Muriel Morley

Muriel Morley OBE (1899 - 1993) was an English speech therapist who worked internationally. She was president of the College of Speech Therapists.

Early years

Muriel Elizabeth Morley (1899-1993) was born on 20 February 1899 in Halifax, Yorkshire. She was the eldest daughter of Samuel Edwin Morley and his wife, Helen Ann Monk (née Fletcher). Morley attended high schools in Halifax and Monkseaton (North Tyneside) and went on to read physics and biology at Armstrong College, a division of the University of Durham located in Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1920 she graduated with a BSc and a certificate of education. She taught physics at the Church High School in Newcastle for ten years before taking up a teaching post in India. Whilst working in India, Morley contracted dysentery and upon her return to England she was advised that she was no longer strong enough for work in the classroom.[1]

Speech and Language Therapy

In 1932, after working for a period of time as a secretary due to her forced change of career, Morley responded to an advertisement placed by William Wardell, a plastic surgeon located in Newcastle upon Tyne. Wardell had developed a new type of pharyngoplasty for children with cleft palate and wanted an "educated woman" to assess the speech skills of the children before and after surgery, to help determine the effectiveness of the operation. Having not ever heard of the profession of speech therapy, Morley applied for the post. After she was appointed, she immediately immersed herself in her new job, increasing her knowledge of cleft palate by reading books and articles and learning photography as a useful adjunct to her work. The following five years were a turning point for Morley and patients with disorders of speech other than cleft palate were referred to her. Realising that she needed to further her knowledge but unable to afford the part-time speech therapy training courses available in London, Morley trained as a speech therapist by working with colleagues in Liverpool and London in hospitals and school clinics. In 1938, her efforts were rewarded when she gained the diploma of the British Society of Speech Therapists.

Now a qualified speech therapist, Morley was appointed as a therapist at the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Newcastle upon Tyne. Whilst working for two sessions a week, she spent time preparing a thesis on cleft palate, which later became the basis for her book Cleft Palate and Speech, passed in April 1939. It is around this time that she also gained membership of the British Society of Speech Therapists; its members were admitted to the College of Speech Therapists founded in 1945 (later she would become its President in 1971 and the editor of its academic journal). Morley's book gave thorough descriptions of the anatomy of cleft palate, surgery, associated speech problems and practical suggestions for treatment. It became a source of standard work in this field when published in 1945.

Between 1940 and 1945 people were becoming increasingly aware of speech therapy and the profession gained more recognition. By 1945 Morley had set up Newcastle's hospital speech therapy service and was now working full-time as a therapist in three different hospitals. Her treatment covered a variety of speech, language and communication disorders including aphasic ex-servicemen suffering from head injuries sustained in World War II. As Morley's practice expanded, she was obliged to involve parents in the treatment of their child's speech and language disorder to manager her bulging caseload. However, soon she recognised the benefits of this and became an exponent of parental involvement in speech therapy.

Research

One of her major studies, with colleagues in Child Health, Neurology and Statistics was conducted between 1950 and 1953. During this time, Morley's department researched into the normal and abnormal development of speech in a group of over 1000 children at ages 2,4,6 and 15 as part of the Newcastle Thousand Families survey. In 1957 she published part of this study together with examples of her work in multidisciplinary clinics as The Development and Disorders of Speech in Childhood. This work was regarded as a landmark in speech pathology in the United States of America. In 1958, on the basis of this book, Morley was awarded the degree of DSc by the University of Durham.

Morley made her first of several visits to the USA in 1951 where she found the standard of clinical work was below that of the UK, but that academically the training was more extensive. Upon her return to the UK, Morley hoped that a university degree course might persuade more people into the profession. Eventually, she persuaded the university in Newcastle, still then part of the University of Durham, to investigate the possibility of setting up a degree. In 1959, Morley's idea was realised and she delayed her retirement in order to establish the course. She was appointed lecturer in speech and speech pathology in the departments of child health and education, founding head of what became the first department of Speech in Britain.[2]

Bill for Professions Supplementary to Medicine (1959)

Not content with the work she had already done, Morley became involved in the 1959 Bill for Professions Supplementary to Medicine. The Government and Opposition of the day decided to bring a number of disciplines, of which speech therapy was one, under this Bill. Instantly seeing the threat which this offered to the youthful profession, Morley (with representatives from the College of Speech Therapists) called on the responsible minister and told him that speech therapy could not be described as supplementary to any other profession and that academic study in this field was vital for the service of people with speech and language disorders. A national referendum of speech therapists followed, the profession stood firm and, despite government anger, they were removed from the Bill. The Professions Supplementary to Medicine Bill was enacted in 1960.[3]

Retirement

Morley's contribution to the profession of speech therapy was considerable. She eventually retired from what was by then the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, however in retirement she founding editor of the College of Speech Therapists' journal from 1966 - 1971 and served as its third president from 1971 - 1973. Throughout her career, she forged strong links with speech therapy profession in the USA, Australia and New Zealand where she travelled widely as a visiting professor. She was involved in achieving reciprocal recognition of speech therapy qualifications in the USA and was made an honorary member of the American Cleft Palate Association and honorary fellow of the Australian College of Speech Therapists.

In 1980, Morley was appointed OBE in acknowledgement of her pioneering work in research and education in speech therapy. Donald Court, professor of child health at Newcastle and her former colleague, described Morley in 1984 as a "remarkable woman", likening her to Cromwell's soldiers, "she knew what she fought for and loved what she knew".

During her retirement, Morley lived in Northumberland where she enjoyed the last thirty years of her life. The photography that she learned as part of her original cleft palate work remained a lifelong hobby. Morley never married but was described as being devoted to her family. She died of bronchopneumonia on 15 September 1993 in Alnwick, Northumberland.

Publications

Books

Papers

References

  1. ↑ http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52304
  2. ↑ http://www.craniofacialsociety.org.uk/info/honmems.html#morley
  3. ↑ http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/8-9/66/contents
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