, 1910 |
Residence | Varies according to Dynasty, most recently the Changdeokgung in Seoul. |
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This is a list of monarchs of Korea, arranged by dynasty. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune-Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.
Gojoseon
Gojoseon (? – 108 BCE) was the first Korean kingdom. According to legend, it was founded by Dangun in 2333 BCE.[1]
Bronze age archaeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and Liaoning. By the 9th to 4th century BCE, various historical and archaeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom.
Both Dangun and Gija are believed to be mythological figures.[2]
Earliest mythological rulers
Dangun Joseon
# | Portrait | Name | Period of reign | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | |||
1 | ![]() |
Dangun Wanggeom | 단군왕검 檀å›çދ儉 |
?–? BCE |
Gija Joseon
# | Portrait | Name | Period of reign | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | |||
1 | Gija | ê¸°ìž ç®•å |
1122?–1082? BCE | |
? | King Jun | 준왕 準王 |
?–194 BCE |
Wiman Joseon
# | Name | Period of reign | |
---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
1 | Wi Man | 위만 衛滿 | 194–? BCE |
2 | Unknown (Son of Wi Man) | Unknown | ?–? |
3 | King Ugeo | 우거왕 峿¸ 王 |
?–108 BCE |
Buyeo
Buyeo (c. 2nd century BC – 494 CE) ruled in modern-day Northeast China. Although records are sparse and contradictory, it is speculated that in the 1st century BCE, Dongbuyeo (Eastern Buyeo) branched out, after which the original Buyeo is sometimes referred to as Bukbuyeo (Northern Buyeo). Its remnants were absorbed by the neighboring and brotherhood kingdom of Goguryeo in 494.
Early Eastern Buyeo
# | Personal names | Period of reign | |
---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
1 | Hae Buru | 해부루 (解夫å©) | ?–? BCE |
2 | Hae Geumwa | 해금와 (解金蛙) | ?–18 BCE |
3 | Hae Daeso | 해대소 (è§£è‡ºç´ ) | ? BCE – 22 CE |
Galsa Buyeo
# | Name | Period of reign | |
---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
1 | Founder of Galsa | 갈사왕 (æ›·æ€çŽ‹) | 21 CE–? |
? | Hae Dodu | í•´ë„ë‘ (解都é ) | ?–68 CE |
Later Northern Buyeo
Name | Period of reign | |
---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | |
Butae | 부태왕 (夫å°çŽ‹) | ?–?, 2nd century |
Wigutae | 위구태왕 (慰仇太王) | ?–?, 2nd century |
Ganwigeo | 간위거왕 (ç°¡ä½å±…王) | ?–?, 3rd century |
Maryeo | ë§ˆë ¤ì™• (麻余王) | ?–?, 3rd century |
Uiryeo | ì˜ë ¤ì™• (便…®çŽ‹) | ?–285 CE |
Uira | ì˜ë¼ì™• (ä¾ç¾…王) | 286 CE–? |
Hyeon | 현왕 (玄王) | ?–346 CE |
Yeoul | 여울왕 (餘蔚王) | ?–384 CE |
Jan | ìž” (å±) | ?–494 CE |
Goguryeo
Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Goguryeo rulers may have used the title of Taewang (太王, "Greatest King"). [1]
# | Personal names[3][4] | Period of reign | Posthumous name [5] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
1 | Go Jumong Go Chumo Go Sanghae |
ê³ ì£¼ëª½ (高朱蒙) ê³ ì¶”ëª¨ (高鄒牟) ê³ ìƒí•´ (高象解) |
37–19 BCE | Dongmyeong Dongmyeongseong | ë™ëª…왕 (æ±æ˜ŽçŽ‹) ë™ëª…성왕 (æ±æ˜Žè–王) [6] |
2 | Hae Yuri Hae Yuryu Hae Nuri |
í•´ìœ ë¦¬ (è§£ç‰ç’ƒ, 類利) í•´ìœ ë¥˜ (è§£åºç•™) 해누리 (解累利) |
19 BCE – 18 CE | Yuri Yurimyeong | ìœ ë¦¬ì™• (ç‰ç’ƒçŽ‹) ìœ ë¦¬ëª…ì™• (ç‰ç’ƒæ˜ŽçŽ‹) [6] |
3 | Hae Muhyul | 해무휼 (解無æ¤) | 18–44 | Daemusin Daehaejuryu | ëŒ€ë¬´ì‹ ì™• (大æ¦ç¥žçŽ‹) 대해주류왕 (大解朱留王) |
4 | Hae Saekju | 해색주 (解色朱) | 44–48 | Minjung | 민중왕 (é–”ä¸çŽ‹) |
5 | Hae U Hae Aeru Hae Mangnae |
í•´ìš° (解憂) í•´ì• ë£¨ (解愛å©) 해막래 (解莫來) |
48–53 | Mobon | 모본왕 (慕本王) |
6 | Go Gung Go Eosu |
ê³ ê¶ (高宮) ê³ ì–´ìˆ˜ (高於漱) |
53–146 | Taejo Gukjo | 태조[대]왕 (太祖[大]王) êµì¡°ì™• (國祖王) |
7 | Go Suseong | ê³ ìˆ˜ì„± (é«˜é‚æˆ) | 146–165 | Chadae | 차대왕 (次大王) |
8 | Go Baekgo Go Baekgu |
ê³ ë°±ê³ (高伯固) ê³ ë°±êµ¬ (高伯å¥) |
165–179 | Sindae | ì‹ ëŒ€ì™• (新大王) |
9 | Go Nam-mu | ê³ ë‚¨ë¬´ (高男æ¦) | 179–197 | Gogukcheon Gukyang | ê³ êµì²œì™• (故國å·çŽ‹) êµì–‘왕 (國襄王) |
10 | Go Yeon-u Go Iimo |
ê³ ì—°ìš° (高廷優) ê³ ì´ì´ëª¨ (高伊夷模) |
197–227 | Sansang | ì‚°ìƒì™• (山上王) |
11 | Go Uwigeo Go Wigung Go Gyoche |
ê³ ìš°ìœ„ê±° (高憂ä½å±…) ê³ ìœ„ê¶ (高ä½å®®) ê³ êµì²´ (高郊彘) |
227–248 | Dongcheon Dongyang | ë™ì²œì™• (æ±å·çŽ‹) ë™ì–‘왕 (æ±è¥„王) |
12 | Go Yeonbul | ê³ ì—°ë¶ˆ (高然弗) | 248–270 | Jungcheon Jungyang | 중천왕 (ä¸å·çŽ‹) 중양왕 (ä¸è¥„王) |
13 | Go Yangno Go Yagu |
ê³ ì•½ë¡œ (高藥盧) ê³ ì•½ìš° (高若å‹) |
270–292 | Seocheon Seoyang | 서천왕 (西å·çŽ‹) 서양왕 (西襄王) |
14 | Go Sangbu Go Sapsiru |
ê³ ìƒë¶€ (高相夫) ê³ ì‚½ì‹œë£¨ (高æ’矢å©) |
292–300 | Bongsang Chigal | ë´‰ìƒì™• (烽上王) 치갈왕 (雉葛王) |
15 | Go Eulbul Go Ubul |
ê³ ì„불 (高乙弗) ê³ ìš°ë¶ˆ (高憂拂) |
300–331 | Micheon Hoyang | 미천왕 (美å·çŽ‹) 호양왕 (好攘王) |
16 | Go Sayu Go Yu Go Soe |
ê³ ì‚¬ìœ (高斯由) ê³ ìœ (高劉) ê³ ì‡ (高釗) |
331–371 | Gogugwon | ê³ êµì›ì™• (故國原王) |
17 | Go Gubu | ê³ êµ¬ë¶€ (高丘夫) | 371–384 | Sosurim | 소수림왕 (å°ç¸æž—王) |
18 | Go Yiryeon Go Eojiji |
ê³ ì´ë ¨ (高伊連) ê³ ì–´ì§€ì§€ (é«˜æ–¼åªæ”¯) |
384–391 | Gogugyang | ê³ êµì–‘왕 (故國攘王) |
19 | Go Damdeok Go An |
ê³ ë‹´ë• (高談德) ê³ ì•ˆ (高安) |
391–413 | Gwanggaeto the Great | ê´‘ê°œí† ì™• (廣開土王) |
20 | Go Georyeon Go Yeon |
ê³ ê±°ë ¨ (高巨連) ê³ ì—° (高璉) |
413–491 | Jangsu | 장수왕 (長壽王) |
21 | Go Na-un Go Un |
ê³ ë‚˜ìš´ (高羅雲) ê³ ìš´ (高雲) |
491–519 | Munjamyeong | 문ìžëª…왕 (文咨明王) |
22 | Go Heung-an Go An |
ê³ í¥ì•ˆ (高興安) ê³ ì•ˆ (高安) |
519–531 | Anjang | 안장왕 (安è—王) |
23 | Go Bojeong Go Jeong |
ê³ ë³´ì • (高寶廷) ê³ ì • (高廷) |
531–545 | Anwon | 안ì›ì™• (安原王) |
24 | Go Pyeongseong | ê³ í‰ì„± (高平æˆ) | 545–559 | Yangwon Yanggang | ì–‘ì›ì™• (陽原王) 양강왕 (陽崗王) |
25 | Go Yangseong Go Yang Go Tang |
ê³ ì–‘ì„± (高陽æˆ) ê³ ì–‘ (高陽) ê³ íƒ• (高湯) |
559–590 | Pyeongwon Pyeonggang | í‰ì›ì™• (平原王) í‰ê°•왕(平岡王) |
26 | Go Daewon Go Won |
ê³ ëŒ€ì› (高大元) ê³ ì› (高元) |
590–618 | Yeongyang Pyeongyang | ì˜ì–‘왕 (嬰陽王) í‰ì–‘왕 (平陽王) |
27 | Go Geonmu Go Mu Go Seong |
ê³ ê±´ë¬´ (高建æ¦) ê³ ë¬´ (高æ¦) ê³ ì„± (高æˆ) |
618–642 | Yeongnyu | ì˜ë¥˜ì™• (榮留王) |
28 | Go Bojang Go Jang |
ê³ ë³´ìž¥ (高寶è—) ê³ ìž¥ (高è—) |
642–668 | None | None |
Notes: [1] Some of Goguryeo's own records of individual kings, especially of the 19th (Gwanggaeto), use the title "Taewang" or "Hotaewang", roughly meaning Greatest King or Very Greatest King. Some argue that the title should be translated as "Emperor," equivalent of the Chinese title 皇å¸, but this is not widely accepted. The most complete and oldest existing Korean history text, the Samguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa, written centuries after Goguryeo was defeated, uses the title "Wang", meaning King.
[2] The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of 諡號.
[3] Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second (Yuri) through fifth (Mobon), whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.
[4] The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, and sometimes other records mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."
[5] The Jolbon line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu (History of the Wei dynasty) gives the following names: 朱蒙 Jumong, é–é” Yeodal, å§‹é–è«§ Shiryeohae, å¦‚æ — Yeoyul, and 莫來 Mangnae. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when king Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contact with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, å„’ç•™ Yuryu, and 大朱留 Daejuryu. The connections between those names are not clear.
Sources: The Academy of Korean Studies,[7] Korea Britannica Corp.[8] and the Doosan Encyclopedia.[9]
Baekje
Baekje (18 BC – AD 660) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Temple names were the same as personal names, unless noted otherwise.
# | Personal names | Period of reign | Posthumous name | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
1 | Buyeo Onjo | 부여온조 (扶餘溫祚) | 18 BCE – 28 CE | Onjo | 온조왕 (溫祚王) |
2 | Buyeo Daru | 부여다루 (扶餘多å©) | 28–77 | Daru | 다루왕 (多å©çŽ‹) |
3 | Buyeo Giru | 부여기루 (扶餘己å©) | 77–128 | Giru | 기루왕 (å·±å©çŽ‹) |
4 | Buyeo Gaeru | 부여개루 (扶餘蓋å©) | 128–166 | Gaeru | 개루왕 (è“‹å©çŽ‹) |
5 | Buyeo Chogo Buyeo Sogo Buyeo Sokgo |
ë¶€ì—¬ì´ˆê³ (扶餘肖å¤) ë¶€ì—¬ì†Œê³ (æ‰¶é¤˜ç´ å¤) 부여ì†ê³ (扶餘速å¤) |
166–214 | Chogo Sogo Sokgo | ì´ˆê³ ì™• (è‚–å¤çŽ‹) ì†Œê³ ì™• (ç´ å¤çŽ‹) ì†ê³ 왕 (速å¤çŽ‹) |
6 | Buyeo Gusu Buyeo Guisu |
부여구수 (扶餘仇首) 부여귀수 (æ‰¶é¤˜è²´é ˆ) |
214–234 | Gusu Guisu | 구수왕 (仇首王) 귀수왕 (è²´é ˆçŽ‹) |
7 | Buyeo Saban Buyeo Sabi Buyeo Sai |
부여사반 (扶餘沙泮) 부여사비 (扶餘沙沸) ë¶€ì—¬ì‚¬ì´ (扶餘沙伊) |
234 | Saban Sabi Sai | 사반왕 (沙泮王) 사비왕 (沙沸王) 사ì´ì™• (沙伊王) |
8 | Buyeo Goi Buyeo Gui Buyeo Gomo |
ë¶€ì—¬ê³ ì´ (扶餘å¤çˆ¾) ë¶€ì—¬êµ¬ì´ (扶餘久爾) ë¶€ì—¬ê³ ëª¨ (æ‰¶é¤˜å¤æ…•) |
234–286 | Goi Gui Gomo | ê³ ì´ì™• (å¤çˆ¾çŽ‹) 구ì´ì™• (久爾王) ê³ ëª¨ì™• (夿…•王) |
9 | Buyeo Chaekgye Buyeo Cheonggye |
부여책계 (扶餘責稽) 부여ì²ê³„ (扶餘é‘稽) |
286–298 | Chaekgye Cheonggye | 책계왕 (責稽王) ì²ê³„왕 (é‘稽王) |
10 | Buyeo Bunseo | 부여분서 (扶餘汾西) | 298–304 | Bunseo | 분서왕 (汾西王) |
11 | Buyeo Biryu | 부여비류 (扶餘比æµ) | 304–344 | Biryu | 비류왕 (比æµçŽ‹) |
12 | Buyeo Gye | 부여계 (扶餘契) | 344–346 | Gye | 계왕 (契王) |
13 | Buyeo Gu | 부여구 (扶餘å¥) | 346–375 | Geunchogo Chogo Sokgo Jogo | ê·¼ì´ˆê³ ì™• (è¿‘è‚–å¤çŽ‹) ì´ˆê³ ì™• (è‚–å¤çŽ‹) ì†ê³ 왕 (速å¤çŽ‹) ì¡°ê³ ì™•(ç…§å¤çŽ‹) |
14 | Buyeo Su | 부여수 (æ‰¶é¤˜é ˆ) | 375–384 | Geun-gusu Geun-guisu Guisu Guiryu Guso | 근구수왕 (近仇首王) 근귀수왕(近貴首) 귀수왕 (貴首王) 귀류왕(è²´æµçŽ‹) 구소왕(ä¹…ç´ çŽ‹) |
15 | Buyeo Chimnyu | 부여침류 (扶餘枕æµ) | 384–385 | Chimnyu | 침류왕 (æž•æµçŽ‹) |
16 | Buyeo Jinsa Buyeo Hwi |
부여진사 (扶餘辰斯) 부여휘 (扶餘暉) |
385–392 | Jinsa | 진사왕 (辰斯王) |
17 | Buyeo Asin Buyeo Abang Buyeo Ahwa Buyeo Ami |
ë¶€ì—¬ì•„ì‹ (扶餘阿莘) 부여아방 (扶餘阿芳) 부여아화 (扶餘阿花) 부여아미 (扶餘阿美) |
392–405 | Asin Abang Ahwa Ami | ì•„ì‹ ì™• (阿莘王) 아방왕 (阿芳王) 아화왕 (阿花王) 아미왕 (阿美王) |
18 | Buyeo Yeong Buyeo Jeon |
ë¶€ì—¬ì˜ (æ‰¶é¤˜æ˜ ) ë¶€ì—¬ì „ (扶餘腆) |
405–420 | Jeonji Jikji Jinji | ì „ì§€ì™• (腆支王) ì§ì§€ì™• (直支王) 진지왕 (眞支王) |
19 | Unknown | Unknown | 420–427 | Gu-isin | 구ì´ì‹ 왕 (久爾辛王) |
20 | Buyeo Biyu Buyeo Bi |
ë¶€ì—¬ë¹„ìœ (扶餘毗有) 부여비 (扶餘毗) |
427–455 | Biyu Gonyu Piryu | ë¹„ìœ ì™• (毗有王) ê³¤ìœ ì™• (昆有王) 피류왕 (é¿æµçŽ‹) |
21 | Buyeo Gyeong Buyeo Gyeongsa |
부여경 (扶餘慶) 부여경사 (扶餘慶å¸) |
455–475 | Gaero Geun-gaeru | 개로왕 (蓋鹵王) 근개루왕(è¿‘è“‹å©çŽ‹) |
22 | Buyeo Do Buyeo Modo |
ë¶€ì—¬ë„ (扶餘都) ë¶€ì—¬ëª¨ë„ (扶餘牟都) |
475–477 | Munju | 문주왕 (文周王) |
23 | Buyeo Samgeun Buyeo Samgeol Buyeo Imgeol |
부여삼근 (扶餘三斤) 부여삼걸 (扶餘三乞) 부여임걸 (扶餘壬乞) |
477–479 | Samgeun Mun-geun | 삼근왕 (三斤王) 문근왕 (文斤王) |
24 | Buyeo Modae Buyeo Dae Buyeo Mamo Buyeo Malda |
부여모대 (扶餘牟大) 부여대 (扶餘大) 부여마모 (扶餘摩牟) 부여ë§ë‹¤ (扶餘末多) |
479–501 | Dongseong Malda | ë™ì„±ì™• (æ±åŸŽçŽ‹) ë§ë‹¤ì™• (末多王) |
25 | Buyeo Sama Buyeo Yung |
부여사마 (扶餘斯麻 or 斯摩) 부여융 (扶餘隆) |
501–523 | Muryeong Sama | ë¬´ë ¹ì™• (æ¦å¯§çŽ‹) 사마왕 (斯麻王) |
26 | Buyeo Myeongnong Buyeo Myeong |
ë¶€ì—¬ëª…ë† (扶餘明禯 or æ˜Žç© ) 부여명 (扶餘明) |
523–554 | Seong Myeong Seongmyeong | 성왕 (è–王) 명왕 (明王) 성명왕 (è–æ˜ŽçŽ‹) |
27 | Buyeo Chang | 부여창 (扶餘昌) | 554–598 | Wideok Chang | 위ë•왕 (å¨å¾·çŽ‹) 창왕 (昌王) |
28 | Buyeo Gye | 부여계 (扶餘å£) | 598–599 | Hye Heon | 혜왕 (æƒ çŽ‹) 헌왕 (ç»çŽ‹) |
29 | Buyeo Seon Buyeo Hyosun |
ë¶€ì—¬ì„ (扶餘宣) 부여효순 (扶餘åé †) |
599–600 | Beop | 법왕 (法王) |
30 | Buyeo Jang Buyeo Seodong |
부여장 (扶餘璋) ë¶€ì—¬ì„œë™ (扶餘薯童) |
600–641 | Mu Mugang Mugwang | 무왕 (æ¦çŽ‹) 무강왕 (æ¦åº·çŽ‹) 무광왕 (æ¦å»£çŽ‹) |
31 | Buyeo Uija | 부여ì˜ìž (扶餘義慈) | 641–660 | None | None |
(32) | Buyeo Pung Buyeo Pungjang |
ë¶€ì—¬í’ (扶餘豊) 부여í’장 (扶餘豊障 or 豊璋) |
660–663 | None | None |
Silla
Silla (57 BC – 935 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak, Seok, and Kim families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including Isageum, Maripgan, and Daewang. Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor.
- Hyeokgeose Geoseogan í˜ê±°ì„¸ 거서간 朴赫居世居西干 (57 BCE – 4 CE)
- Namhae Chachaung 남해 차차웅 å—解次次雄 (4–24)
- Yuri Yisageum (24–57) ìœ ë¦¬ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ å„’ç†å°¼å¸«ä»Š (Kings Yuri to Heurhae bore the Korean title Isageum, an old word for "ruler")
- Talhae Isageum 탈해ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 脫解尼師今 (57–80)
- Pasa Isageum 파사ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 婆娑尼師今 (80–112)
- Jima Isageum 지마ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 祗摩尼師今 (112–134)
- Ilseong Isageum ì¼ì„±ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 逸è–尼師今 (134–154)
- Adalla Isageum 아달ë¼ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 阿é”羅尼師今 (154–184)
- Beolhyu Isageum 벌휴ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ ä¼ä¼‘尼師今 (184–196)
- Naehae Isageum ë‚´í•´ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 奈解尼師今 (196–230)
- Jobun Isageum ì¡°ë¶„ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 助è³å°¼å¸«ä»Š (230–247)
- Cheomhae Isageum 첨해ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 沾解尼師今 (247–261)
- Michu Isageum 미추ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 味鄒尼師今 (262–284)
- Yurye Isageum ìœ ë¡€ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 儒禮尼師今 (284–298)
- Girim Isageum 기림ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 基臨尼師今 (298–310)
- Heulhae Isageum í˜í•´ì´ì‚¬ê¸ˆ 訖解尼師今 (310–356)
- Naemul Maripgan 내물마립간 奈勿麻立干 (356–402) (Kings Naemul to Soji bore the Korean title Maripgan, an old word for "ruler")
- Silseong Maripgan 실성마립간 實è–麻立干 (402–417)
- Nulji Maripgan 눌지마립간 訥祗麻立干 (417–458)
- Jabi Maripgan ìžë¹„마립간 慈悲麻立干 (458–479)
- Soji Maripgan 소지마립간 炤智麻立干 (479–500)
- King Jijeung ì§€ì¦ì™• 智è‰çŽ‹ (500–514) (Kings Jijeung to Gyeongsun bore the title Wang (the modern Korean word for "king"), with the exceptions noted below)
- King Beopheung 법í¥ì™• 法興王 (514–540)
- King Jinheung ì§„í¥ì™• 眞興王 (540–576)
- King Jinji 진지왕 眞智王 (576–579)
- King Jinpyeong ì§„í‰ì™• 眞平王 (579–632)
- Queen Seondeok ì„ ë•왕 善德王 (632–647)
- Queen Jindeok ì§„ë•왕 眞德王 (647–654)
- King Taejong Muyeol 태종무열왕 太宗æ¦çƒˆçŽ‹ (654–661)
Unified Silla
- King Munmu 문무왕 æ–‡æ¦çŽ‹ (661–681)
- King Sinmun ì‹ ë¬¸ì™• 神文王 (681–692)
- King Hyoso 효소왕 åæ˜çŽ‹ (692–702)
- King Seongdeok 성ë•왕 è–德王 (702–737)
- King Hyoseong 효성왕 åæˆçŽ‹ (737–742)
- King Gyeongdeok ê²½ë•왕 景德王 (742–765)
- King Hyegong 혜공왕 æƒ æçŽ‹ (765–780)
- King Seondeok ì„ ë•왕 宣德王 (780–785)
- King Wonseong ì›ì„±ì™• å…ƒè–王 (785–798)
- King Soseong 소성왕 æ˜è–王 (798–800)
- King Aejang ì• ìž¥ì™• 哀莊王 (800–809)
- King Heondeok í—Œë•왕 憲德王 (809–826)
- King Heungdeok í¥ë•왕 興德王 (826–836)
- King Huigang í¬ê°•왕 僖康王 (836–838)
- King Minae ë¯¼ì• ì™• 閔哀王 (838–839)
- King Sinmu ì‹ ë¬´ì™• 神æ¦çŽ‹ (839)
- King Munseong 문성왕 æ–‡è–王 (839–857)
- King Heonan 헌안왕 憲安王 (857–861)
- King Gyeongmun 경문왕 景文王 (861–875)
- King Heongang 헌강왕 憲康王 (875–886)
- King Jeonggang ì •ê°•ì™• 定康王 (886–887)
- Queen Jinseong 진성왕 眞è–王 (887–897)
- King Hyogong 효공왕 åæçŽ‹ (897–912)
- King Sindeok ì‹ ë•왕 神德王 (912–917)
- King Gyeongmyeong 경명왕 景明王 (917–924)
- King Gyeongae ê²½ì• ì™• 景哀王 (924–927)
- King Gyeongsun 경순왕 æ•¬é †çŽ‹ (927–935)
Gaya confederacy
The Gaya confederacy (42–562) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore the title Wang ("King").
Geumgwan Gaya
Geumgwan Gaya (42–532) was one of the Gaya confederacy.
# | Name | Period of reign[10] | |
---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
1 | Suro | 수로왕 (首露王) | 42–199 |
2 | Geodeung | 거등왕 (居登王) | 199–259 |
3 | Mapum | 마품왕 (麻å“王) | 259–291 |
4 | Geojilmi | 거질미왕 (å±…å±å½ŒçŽ‹) | 291–346 |
5 | Isipum | ì´ì‹œí’ˆì™• (伊尸å“王) | 346–407 |
6 | Jwaji | 좌지왕 (å知王) | 407–421 |
7 | Chwihui | ì·¨í¬ì™• (å¹å¸ŒçŽ‹) | 421–451 |
8 | Jilji | 질지왕 (éŠçŸ¥çŽ‹) | 451–492 |
9 | Gyeomji | 겸지왕 (鉗知王) | 492–521 |
10 | Guhyeong | 구형왕 (仇衡王) | 521–532 |
Daegaya
Daegaya (42–562) was one of the Gaya confederacy.
# | Name | Period of reign | |
---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
1 | Ijinasi | ì´ì§„아시왕 (伊ç阿豉王) | 42 CE–? |
3 or 4 | Geumnim | 금림왕 (錦林王) | ?–? |
Unknown | Haji | 하지왕 (è·çŸ¥çŽ‹) | ?–? |
6 or 7 | Gasil | 가실왕 (嘉悉王 or 嘉實王) | ?–? |
9 | Inoe | ì´ë‡Œì™• (異腦王) | ?–? |
10 or 16 | or |
?–562 |
Balhae
Balhae (698–926) was an ancient Korean kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. Balhae occupied southern parts of Northeast China, Primorsky Krai, and the northern part of the Korean peninsula.
# | Personal name | Period of reign | Posthumous name (諡號) | Era name (年號) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
1 | Dae Jo-yeong | ëŒ€ì¡°ì˜ (大祚榮) | 698–719 | Go | ê³ ì™• (高王) | None | None |
2 | Dae Mu-ye | 대무예 (大æ¦è—) | 719–737 | Mu | 무왕 (æ¦çŽ‹) | Inan | ì¸ì•ˆ (ä»å®‰) |
3 | Dae Heum-mu | 대í 무 (大欽茂) | 737–793 | Mun | 문왕 (文王) | Daeheung Boryeok |
ëŒ€í¥ (大興) ë³´ë ¥ (寶曆) |
4 | Dae Won-ui | 대ì›ì˜ (大元義) | 793 | None | None | None | None |
5 | Dae Hwa-yeo | 대화여 (大è¯èˆ‡) | 793-794 | Seong | 성왕 (æˆçŽ‹) | Jungheung | ì¤‘í¥ (ä¸èˆˆ) |
6 | Dae Sung-rin | 대ìˆë¦° (大嵩璘) | 794–809 | Gang | 강왕 (康王) | Jeongryeok | ì •ë ¥ (æ£æ›†) |
7 | Dae Won-yu | 대ì›ìœ (大元瑜) | 809–812 | Jeong | ì •ì™• (定王) | Yeongdeok | ì˜ë• (永德) |
8 | Dae Eon-ui | ëŒ€ì–¸ì˜ (大言義) | 812–817? | Hui | í¬ì™• (僖王) | Jujak | 주작 (朱雀) |
9 | Dae Myeong-chung | 대명충 (å¤§æ˜Žå¿ ) | 817?–818? | Gan | 간왕 (簡王) | Taesi | 태시 (太始) |
10 | Dae In-su | 대ì¸ìˆ˜ (大ä»ç§€) | 818?–830 | Seon | ì„ ì™• (宣王) | Geonheung | ê±´í¥ (建興) |
11 | Dae Ijin | 대ì´ì§„ (大å½éœ‡) | 830–857 | Unknown | Unknown | Hamhwa | 함화 (咸和) |
12 | Dae Geonhwang | 대건황 (大虔晃) | 857–871 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
13 | Dae Hyeonseok | ëŒ€í˜„ì„ (大玄錫) | 871–895 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
14 | Dae Wihae | 대위해 (大瑋瑎) | 895–906 | None | None | Unknown | Unknown |
15 | Dae Inseon | 대ì¸ì„ (大諲è”) | 906–926 | None | None | Unknown | Unknown |
Later Baekje
Hubaekje (900–936) was founded by Gyeon Hwon, who was a general during Later Silla's period of decline. Thus began the Later Three Kingdoms period. Hubaekje met its downfall at the hands of Gyeon Hwon himself, who later led the Goryeo armies alongside Taejo of Goryeo to capture Singeom, the prince of Hubaekje, who had betrayed Gyeon Hwon.
# | Personal name | Period of reign | |
---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
1 | Gyeon Hwon | 견훤 (甄è±) | 900–935 |
2 | Gyeon Singeom | ê²¬ì‹ ê²€ (甄神åŠ) | 935–936 |
Later Goguryeo
Later Goguryeo (901–918), also known as Ma-jin or Taebong, was established by Gung-ye, an outcast prince of Silla. Gung-Ye joined General Yang-Gil's rebellion, and rose through the ranks. He eventually assassinated Yang-Gil and established a new kingdom, naming it Later Goguryeo. Gung-Ye turned out to be a tyrant, and was overthrown by his generals, opening the way for General Wang Geon, who established Goryeo.
# | Personal name | Period of reign | Era name (年號) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | ||
1 | Gung-ye | ê¶ì˜ˆ (弓裔) | 901–918 | Mutae Seongchaek Sudeok-Manse Jeong-gae |
무태 (æ¦æ³°) 성책 (è–冊) 수ë•만세 (æ°´å¾·è¬æ²) ì •ê°œ (政開) |
Goryeo dynasty
Goryeo (918–1392) was ruled by the Wang Dynasty. The first ruler had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively. Starting with Gwangjong, rulers of Goryeo styled themselves emperors, with the first three rulers elevated to that title posthumously. With the Mongol conquest, however, the title of the ruler was demoted to a king, or "Wang."
The next twenty-three kings (until Wonjong) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong. Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bracket where available.
# | Portrait | Personal name | Period of reign | Courtesy Name (C)/ Mongol name (M) / Pseudonym (Ps) |
Temple name (廟號) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號) (P) / Posthumous name given by Mongols (MP) |
Era name (年號) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | |||
1 | ![]() |
Wang Geon | 왕건 (王建) | 918–943 | Yakcheon (C) | 약천 (若天, C) | Taejo (T) Sinseong (P) |
태조 (太祖, T) ì‹ ì„± (神è–, P) |
Cheonsu | 천수 (天授) |
2 | Wang Mu | 왕무 (王æ¦) | 943–945 | Sunggeon (C) | 승건 (承乾, C) | Hyejong Uigong (P) |
혜종 (æƒ å®—, T) ì˜ê³µ (義æ, P) |
|||
3 | Wang Yo | 왕요 (çŽ‹å ¯) | 945–949 | Uicheon (C) | ì˜ì²œ (義天, C) | Jeongjong (T) Munmyeong (P) |
ì •ì¢… (定宗, T) 문명 (文明, P) |
|||
4 | Wang So | 왕소 (王æ˜) | 949–975 | Ilhwa (C) | ì¼í™” (æ—¥è¯, C) | Gwangjong (T) Daesung (P) |
광종 (光宗, T) 대성 (大æˆ, P) |
Gwangdeok Junpung |
ê´‘ë• (光德) ì¤€í’ (峻豊) | |
5 | Wang Yu | ì™•ìœ (王伷) | 975–981 | Jangmin (C) | 장민(é•·æ°‘, C) | Gyeongjong (T) Heonhwa (P) |
경종 (景宗, T) 헌화 (ç»å’Œ, P) |
|||
6 | Wang Chi | 왕치 (王治) | 981–997 | On-go (C) | ì˜¨ê³ (溫å¤, C) | Seongjong (T) Munui (P) |
성종 (æˆå®—, T) ë¬¸ì˜ (文懿, P) |
|||
7 | Wang Song | 왕송 (王誦) | 997–1009 | Hyosin (C) | íš¨ì‹ (å伸, C) | Mokjong (T) Seonyang (P) |
목종 (穆宗, T) ì„ ì–‘ (宣讓, P) |
|||
8 | Wang Sun | 왕순 (王詢) | 1009–1031 | Anse (C) | 안세 (安世, C) | Hyeonjong (T) Wonmun (P) |
현종 (顯宗, T) ì›ë¬¸ (元文, P) |
|||
9 | Wang Heum | 왕í (王欽) | 1031–1034 | Wonryang (C) | ì›ëŸ‰ (元良, C) | Deokjong (T) Gyeonggang (P) |
ë•종 (å¾·å®—, T) 경강 (敬康, P) |
|||
10 | Wang Hyeong | 왕형 (王亨) | 1034–1046 | Sinjo (C) | ì‹ ì¡° (申照, C) | Jeongjong (T) Yonghye (P) |
ì •ì¢… (é–å®—, T) 용혜 (å®¹æƒ , P) |
|||
11 | Wang Hwi | 왕휘 (王徽) | 1046–1083 | Chok-yu (C) | ì´‰ìœ (ç‡å¹½, C) | Munjong (T) Inhyo (P) |
문종 (文宗, T) ì¸íš¨ (ä»å, P) |
|||
12 | Wang Hun | 왕훈 (王勳) | 1083 | Uigong (C) | ì˜ê³µ (義æ, C) | Sunjong (T) Seonhye (P) |
순종 (é †å®—, T) ì„ í˜œ (å®£æƒ , P) |
|||
13 | Wang Un | 왕운 (王é‹) | 1083–1094 | Gyecheon (C) | 계천 (繼天, C) | Seonjong (T) Sahyo (P) |
ì„ ì¢… (宣宗, T) 사효 (æ€å, P) |
|||
14 | Wang Uk | 왕욱 (王昱) | 1094–1095 | None | None | Heonjong (T) Hoehyo (P) |
헌종 (ç»å®—, T) 사효 (懷å, P) |
|||
15 | Wang Ong | 왕옹 (王顒) | 1095–1105 | Cheonsang (C) | ì²œìƒ (天常, C) | Sukjong (T) Myeonghyo (P) |
숙종 (è‚…å®—, T) 명효 (明å, P) |
|||
16 | Wang U | 왕우 (王ä¿) | 1105–1122 | Semin (C) | 세민 (世民, C) | Yejong (T) Munhyo (P) |
예종 (ç¿å®—, T) 문효 (æ–‡å, P) |
|||
17 | Wang Hae | 왕해 (王楷) | 1122–1146 | Inpyo (C) | ì¸í‘œ (ä»è¡¨, C) | Injong (T) Gonghyo (P) |
ì¸ì¢… (ä»å®—, T) 공효 (æå, P) |
|||
18 | Wang Hyeon | 왕현 (王晛) | 1146–1170 | Ilsung (C) | ì¼ìй (æ—¥å‡, C) | Uijong (T) Janghyo (P) |
ì˜ì¢… (毅宗, T) 장효 (莊å, P) |
|||
19 | Wang Ho | 왕호 (王皓) | 1170–1197 | Jidan (C) | 지단 (之旦, C) | Myeongjong (T) Gwanghyo (P) |
명종 (明宗, T) 광효 (å…‰å, P) |
|||
20 | Wang Tak | ì™•íƒ (王晫) | 1197–1204 | Jihwa (C) | 지화 (至è¯, C) | Sinjong (T) Jeonghyo (P) |
ì‹ ì¢… (神宗, T) ì •íš¨ (é–å, P) |
|||
21 | Wang Yeong | ì™•ì˜ (王韺) | 1204–1211 | Bulpi (C) | 불피 (ä¸é™‚, C) | Huijong (T) Seonghyo (P) |
í¬ì¢… (熙宗, T) 성효 (æˆå, P) |
|||
22 | Wang O | 왕오 (王祦) | 1211–1213 | Daehwa (C) | 대화 (大è¯, C) | Gangjong (T) Wonhyo (P) |
강종 (康宗, T) ì›íš¨ (å…ƒå, P) |
|||
23 | Wang Cheol | ì™•ì² (王澈) | 1213–1259 | Cheon-u (C) | 천우 (天ç¥, C) | Gojong (T) Anhyo (P) Chungheon (MP) |
ê³ ì¢… (高宗, T) 안효 (安å, P) ì¶©í—Œ (å¿ æ†², MP) |
|||
24 | Wang Sik | ì™•ì‹ (王倎) | 1259–1274 | Ilsin (C) | ì¼ì‹ (日新, C) | Wonjong (T) Sunhyo (P) Chunggyeong (MP) |
ì›ì¢… (元宗, T) 순효 (é †å, P) ì¶©ê²½ (å¿ æ•¬, MP) |
|||
25 | Wang Geo | 왕거 (王椹) | 1274–1298 1298-1308 |
None | None | Chungnyeol (MP) Gyeonghyo (P) |
ì¶©ë ¬ (å¿ çƒˆ, MP) 경효 (景å, P) |
|||
26 | Wang Jang | 왕장 (王璋) | 1298 1308–1313 |
Jungang (C) Iǰirbuka (M) |
중앙 (仲昻, C) ì´ì§€ë¥´ë¶€ì¹´ (益知禮普花, M) |
Chungseon (MP) Heonhyo (P) |
ì¶©ì„ (å¿ å®£, MP) 헌효 (憲å, P) |
|||
27 | Wang Man | 왕만 (王燾) | 1313–1330 1332–1339 |
Uihyo (C) Aratnašri (M) |
ì˜íš¨ (宜å, C) ì•„ë¼íŠ¸ë‚˜ì‹œë¦¬ (阿刺訥忒失里, M) |
Chungsuk (MP) Uihyo (P) |
충숙 (å¿ è‚…, MP) ì˜íš¨ (懿å, P) |
|||
28 | Wang Jeong | ì™•ì • (王禎) | 1330–1332 1339–1344 |
Buddhašri (M) | 보탑실리 (普塔失里, M) | Chunghye (MP) Heonhyo (P) |
충혜 (å¿ æƒ , MP) 헌효 (ç»å, P) |
|||
29 | Wang Heun | ì™•í” (王昕) | 1344–1348 | Padma dorji (M) | 바스마ë„르지 (å…«æ€éº»æœ¶å…’åª, M) | Chungmok (MP) Hyeonghyo (P) |
충목 (å¿ ç©†, MP) 현효 (顯å, P) |
|||
30 | Wang Jeo | ì™•ì € (王蚳) | 1348–1351 | Misgen dorji (M) | 미스ì ë„르지 (è¿·æ€ç›£æœ¶å…’åª, M) | Chungjeong (MP) | ì¶©ì • (å¿ é–, MP) | |||
31 | ![]() |
Wang Jeon | ì™•ì „ (王祺) | 1351–1374 | Bayan Temür (M) Ijae / Ikdang (Ps) |
바얀 테무르 (伯顔帖木兒, M) ì´ìž¬ / ìµë‹¹ (Ps) |
Gongmin (P) Gyeonghyo (P) |
공민 (ææ„, P) 경효 (敬å, P) |
||
32 | Wang U | 왕우 (王禑) | 1374–1388 | None | None | U | None | |||
33 | Wang Chang | 왕창 (王昌) | 1388–1389 | None | None | Chang | None | |||
34 | Wang Yo | 왕요 (王瑤) | 1389–1392 | None | None | Gongyang | 공양 (æè®“, P) | |||
Joseon dynasty
Joseon (1392–1910) followed Goryeo. In 1897, when Joseon became the Korean Empire, some of the Joseon kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors.
Joseon monarchs had temple names ending in jo or jong. Jo was given to the first kings/emperors of new lines within the dynasty, with the first king/emperor having the special name (Taejo), which means "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo). Jong was given to all other kings/emperors.
Two kings, Yeonsangun and Gwanghaegun, were not given temple names after their reigns ended.
Each monarch had a posthumous name that included either the title Wang ("King"), Hwangje ("Emperor"), Daewang ("King X the Great"), or Daeje ("Emperor X the Great"). For the sake of consistency, the title "King/Emperor" has been added to each monarch's temple name in the list below.
# | Portrait | Personal name | Period of reign | Courtesy Name (C) / Pseudonym (Ps) |
Temple name (廟號) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號) (P) |
Era name (年號) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | |||
1 | ![]() |
Yi Seong-gye Yi Dan |
ì´ì„±ê³„ (æŽæˆæ¡‚) ì´ë‹¨ (æŽæ—¦) |
1392–1398 | Gunjin (C) Songheon (Ps) |
êµ°ì§„ (囿™‹, C) 송헌 (æ¾è»’, Ps) |
Taejo (T) Emperor Go (P) |
태조 (太祖, T) ê³ í™©ì œ (高皇å¸, P) |
||
2 | Yi Bang-gwa Yi Gyeong |
ì´ë°©ê³¼ (æŽèŠ³æžœ) ì´ê²½ (æŽæ›”) |
1398–1400 | Gwangwon (C) | ê´‘ì› (å…‰é , C) | Jeongjong (T) Gongjeong (P) |
ì •ì¢… (定宗, T) ê³µì • (æé–, P) |
|||
3 | Yi Bang-won | ì´ë°©ì› (æŽèгé ) | 1400–1418 | Yudeok (C) | ìœ ë• (éºå¾·, C) | Taejong (T) Gongjeong (P) |
태종 (太宗, T) ê³µì • (æå®š, P) |
|||
4 | Yi Do | ì´ë„ (æŽç¥¹) | 1418–1450 | Wonjeong (C) | ì›ì • (å…ƒæ£, C) | Sejong (T) Jangheon (P) |
세종 (世宗, T) 장헌 (莊憲, P) |
|||
5 | Yi Hyang | ì´í–¥ (æŽç¦) | 1450–1452 | Hwiji (C) | 휘지 (è¼ä¹‹, C) | Munjong (T) Gongsun (P) |
문종 (文宗, T) 공순 (æé †, P) |
|||
6 | Yi Hong-wi | ì´í™ìœ„ (æŽå¼˜ç·¯) | 1452–1455 | None | None | Danjong (T) Gongui (P) |
단종 (端宗, T) ê³µì˜ (ææ‡¿, P) |
|||
7 | Yi Yu | ì´ìœ (æŽç‘ˆ) | 1455–1468 | Suji (C) | 수지 (粹之, C) | Sejo (T) Hyejang (P) |
세조 (世祖, T) 혜장 (æƒ èŽŠ, P) |
|||
8 | Yi Gwang | ì´ê´‘ (æŽæ™„) | 1468–1469 | Myeingjo (C) Pyeongnam (C) |
명조 (明照, C) í‰ë‚¨ (å¹³å—, C) |
Yejong (T) Yangdo (P) |
예종 (ç¿å®—, T) ì–‘ë„ (襄悼, P) |
|||
9 | Yi Hyeol | ì´í˜ˆ (æŽå¨Ž) | 1469–1494 | None | None | Seongjong (T) Gangjeong (P) |
성종 (æˆå®—, T) ê°•ì • (康é–, P) |
|||
10 | Yi Yung | ì´ìœµ (æŽéš†) | 1494–1506 | None | None | Yeonsangun | ì—°ì‚°êµ° (燕山å›) | |||
11 | Yi Yeok | ì´ì— (æŽæ‡Œ) | 1506–1544 | Nakcheon (C) | 낙천 (樂天, C) | Jungjong (T) Gonghui (P) |
중종 (ä¸å®—, T) ê³µí¬ (æåƒ–, P) |
|||
12 | Yi Ho | ì´í˜¸ (æŽå³¼) | 1544–1545 | Cheonyun (C) | 천윤 (天胤, C) | Injong (T) Yeongjeong (P) |
ì¸ì¢… (ä»å®—, T) ì˜ì • (榮é–, P) |
|||
13 | Yi Hwan | ì´í™˜ (æŽå³˜) | 1545–1567 | Daeyang (C) | 대양 (å°é™½, C) | Myeongjong (T) Gongheon (P) |
명종 (明宗, T) 공헌 (ææ†², P) |
|||
14 | Yi Yeon | ì´ì—° (æŽèš£) | 1567–1608 | None | None | Seonjo (T) Sogyeong (P) |
ì„ ì¡° (宣祖, T) 소경 (æ˜æ•¬, P) |
|||
15 | Yi Hon | ì´í˜¼ (æŽç¿) | 1608–1623 | None | None | Gwanghaegun | ê´‘í•´êµ° (光海å›) | |||
16 | Yi Jong | ì´ì¢… (æŽå€§) | 1623–1649 | Cheonyun (C) Hwabaek (C) Songchang (Ps) |
천윤 (天胤, C) 화백 (和伯, C) 송창 (æ¾çª“, Ps) |
Injo (T) | ì¸ì¡° (ä»ç¥–, T) | |||
17 | Yi Ho | ì´í˜¸ (æŽæ·) | 1649–1659 | Jeongyeon (C) Juk-o (Ps) |
ì •ì—° (éœæ·µ, C) 죽오(竹梧, Ps) |
Hyojong (T) | 효종 (åå®—, T) | |||
18 | Yi Yeon | ì´ì—° (æŽæ£©) | 1659–1674 | Gyeongjik (C) | ê²½ì§ (景直, C) | Hyeonjong (T) | 현종 (顯宗, T) | |||
19 | Yi Sun | ì´ìˆœ (æŽç„ž) | 1674–1720 | Myeongbo (C) | 명보 (明èœ, C) | Sukjong (T) | 숙종 (è‚…å®—, T) | |||
20 | Yi Yun | ì´ìœ¤ (æŽæ˜€) | 1720–1724 | Hwiseo (C) | 휘서 (è¼ç‘ž, C) | Gyeongjong (T) | 경종 (景宗, T) | |||
21 | ![]() |
Yi Geum | ì´ê¸ˆ (æŽæ˜‘) | 1724–1776 | Gwangsuk (C) Yangseongheon (Ps) |
광숙 (å…‰å”, C) 양성헌 (養性軒, Ps) |
Yeongjo (T) | ì˜ì¡° (英祖, T) | ||
22 | Yi San | ì´ì‚° (æŽç¥˜) | 1776–1800 | Hyeongun (C) Hongjae (Ps) |
형운 (亨é‹, C) í™ìž¬ (弘齋, Ps) |
Jeongjo (T) | ì •ì¡° (æ£ç¥–, T) | |||
23 | Yi Gong | ì´ê³µ (æŽèš£) | 1800–1834 | Gongbo (C) Sunjae (Ps) |
공보(公寶, C) 순재 (純齋, Ps) |
Sunjo (T) | 순조 (純祖, T) | |||
24 | Yi Hwan | ì´í™˜ (æŽå¥) | 1834–1849 | Muneung (C) Wonheon (Ps) |
ë¬¸ì‘ (文應, C) ì›í—Œ (元軒, Ps) |
Heonjong (T) | 헌종 (憲宗, T) | |||
25 | ![]() |
Yi Byeon | ì´ë³€ (æŽæ˜ª) | 1849–1863 | Doseung (C) Daeyongjae (Ps) |
ë„승 (é“å‡, C) 대용재 (大勇齋, Ps) |
Cheoljong (T) | ì² ì¢… (哲宗, T) | ||
26 | ![]() |
Yi Myeong-bok Yi Hui |
ì´ëª…ë³µ (æŽå‘½ç¦) ì´í¬ (æŽã·©) |
1863–1897 | Seongrim (C) Juyeon (Ps) |
성림 (è–臨, C) 주연 (ç æ·µ, Ps) |
Gojong (T) * Emperor Tae (P) * |
ê³ ì¢… (高宗, T) * íƒœí™©ì œ (太皇å¸, P) * |
Gaeguk Geonyang Gwangmu * |
ê°œêµ (開國) ê±´ì–‘ (建陽) 광무 (å…‰æ¦) * |
* see Korean Empire section
Korean Empire
In 1897, Joseon Dynasty became Korean Empire, which lasted until 1910. Technically, the emperors should be referred to by their era names rather than their temple names, but the latter are commonly used.
# | Portrait | Personal name | Period of reign | Courtesy Name (C) / Pseudonym (Ps) |
Temple name (廟號) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號) (P) |
Era name (年號) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | Westernized | Hangul/Hanja | |||
1 | ![]() |
Yi Myeong bok Yi Hui |
ì´ëª…ë³µ (æŽå‘½ç¦) ì´í¬ (æŽã·©) |
1897–1907 | Seongrim (C) Juyeon (Ps) |
성림 (è–臨, C) 주연 (ç æ·µ, Ps) |
Gojong (T) Emperor Tae (P) |
ê³ ì¢… (高宗, T) íƒœí™©ì œ (太皇å¸, P) |
Gwangmu | 광무 (å…‰æ¦) |
2 | ![]() |
Yi Cheok | ì´ì²™ (æŽæ‹“) | 1907–1910 | Gundang (C) Jeongheon (Ps) |
êµ°ë°© (å›é‚¦, C) ì •í—Œ (æ£è»’, Ps) |
Sunjong (T) Emperor Hyo (P) |
순종 (純宗, T) íš¨í™©ì œ (å皇å¸, P) |
Yunghui | ìœµí¬ (隆熙) |
See also
- Resident-General of Korea, List of Japanese Residents-General of Korea (1905–1910)
- Governor-General of Korea, List of Japanese Governors-General of Korea (1910–1945)
- Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, List of presidents (1919–1948)
- North Korea (1948–present), List of leaders of North Korea / List of heads of state of North Korea
- South Korea (1948–present), List of Presidents of South Korea
- House of Yi
- Head of government of Korea
Notes
- ↑ Hyung Il Pai (2000). Constructing "Korean" Origins: A Critical Review of Archaeology, Historiography, and Racial Myth in Korean State-formation Theories. Harvard University Asia Center. pp. 89–92. ISBN 978-0-674-00244-9.
- ↑
- Seth, Michael J. (2010). A History of Korea: From Antiquity to the Present. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 443. ISBN 978-0-7425-6717-7.
- "An extreme manifestation of nationalism and the family cult was the revival of interest in Tangun, the mythical founder of the first Korean state... Most textbooks and professional historians, however, treat him as a myth."
- Stark, Miriam T. (2008). Archaeology of Asia. John Wiley & Sons. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-4051-5303-4.
- "Although Kija may have truly existed as a historical figure, Tangun is more problematical."
- Schmid, Andre (2013). Korea Between Empires. Columbia University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-231-50630-4.
- "Most [Korean historians] treat the [Tangun] myth as a later creation."
- Peterson, Mark (2009). Brief History of Korea. Infobase Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4381-2738-5.
- "The Tangun myth became more popular with groups that wanted Korea to be independent; the Kija myth was more useful to those who wanted to show that Korea had a strong affinity to China."
- Hulbert, H. B. (2014). The History of Korea. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-317-84941-4.
- "If a choice is to be made between them, one is faced with the fact that the Tangun, with his supernatural origin, is more clearly a mythological figure than Kija."
- ↑ Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second Yuri through fifth Mobon, whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.
- ↑ The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, and sometimes other records mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."
- ↑ The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of 諡號.
- 1 2 The Jolbon line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu History of the Wei dynasty gives the following names: 朱蒙 Jumong, é–é” Yeodal, å§‹é–è«§ Shiryeohae, å¦‚æ — Yeoyul, and 莫來 Mangnae. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when king Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contact with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, å„’ç•™ Yuryu, and 大朱留 Daejuryu. The connections between those names are not clear.
- ↑ http://kdaq.empas.com/koreandb/history/koreanking/html/person/koguryeo_king.html (The Academy of Korean Studies) Archived July 8, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ http://enc.daum.net/dic100//topView.do (Korea Britannica Corp.)
- ↑ ê³ êµ¬ë ¤ (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2013-10-07.
- ↑ Il-yeon: Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Epilogue, page 354. Silk Pagoda (2006). ISBN 1-59654-348-5 - note: the dates for Geojilmi's reign go there until 344
References
- Yoon, N.-H.(윤내현), The Location and Transfer of GO-CHOSUN's Capital(ê³ ì¡°ì„ ì˜ ë„ì 위치와 ê·¸ ì´ë™), 단군학연구, 7, 207 - 238 (2002)
- Byeon Tae-seop (변태ì„) (1999). 韓國å²é€šè«– (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed. ISBN 89-445-9101-6.
- Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31681-5.
- Kim, Jung Bae (1997). "Formation of the ethnic Korean nation and the emergence of its ancient kingdom states". Korean history: Discovery of its characteristics and developments. Seoul: Hollym. pp. 27–36. ISBN 1-56591-177-6.
- Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). Korea: Tradition and Transformation — A History of the Korean People. Hollym International. ISBN 0-930878-56-6.
- http://www.rootsinfo.co.kr/index_sub02.html (in Korean only)
- http://www.rulers.org