Obec
Obec (plural: obce or obcÃ) is the Czech and Slovak word for a municipality (both in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and abroad). The literal meaning of the word is "commune" or "community". It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected representatives. Cities are also municipalities. The council is called "obecnà zastupitelstvo/obecné zastupiteľstvo" or "zastupitelstvo mÄ›sta/mestské zastupiteľstvo" or "zastupitelstvo mÄ›styse", the office is called "obecnà úřad/obecný úrad" or "úřad mÄ›sta/mestský úrad" or "úřad mÄ›styse". An obec can have its own flag and coat of arms. An obec is composed of one or more cadastral areas ("katastrálnà územÃ/katastrálne územia"). Obec can have several settlements or parts whether villages or hamlets.[1]
Slovakia
There are 2891 obcà in Slovakia as of 2008.[2]
After meeting certain conditions such as population over 5000, being well accessible, having cultural or economical significance and having an urban style of settlement an obec can be declared a town ("mesto").[1]
Czech Republic
The number of municipalities (obcÃ) in the Czech Republic is 6250 (in 2010).
Whole area of the republic including mountains, forests and national parks is divided into municipalities (excepting military grounds). Smallest municipalities are shaped only by one small village, some by two or more villages or by the city and several villages. Mostly a municipality has the same name as the settlement where is the municipal office, but there are many exceptions: some municipalities have double name (Sedlec-PrÄice, Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav), some municipalities have a name which have no its settlement (Orlické PodhůřÃ) and some municipalities have the office in other part than in the "nominal".
The smallest Czech municipalities are Závist (0,42 km2) and Karlova Studánka (0,46 km2). The lowest number of the population has Vysoká Lhota (17 inhabitants by ČSÚ, 2013) and Čilá (18 inhabitants), many small municipalities have populations only of tens. Typical rural municipality has hundreds of inhabitants.
The biggest are Prague (496,09 km2, 1,3 mil. inh.), Brno (230,19 km2, 405 thous.), Ostrava (214,22 km2, 313 thous.) and by extent is the fourth Ralsko (170,23 km2, including a former military area, only 2 thousands inhabitants).
Every city (mÄ›sto) or town (mÄ›stys) is a "obec" (some separately, some along with attached villages). Not even the biggest cities are divided into more municipalities, but several biggest cities ("statute cities") can have self-governing subdivisions, so-called city parts (mÄ›stská Äást) or sup by city circuits (mÄ›stský obvod) which have standing partly similar to small municipalities.
Some of municipalities have only basic status of municipality, some have extended competencies of delegated state administration (pověřená obec, obec s rozÅ¡ÃÅ™enou působnostÃ) for yourself and for surrounding lowly municipalities.
MÄ›sto (a city) and mÄ›stys (a town) is currently above all ceremonious honorary degree. Some municipalities have such title for historic reasons, though they are small. Smallest cities are PÅ™ebuz (population of 69 inhabitants) and LouÄná pod KlÃnovcem (87 inhabitants). The law makes it possible to restitute by request a status of city or town for every municipality which lost it (during communist period). But a municipality which want to acquire status of city (mÄ›sto) firstly, must have population over 3000 and the improvement in status is subject of assessment by chairman of the parliament. For mÄ›stys (town) is no definite population. The biggest of cities are "statute cities" and can have self-governing subdivisions. A special type of municipality is the capital Prague, which has simultaneously a status of municipality and a status of region and which is treated by special law.
List
- List of municipalities in the Czech Republic: A - I
- List of municipalities in the Czech Republic: J - M
- List of municipalities in the Czech Republic: N - Ř
- List of municipalities in the Czech Republic: S - Ž
References
- 1 2 "Zákona NR SR Ä. 369/1990 Zb. o obecnom zriadenÃ" (in Slovak). www.zakonypreludi.sk. 2010-03-19.
- ↑ "Urban and Municipal Statistics" (in Slovak). 2010-03-19.
External links
See also
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