Mujaddid

A mujaddid (Arabic: مجدد‎), is an Islamic term for one who brings "renewal" (تجديد tajdid) to the religion.[1][2] According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity.

The concept is based not on the Quran but on a famous hadith (Prophetic tradition) recorded by Abu Dawood: Abu Hurairah narrated that the Islamic prophet Muhammad said:

“ Allah will raise for this community at the end of every hundred years the one who will renovate its religion for it. ”
— Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim [Battles], Hadith Number 4278[3]

Mujaddid tend to come from the most prominent Islamic scholars of the time, although they are sometimes pious rulers.[2]

List of claimants and potential Mujaddids

While there is no formal mechanism for designating a mujaddid, there is often a popular consensus. The Shia and the Naqshbandi order have their own list of mujaddids.[2]

First Century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)

Second Century (August 10, 815)

Third Century (August 17, 912)

Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)

Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)

Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)

Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)

Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)

Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)

Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)

Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)

Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)

Thirteenth Century (November 14, 1882)

Fourteenth Century (November 21, 1979)

References

  1. ↑ Faruqi, Burhan Ahmad. The Mujaddid's Conception of Tawhid. p. 7. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 Meri, Josef W. (ed.). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 678.
  3. ↑ Sunan Abu Dawood, 37:4278
  4. 1 2 3 "Mujaddid Ulema". Living Islam.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906.
  6. 1 2 3 Waines, David (2003). An Introduction to Islam. Cambridge University Press. p. 210. ISBN 0521539064.
  7. 1 2 3 Waliullah, Shah. Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa. p. 77, part 7.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nieuwenhuijze, C.A.O.van (1997). Paradise Lost: Reflections on the Struggle for Authenticity in the Middle East. p. 24. ISBN 90 04 10672 3.
  9. 1 2 Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906
  10. ↑ Ihya Ulum Ad Din, Dar Al Minhaj: Volume 1. p. 403.
  11. ↑ "Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth Century Hujjat al-Islam". The Pen. February 1, 2011.
  12. ↑ Jane I. Smith, Islam in America, p 36. ISBN 0231519990
  13. ↑ Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566
  14. ↑ Willard Gurdon Oxtoby, Oxford University Press, 1996, p 421
  15. ↑ "al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149-1209)". Muslim Philosophy.
  16. ↑ "Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani". Hanafi.co.uk.
  17. 1 2 Azra, Azyumardi (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia part of the ASAA Southeast Asia Publications Series. University of Hawaii Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780824828486.
  18. ↑ Glasse, Cyril (1997). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. p. 432. ISBN 90 04 10672 3.
  19. ↑ "A Short Biographical Sketch of Mawlana al-Haddad". Iqra Islamic Publications.
  20. ↑ Kunju, Saifudheen (2012). "Shah Waliullah al-Dehlawi: Thoughts and Contributions": 1. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  21. ↑ "Gyarwee Sharif". al-mukhtar books.
  22. ↑ O. Hunwick, John (1995). African And Islamic Revival in Sudanic Africa: A Journal of Historical Sources. p. 6.
  23. 1 2 Rippin, Andrew. Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. p. 282.
  24. ↑ "Services As A Mujadid". Alahazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan.
  25. ↑ "The Promised Messiah". Al Islam.

Further reading

External links

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