Myocardin

Myocardin
Identifiers
Symbols	MYOCD ; MYCD
External IDs	OMIM: 606127 MGI: 2137495 HomoloGene: 17043 GeneCards: MYOCD Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding • transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding • transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding • transcription coactivator activity • protein binding • transcription factor binding • histone acetyltransferase binding • histone deacetylase binding • R-SMAD binding Cellular component • nucleus Biological process • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus • vasculogenesis • response to hypoxia • cardiac ventricle development • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of cell proliferation • negative regulation of cell proliferation • negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process • negative regulation of myotube differentiation • positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway • cardiocyte differentiation • regulation of histone acetylation • positive regulation of DNA binding • cellular component maintenance • regulation of myoblast differentiation • negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction • lung alveolus development • digestive tract development • positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity • smooth muscle cell differentiation • regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation • positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation • cardiac muscle cell differentiation • ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation • uterus development • urinary bladder development • ductus arteriosus closure • negative regulation of beta-amyloid clearance • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in smooth muscle cell differentiation • positive regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation • positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation • negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	93649	214384
Ensembl	ENSG00000141052	ENSMUSG00000020542
UniProt	Q8IZQ8	Q8VIM5
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001146312	NM_145136
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001139784	NP_660118
Location (UCSC)	Chr 17: 12.67 – 12.77 Mb	Chr 11: 65.18 – 65.27 Mb
PubMed search

Myocardin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYOCD gene.^[1][2][3]

Myocardin is a smooth muscle and cardiac muscle-specific transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor. When expressed ectopically in nonmuscle cells, myocardin can induce smooth muscle differentiation by its association with serum response factor (SRF; MIM 600589).[supplied by OMIM]^[3]

References

1. Wang D, Chang PS, Wang Z, Sutherland L, Richardson JA, Small E, Krieg PA, Olson EN (Jul 2001). "Activation of cardiac gene expression by myocardin, a transcriptional cofactor for serum response factor". Cell 105 (7): 851–62. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00404-4. PMID 11439182.
2. Wang DZ, Li S, Hockemeyer D, Sutherland L, Wang Z, Schratt G, Richardson JA, Nordheim A, Olson EN (Nov 2002). "Potentiation of serum response factor activity by a family of myocardin-related transcription factors". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 (23): 14855–60. doi:10.1073/pnas.222561499. PMC 137508. PMID 12397177.
3. "Entrez Gene: MYOCD myocardin".

Further reading

• Du KL, Ip HS, Li J, et al. (2003). "Myocardin is a critical serum response factor cofactor in the transcriptional program regulating smooth muscle cell differentiation.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (7): 2425–37. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.7.2425-2437.2003. PMC 150745. PMID 12640126.
• Wang Z, Wang DZ, Pipes GC, Olson EN (2003). "Myocardin is a master regulator of smooth muscle gene expression.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (12): 7129–34. doi:10.1073/pnas.1232341100. PMC 165841. PMID 12756293.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Du KL, Chen M, Li J, et al. (2004). "Megakaryoblastic leukemia factor-1 transduces cytoskeletal signals and induces smooth muscle cell differentiation from undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (17): 17578–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.M400961200. PMID 14970199.
• Wang Z, Wang DZ, Hockemeyer D, et al. (2004). "Myocardin and ternary complex factors compete for SRF to control smooth muscle gene expression.". Nature 428 (6979): 185–9. doi:10.1038/nature02382. PMID 15014501.
• van Tuyn J, Knaän-Shanzer S, van de Watering MJ, et al. (2006). "Activation of cardiac and smooth muscle-specific genes in primary human cells after forced expression of human myocardin.". Cardiovasc. Res. 67 (2): 245–55. doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.04.013. PMID 15907818.
• Liu ZP, Wang Z, Yanagisawa H, Olson EN (2005). "Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells through interaction of Foxo4 and myocardin.". Dev. Cell 9 (2): 261–70. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2005.05.017. PMID 16054032.
• Doi H, Iso T, Yamazaki M, et al. (2006). "HERP1 inhibits myocardin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation by interfering with SRF binding to CArG box.". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25 (11): 2328–34. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000185829.47163.32. PMID 16151017.
• Zody MC, Garber M, Adams DJ, et al. (2006). "DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.". Nature 440 (7087): 1045–9. doi:10.1038/nature04689. PMC 2610434. PMID 16625196.
• Chow N, Bell RD, Deane R, et al. (2007). "Serum response factor and myocardin mediate arterial hypercontractility and cerebral blood flow dysregulation in Alzheimer's phenotype.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (3): 823–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608251104. PMC 1783398. PMID 17215356.
• Milyavsky M, Shats I, Cholostoy A, et al. (2007). "Inactivation of myocardin and p16 during malignant transformation contributes to a differentiation defect.". Cancer Cell 11 (2): 133–46. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.11.022. PMID 17292825.
• Li HJ, Haque Z, Lu Q, et al. (2007). "Steroid receptor coactivator 3 is a coactivator for myocardin, the regulator of smooth muscle transcription and differentiation.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (10): 4065–70. doi:10.1073/pnas.0611639104. PMC 1820709. PMID 17360478.
• Pijnappels DA, van Tuyn J, de Vries AA, et al. (2007). "Resynchronization of separated rat cardiomyocyte fields with genetically modified human ventricular scar fibroblasts.". Circulation 116 (18): 2018–28. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.712935. PMID 17938287.