Moustapha Niasse

Moustapha Niasse

Moustapha Niasse (born November 4, 1939^[1]) is a Senegalese politician and diplomat who has been President of the National Assembly of Senegal since 2012. He served in the government of Senegal as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1978 to 1984 and again from 1993 to 1998. He was Prime Minister of Senegal for a few weeks in 1983, and he held that position again from 2000 to 2001.

Political career

Niasse was born in Keur Madiabel, Senegal.^[1] He was Director of the Presidential Cabinet from 1970 to 1979. In March 1979, he became Minister of Town Planning, Housing and Environment, serving in that position until September 1979,^[1] when he became Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was promoted to the rank of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs in January 1981 and served in that position until April 1984.^[2] He briefly served as Prime Minister for a month in April 1983 prior to the abolition of that position. Niasse served as Minister of Foreign Affairs for a second time from June 1993 to July 1998. He then became Representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations in the Great Lakes countries until 1999.^[1]

During the late 1990s he broke with President Abdou Diouf and formed his own party, the Alliance of the Forces of Progress (AFP). He was a candidate in the February 2000 presidential election, in which against President Diouf and long-time opposition leader Abdoulaye Wade also competed. Niasse received third place and 16.77% of the vote,^[3] while Diouf and Wade went to a runoff. Niasse supported Wade in the second round, and Wade promised him the position of Prime Minister; his support contributed to Wade's victory over Diouf. After Wade took office in early April 2000, he appointed Niasse as his Prime Minister.^[4]

Niasse served as Prime Minister until he resigned on March 3, 2001 due to the difficult relationship between himself and Wade.^[5] In the April 2001 parliamentary election, Niasse was elected to the National Assembly through national list proportional representation as an AFP candidate.^[6][7] In 2002, United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan appointed Niasse to be his envoy to the Democratic Republic of Congo in attempts to form a national unity government there.

Opposing an extension of the National Assembly's term beyond its five-year mandate, Niasse chose to resign his seat as a Deputy in June 2006, when the parliamentary term was originally scheduled to end.^[8]

In December 2006, Niasse was chosen as the candidate of Alternative 2007, a coalition of ten opposition parties, for the February 2007 presidential election.^[9] He was briefly detained by police in late January 2007, along with other opposition leaders, after participating in a banned protest regarding the delay of the next parliamentary election until June 2007.^[10] During the presidential campaign, Niasse blamed Wade for the Joola sea disaster; Wade in turn said that Niasse was a liar and that he was fortunate that he had not been jailed for crime he allegedly committed while serving as Prime Minister.^[11]

According to final results, Niasse placed fourth in the presidential election with 5.93% of the vote.^[12] He won one of the country's 34 departments, that of Nioro.^[13] Niasse rejected the results, alleged fraud, and said that the election was "a farce", but also said that he did not intend to file an appeal regarding the results.^[14]

Soon after the election, Wade mentioned Niasse as one of several opposition politicians who would be facing prosecution for corruption.^[15] Wade renewed an allegation, previously made in 2002, that Niasse had sold diplomatic passports to Taiwanese businessmen and others from that country.^[16]

In the March 2009 local elections, the opposition coalition Benno Siggil Senegaal—which included Niasse and the AFP—performed well in Nioro Department and across the country. Shortly afterward, Niasse said that Wade should react to his party's poor performance by dissolving the National Assembly and the Senate and resigning as President. According to Niasse, Wade "betrayed the people of Senegal" and put the country "in a catastrophic situation". He also derided Wade for having what he described as a "paranoid fixation" on Nioro Department.^[17]

In the February–March 2012 presidential election, Niasse stood again as a candidate and then backed Macky Sall against President Wade in the second round. Sall won the election. A few months later, Niasse was elected to the National Assembly in the July 2012 parliamentary election as a member of the coalition supporting President Sall. The presidential coalition won a large majority of seats. On 30 July 2012, he was elected as President of the National Assembly; he defeated opposition candidate Oumar Sarr, a loyalist of Wade.^[18] Niasse received 126 votes against 17 votes for Sarr; there were three blank votes.^[19]

On 11 October 2013, Niasse was re-elected as President of the National Assembly for another year.^[20]

References

1. Profile at Alliance des Forces de Progrès website.
2. List of former foreign ministers (click images for dates) at Senegalese Foreign Ministry web site. (French).
3. Elections in Senegal, African Elections Database.
4. "Senegal's Wade names prime minister", Reuters, April 2, 2000.
5. Diadie Ba, "Senegal's first woman premier appointed", Reuters, March 4, 2001.
6. List of deputies elected in the 2001 election at the Wayback Machine (archived April 22, 2003), Senegalese government website (French).
7. "Niasse Moustapha", Sénégal: Les Hommes de Pouvoir, number 5, Africa Intelligence, 17 July 2001 (French).
8. Amadou Diouf, "Moustapha Niasse démissionne de l'Assemblée nationale", Wal Fadjri, June 15, 2006 (French).
9. "Senegalese opposition leader heads new coalition", African Press Agency, December 22, 2006.
10. "Police free Senegalese opposition leaders", African Press Agency, January 27, 2007.
11. Nico Colombant, "Senegalese Candidates Trade Accusations on Campaign Trail", VOA News, February 10, 2007.
12. "Le texte intégral de la décision du Conseil constitutionnel", Agence de Presse Sénégalaise, March 11, 2007 (French).
13. "Abdoulaye Wade passe au premier tour avec 55,07 %, selon des chiffres provisoires", Agence de Presse Sénégalaise, March 1, 2007 (French).
14. "Defeated candidate challenges Wade’s victory but will not file an appeal", African Press Agency, March 2, 2007.
15. "Wade announces resumption of legal proceedings against some politicians", African Press Agency, March 1, 2007.
16. "Senegal, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006", U.S. Department of State, March 6, 2007.
17. Pape Bakary Kamara, "Moustapha Niasse - 'Abdoulaye Wade doit démissionner'", Wal Fadjri, 24 March 2009 (French).
18. "Senegal's Niasse elected parliament speaker", Agence France-Presse, 31 July 2012.
19. "Moustapha Niasse élu président de l'Assemblée nationale", Agence de Presse Sénégalaise, 30 July 2012 (French).
20. "Renouvellement sans surprise, mais non sans critiques, du bureau de l'Assemblée sénégalaise", Radio France Internationale, 12 October 2013 (French).