Murder of Lesley Whittle
The murder of Lesley Whittle occurred in January 1975, in the United Kingdom and dominated national headlines for 11 months. The investigation of her kidnap and murder involved over 400 officers from the Shropshire, Staffordshire and West Midlands police forces and the Metropolitan Police.[1][2]
Whittle, aged 17, was kidnapped from her home in Highley, Shropshire, by Donald Neilson, who by that time had committed over 400 burglaries and three fatal shootings. He was known to the British press as the Black Panther, for the black balaclava he wore during robberies of post offices.
Neilson held Whittle in an underground drainage shaft of a reservoir at Bathpool Park in Kidsgrove, Staffordshire. He had placed a hood over her head, left her naked, and tethered her to the side of the shaft by a wire noose.[3] After what was later seen as a bungled police operation, including two failed attempts to engage with Neilson's demand for a ransom of £50,000, her body was found hanging in the shaft on 7 March 1975.
After being arrested 11 months later in Mansfield, in July 1976 at Oxford Crown Court Neilson was convicted of the kidnapping and murder of Whittle, for which he was sentenced to life imprisonment. Three weeks later he was convicted of the murder of three post office workers, and given three further life sentences.[3]
Lesley Whittle
Lesley Whittle, born 1957, was the daughter of George Whittle, the founder of Whittle Coaches, and his girlfriend Dorothy.[4] At the time of her kidnap, Lesley was a student at Wulfrun College, Wolverhampton.[5]
Background
To avoid estate taxes, George Whittle gave three houses plus £70,000 in cash to Dorothy, £107,000 to his son Ronald, and £82,000 to Lesley during his life. He died in 1970, aged 65. As he had left nothing to her, George's estranged wife, Selina Whittle, began legal proceedings in May 1972 to obtain reasonable provision from her husband's estate. The story was picked up by the Daily Express.[6]
Kidnap
Requiring money, Neilson read about a dispute between Whittle and Selina. Incensed at Selina's treatment, he decided he was going to kidnap either Ronald or Dorothy Whittle and hold them until a £50,000 ransom had been paid. He had estimated that the Whittles could easily afford £50,000. Police subsequently found that ex-British Army soldier Neilson had put three years of planning into the kidnap.
On 14 January 1975, Dorothy Whittle returned to the house in Highley, Shropshire, at 1.30 am.[5] Having found her daughter asleep in bed, Dorothy took two sleeping tablets and went to bed herself. Neilson later cut the telephone line (suspecting a burglar alarm) and then entered the Whittles' home through the garage.[3] Encountering Lesley by mistake, he decided to kidnap her instead. Gagging the teenager, who was wearing only her dressing gown and slippers, he took her to his green Morris 1100 car, where he tied her up and laid her down on the back seat.[3]
Neilson then drove Lesley to Bathpool Park in Kidsgrove, Staffordshire. There he forced her down into the drainage shaft of the nearby reservoir. Inside the shaft he placed a hood over her head, removed the dressing gown leaving her naked and then tethered her to the side of the shaft by a wire noose. There was a mattress and a sleeping bag.[3]
The following morning, after her daughter failed to come down for breakfast, Dorothy discovered in Lesley's bedroom that her daughter's clothes for that day were untouched and a ransom note punched out on a 6 ft strip of Dymotape.[5] It demanded £50,000 and instructed the family not to contact the police, but to wait for a telephone call at a phonebox at the Swan shopping centre in Kidderminster that evening.[4] Dorothy picked up her home telephone to ring Lesley's brother Ronald, but on finding it dead, rushed in her dressing gown to her car. She drove to Ronald's house and then returned with Ronald and his wife, Gaynor, back to the Whittle family home, where they found a second copy of the Dymotape ransom note tucked inside a box of Turkish Delight in the lounge. After finding that Lesley's dressing gown and slippers were missing, confirming that she had been kidnapped, Ronald Whittle immediately called West Mercia Police.[7]
Investigation
An investigation led by Detective Chief Superintendent Robert Booth of West Mercia Police, with assistance from Scotland Yard sent a team led by Commander John Morrison that included DCI Walter Boreham.[2] During the height of the investigation, it involved over 250 officers from the Shropshire, Staffordshire and West Midlands police forces, plus Scotland Yard. But a series of police bungles and other circumstances delayed the investigation.[2]
The story quickly leaked to the press, and was carried on the evening television news that day. No telephone call came to the Swan shopping centre phonebox in Kidderminster.
At 11:45 pm on 16 January, in a tape played by Neilson over the telephone, a message recorded by Lesley told her family that she was alright, and that someone from her family was to go to the phonebox in Kidsgrove, Stoke-on-Trent, to retrieve a second message that was behind the back-board of the phonebox. Verifying the voice as Lesley's, it was agreed that Ronald Whittle would undertake the drop, monitored by a police radio network that could give him assistance within two minutes. After the police had taken two hours to make extensive arrangements, Ronald left Bridgnorth police station at 1:30 am on 17 January, with a suitcase packed with £50 000 to drive to Kidsgrove. But being unfamiliar with the area he got lost, eventually arriving at Kidsgrove Post Office phonebox late. After searching for thirty minutes, he found a Dymotape message that directed him to Bathpool Park, which was situated about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) away. The message instructed him to:[6]
| “ | GO TO THE TOP OF THE LANE AND TURN INTO NO ENTRY GO TO THE WALL AND FLASH LIGHTS LOOK FOR TORCHLIGHT RUN TO TORCH FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS ON TORCH | ” |
Arriving at Bathpool Park 90 minutes late, Ronald turned into the "No Entry" sign as instructed, but in the dark he did not see the low wall that edged the railway bridge, and drove to the end of the lane. He stopped, flashed his lights and then got out of the car and shouted; there was no-one there. Ronald left the park and met up again with the police at an arranged meeting point. West Mercia police officers put the blame for the failed operation onto Staffordshire Police, when a patrol car was seen driving through the area. A courting couple in a car had also parked near where the ransom was to have been left.[3] A subsequent search of Bathpool Park by police revealed no clues.
A week later, West Midlands Police contacted West Mercia. On the same night of the failed ransom drop, a car had been left near a Freightliner railway terminal in Dudley, where security guard Gerald Smith had been shot in the back six times, and was now in hospital recovering. In the car were: a cassette tape with Lesley Whittle's voice on it, asking her relatives to co-operate with the kidnapper; her slippers; a roll of plastic tape; all of which linked Neilson to the kidnapping. Ballistics evidence and finger prints on the cartridges also linked the same man to the Freightliner shooting, the previous post office robberies and hence the Black Panther murders.[3]
On 10 February 1975, the news black-out was lifted. On 5 March, Chief Superintendent Booth and Ronald Whittle appeared together on both national and local television. The next day a headmaster at a local school told police that a pupil had brought him a piece of Dymotape that read "DROP SUITCASE INTO HOLE" and, subsequently, other pupils had found a torch wedged in the grilles of what was locally known as the "glory-hole", one of the capped ventilation shafts of the old Harecastle Tunnel. The boys who found the torch in Bathpool Park had given it to the headmaster several weeks before, but neither had realised the significance of the find until the television broadcast.
On 6 March 1975, police started a second thorough search of Bathpool Park, starting with the glory-hole, within which a detective constable found a Dymotape machine and a roll of Dymotape. An inspection of the second shaft revealed nothing. The third shaft, the deepest of the three and once an air ventilation shaft for Nelson's Coal Mine, was then uncapped. As it was subject to HM Inspectorate of Mines regulations it had to be checked for gas, and so late in the day the investigation was suspended. On Friday, 7 March 1975, after gas tests had been passed, police officers and mine rescue staff entered the third shaft. Accessed by a vertical ladder, 22 feet (6.7 m) down on the first landing, a broken police torch was found from the previous day's work. A further 45 feet (14 m) down on a second landing, a cassette tape recorder was found. A further 54 feet (16 m) down on a third landing, the team found a rolled up sleeping bag that was acting as a pillow, a yellow foam mattress and a survival blanket. Lesley's body was found hanging from a steel wire, only 7 inches (180 mm) from the bottom of the shaft.[8]
Subsequent inspection of the floor of the shaft, 7 feet (2.1 m) below the third landing, found: used 3 inches (76 mm) strips of elastoplast which had been used as a blindfold; a pair of brown size 7 trainers; more Dymotape; a cassette tape; a microphone and lead; a Thermos flask; blue cord trousers; and a reporter's note pad. Out of all of the items recovered from the three shafts which were later forensically inspected by the police, there was only one partial fingerprint, on the reporter's notepad. After four months of every other fingerprint investigation in the nation being practically put on hold, no match could be found.[6]
Consequent actions
Chief Superintendent Bob Booth, who led the investigation into Lesley's kidnapping, was subsequently demoted from CID to a uniformed beat officer.[8] DCI Walter Boreham later recalled that, although the Scotland Yard team finished up with several million handwritten index cards, as well as tens of thousands of statements and other documents, Home Office computer scientists were sceptical that computerising the case, then a rarity, would be an improvement.[2] Alex Rennie, who was Chief Constable of West Mercia Police when Leslie Whittle was murdered,[9] had all of the notes not used during the trial destroyed when he retired. Rennie, in retirement, later explained:[10]
| “ | We took thousands of notes and interviewed hundreds of witnesses and potential suspects. The reason (that I had the notes destroyed) being it might have been poking our noses into the private lives of people and upsetting families. Journalists and others had virtually demanded to be given the information, and that would have been dishonest and might have caused irreparable damage to families. | ” |
Cause of Whittle's death and post mortem findings
It is widely believed that Neilson pushed Lesley off the ledge in the drainage shaft, strangling her. An alternative scenario is that Neilson was not present when Whittle died and that he fled on the night of the failed ransom collection without returning to the shaft, believing the police were closing in on him, leaving Whittle alive in the dark for a considerable period of time before falling to her death.
Post-mortem examination showed that Whittle had not died from strangulation but had died instantaneously from vagal inhibition.[11] The shock of the fall had caused her heart to stop beating. The pathologist, Dr John Brown, reported that this would have been induced by high blood pressure in her carotid artery, caused by the constrictive wire loop around her neck triggering an alarm to her brain via the vagus nerve. The brain's response to this urgent signal for reduction in artery pressure would be to slow down radically the heart and when that failed, her heart stopped altogether. The pathologist reported that Lesley weighed only 7 stone (98 lb or 44 kg) when found, her stomach and intestines were completely empty, she had lost a considerable amount of weight and was emaciated.[8]
Arrest and conviction
Neilson subsequently became Britain's most wanted man.[4] In December 1975, two police officers spotted a man seen acting suspiciously in Mansfield, who turned out to be Neilson. Armed with a sawn-off shotgun, he was arrested with the help of several customers in a nearby fish and chips shop.
In the subsequent investigation, Neilson's fingerprints were found to match one of those in the drain shaft. In the interview at Kidsgrove police station when he confessed to the kidnapping of Lesley, Neilson gave an 18-page statement to DCS Harold Wright, head of Staffordshire CID, and Commander Morrison of Scotland Yard, with the statement hand-written by DCI Walter Boreham.[2]
During his trial in the Crown Court at Oxford, Neilson's defence lawyer suggested that Lesley had accidentally fallen from the ledge and had hanged herself, and that in Neilson's care he had fed her chicken soup, spaghetti and meatballs, and bought her fish and chips and chicken legs. In July 1976, Neilson was convicted of the murder of Lesley Whittle, for which he was given a life sentence; and a further 61 years for kidnapping. Three weeks later he was convicted of the murder of three post office workers, and given three further life sentences. The offences regarding the shooting of security guard Gerald Smith were left on file, as Smith had died over a year after the shooting.[3]
2008 appeal and Neilson's death
In 2008, Neilson was suffering from motor neurone disease and appealed against his sentence, requesting it be commuted to a maximum of 30 years. Mr Justice Teare ruled that he must never be released from prison, saying:[12]
| “ | This is a case where the gravity of the applicant's offences justifies a whole life order. The manner in which the young girl was killed demonstrates that it too involved a substantial degree of premeditation or planning. It also involved the abduction of the young girl. The location and manner of Lesley Whittle's death indicates that she must have been subjected by the applicant to a dreadful and horrific ordeal. | ” |
Neilson died in hospital, still serving his sentence, in December 2011.[4][12]
References
- ↑ Osman, Arthur (17 February 1975). "Press upset over case of abducted girl". The Times (59322) (London). p. 2.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Walter Boreham". The Daily Telegraph (London). 12 October 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "BBC – Legacy of Black Panther murders". BBC News. 27 January 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 Peter Rhodes (14 January 1975). "Black Panther Donald Neilson is dead « Express & Star". Express & Star. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- 1 2 3 Osman, Arthur (15 January 1975). "Death threat in £50,000 ransom note". The Times (59294) (London). p. 1.
- 1 2 3 http://www.kidsgrove.info/legend.htm
- ↑ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 1975: Heiress Lesley Whittle kidnapped". BBC News. 14 January 1975. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- 1 2 3 "1975: Kidnapped heiress found strangled". BBC News. 7 March 1975.
- ↑ http://www.westmercia.police.uk/news/news-articles/former-police-chief-visits-hq.html
- ↑ "Chief had Panther notes destroyed". BBC News. 17 July 2009.
- ↑ "Police say heiress died from shock". Daytona Beach Morning Journal/Google. 10 March 1975. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
- 1 2 "BBC News – Murderer Donald Neilson, the 'Black Panther', dies". BBC. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011.