Musmus

Musmus
  • מוסמוס‎
  • مُصمُص‎

Arial photo of Musmus
Musmus
Coordinates: 32°32′35″N 35°09′23″E / 32.54306°N 35.15639°E / 32.54306; 35.15639Coordinates: 32°32′35″N 35°09′23″E / 32.54306°N 35.15639°E / 32.54306; 35.15639
Grid position 159/211 PAL
District Haifa
Population (2008)
 • Total 3,900

Musmus (Arabic: مُصمُص‎, Hebrew: מוצמוץ/מוסמוס‎) is an Arab village in Israel's Haifa District. The village is located in the Wadi Ara area of the northern Triangle, 4 kilometers northeast of Umm al-Fahm. Since 1996, it has been under the jurisdiction of Ma'ale Iron local council. The village is divided into three neighborhoods: Abu Shehab, Ighbarieh, Southeast, Mahagna and Sharqawi. In the 2008 census, Musmus' population was 3,900, all of whom are Muslims.[1]
Most of the villagers belong to the Ighbarieh and Mahagna clans. The village is the birthplace of the Palestinian poet Rashid Hussein. Highway 65 passes through the village and splits it into two parts.

History

There are many interpretations of the name, some say that the name is a misrepresentation of the name of the Pharaoh Thutmose II, who conquered the land, others say that the source of the name is a replica of an Egyptian village which bears the same name.[2]
The village was built on an ancient site from the Roman-Byzantine and early Muslim periods.[3]

Ottoman era

The village was established during the 1830s by members of the al-Bashir clan from nearby Umm al-Fahm.[2] The village was noted as a small hamlet by French explorer Victor Guérin in 1875.[4] In the Palestine Exploration Fund's 1882 Survey of Western Palestine, Musmus was described as "A little village on a hillside, with springs to the south-west; the houses of stone and mud."[5]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census the population of the village was 222; all Muslims,[6] increasing in 1931 census to 256, in 50 houses;[7]

During the British Mandate rule, the total land area of Musmus was around 6,000 dunams and its boundaries reached the Jezreel Valley. The village did not have a school, and the children received basic education by Sheikh Abu Farid from Umm al-Fahm, and later by Sheikh Omar Balawi, (father of Hakam Balawi), who was a literacy teacher from al-Butaymat and moved to Musmus in the 1930s. Toward the end of the British Mandate, the residents began building the village's first mosque, but construction was not completed.[2]

In the 1945 survey, the Musmus population was counted (together with other villages) under Umm al-Fahm.[8]

1948 war and after

During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War the village and the surrounding area came under Iraqi control. In March 1949 Jordanian forces replaced the Iraqi forces in Wadi Ara.[9] On 3 April 1949 Israel and Jordan signed the 1949 Armistice Agreements, in which Israel would receive the Wadi Ara area.[10] On 20 April 1949, Musmus was taken by Israeli forces and was later annexed to Israel along with the rest of the Wadi Ara villages.[11] In 1954 the first mosque was built in the village.[12] Musmus is one of the villages of Wadi Ara that lacked muncipal status. In 1973, the Ministry of Interior asked to declare the village as a local council but the residents rejected the proposal.[13] Musmus remained without municipal status[14] and was under the administration of mukhtars (village headmen) until 1992 when the Interior Ministry established the Nahal Iron Regional council. The locals' objected to the administrative arrangement, and sought independent municipal status for each village. To allay local concerns, the Interior Ministry established an investigative committee to examine other options, and in 1996, decided to split the regional council into two local councils: Ma'ale Iron, which includes Musmus, and Basma.[15]

In 2002, a suicide bombing attack on an Egged bus at the Musmus junction on Highway 65 killed seven people and wounded thirty. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.[16] In 2009, an Israeli court ordered a demolition of a house that was built illegally in the village. When Interior Ministry workers arrived at Musmus with police reinforcements to carry out the demolition order, they were met with resistance from the inhabitants. The police used crowd control weapons to disperse the riot, lightly wounding five women.[17] In 2013 the far-right wing party Otzma Yehudit held a march in the village in protest against illegal construction in Arab communities in Israel. The residents protested and called for the Jewish marchers to leave. There was a large police presence at the protest, but no major incidents occurred.[18]

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ↑ "מפקד אוכלוסין 2008 - עלה עירון - איזור סטטיסטי 2" [2008 Census - Ma'ale Iron - Statistical area 2] (PDF) (in Hebrew). Ministry of Interior (Israel). Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 "Musmus village". Umm El Fahem Archive. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  3. ↑ "מוסמוס" [Musmus] (in Hebrew). Mapa. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  4. ↑ Guerin, 1875, pp. 238 -239
  5. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 45
  6. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. 30
  7. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 69
  8. ↑ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 17.
  9. ↑ The Politics of Partition; King Abdullah, The Zionists, and Palestine 1921-1951 Avi Shlaim Oxford University Press Revised Edition 2004 ISBN 0-19-829459-X pp. 299, 312
  10. ↑ "Israel-Jordan Armistice Agreement". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  11. ↑ "צפון השומרון בחודשי המלחמה האחרונים" [North Samaria in the last months of the war] (in Hebrew). Independence War Sites. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  12. ↑ "נחנך מסגד" [Mosque inaugurated]. Davar (in Hebrew). 13 January 1955. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  13. ↑ Boger, Mary (2008). A Ghetto State of Ghettos: Palestinians under Israeli civizenship. p. 577. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  14. ↑ Peretz, Issac (16 May 1986). "הודעה בדבר בצגת רשימות הבוחרים לכנסת לשנת פנקס החוברים ה'תשמ"ו/ה'תשמ"ז - 1986-1987" [Announcement about presentation of the lists of electors for the Knesset for Electoral Register year 5746-7 (1986-7)]. Ministry of Interior (Israel) (Maariv). Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  15. ↑ "רקע היסטורי" [Historical background]. Ma'ale Iron Regional Council (in Hebrew). Retrieved 23 April 2016.
  16. ↑ "Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel Since the Declaration of Principles". The Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  17. ↑ Ofir, Sharon Roffe (11 January 2009). "Clashes break out in Wadi Ara demolition; 5 wounded". Ynet. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  18. ↑ Ben Solomon, Ariel (16 January 2013). "Right-wing activists march in Arab town, Musmus". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 21 April 2016.

Bibliography

External links

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