NDUFA8
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NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFA8 gene.[1] The NDUFA8 protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain.[2][3]
Structure
The NDUFA8 gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 9 in position 33.2 and spans 27,354 base pairs.[1] The gene produces a 20 kDa protein composed of 172 amino acids.[4] NDUFA8 is a subunit of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), the largest of the respiratory complexes. The structure is L-shaped with a long, hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a hydrophilic domain for the peripheral arm that includes all the known redox centers and the NADH binding site.[2] It has been noted that the N-terminal hydrophobic domain has the potential to be folded into an alpha helix spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane with a C-terminal hydrophilic domain interacting with globular subunits of Complex I. The highly conserved two-domain structure suggests that this feature is critical for the protein function and that the hydrophobic domain acts as an anchor for the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex at the inner mitochondrial membrane. NDUFA8 is one of about 31 hydrophobic subunits that form the transmembrane region of Complex I. The predicted secondary structure is primarily alpha helix, but the carboxy-terminal half of the protein has high potential to adopt a coiled-coil form. The amino-terminal part contains a putative beta sheet rich in hydrophobic amino acids that may serve as mitochondrial import signal. Related pseudogenes have also been identified on four other chromosomes.[1][3][5][6]
Function
The human NDUFA8 gene codes for a subunit of Complex I of the respiratory chain, which transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone.[1] NADH binds to Complex I and transfers two electrons to the isoalloxazine ring of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) prosthetic arm to form FMNH2. The electrons are transferred through a series of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in the prosthetic arm and finally to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ), which is reduced to ubiquinol (CoQH2). The flow of electrons changes the redox state of the protein, resulting in a conformational change and pK shift of the ionizable side chain, which pumps four hydrogen ions out of the mitochondrial matrix.[2]
References
- 1 2 3 4 "Entrez Gene: NDUFA8 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 8".
- 1 2 3 Pratt, Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. (2013). "18". Fundamentals of biochemistry : life at the molecular level (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. pp. 581–620. ISBN 9780470547847.
- 1 2 Emahazion T, Beskow A, Gyllensten U, Brookes AJ (Nov 1998). "Intron based radiation hybrid mapping of 15 complex I genes of the human electron transport chain". Cytogenet Cell Genet 82 (1-2): 115–9. doi:10.1159/000015082. PMID 9763677.
- ↑ "NDUFA8 - NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8". Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB).
- ↑ Emahazion T, Brookes AJ (Nov 1998). "Mapping of the NDUFA2, NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFB8, and NDUFS8 electron transport chain genes by intron based radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenet Cell Genet 82 (1–2): 114. doi:10.1159/000015081. PMID 9763676.
- ↑ Ton C, Hwang DM, Dempsey AA, Liew CC (Jan 1998). "Identification and primary structure of five human NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunits". Biochem Biophys Res Commun 241 (2): 589–94. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7707. PMID 9425316.
Further reading
- Smeitink J, van den Heuvel L (1999). "Human mitochondrial complex I in health and disease.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64 (6): 1505–10. doi:10.1086/302432. PMC 1377894. PMID 10330338.
- Sarto C, Marocchi A, Sanchez JC, et al. (1997). "Renal cell carcinoma and normal kidney protein expression.". Electrophoresis 18 (3-4): 599–604. doi:10.1002/elps.1150180343. PMID 9150947.
- Smeitink J, Loeffen J, Smeets R, et al. (1998). "Molecular characterization and mutational analysis of the human B17 subunit of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I.". Hum. Genet. 103 (2): 245–50. doi:10.1007/s004390050813. PMID 9760212.
- Triepels R, van den Heuvel L, Loeffen J, et al. (1999). "The nuclear-encoded human NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase NDUFA8 subunit: cDNA cloning, chromosomal localization, tissue distribution, and mutation detection in complex-I-deficient patients.". Hum. Genet. 103 (5): 557–63. doi:10.1007/s004390050869. PMID 9860297.
- Loeffen JL, Triepels RH, van den Heuvel LP, et al. (1999). "cDNA of eight nuclear encoded subunits of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase: human complex I cDNA characterization completed.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 253 (2): 415–22. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9786. PMID 9878551.
- Bénit P, Chretien D, Kadhom N, et al. (2001). "Large-scale deletion and point mutations of the nuclear NDUFV1 and NDUFS1 genes in mitochondrial complex I deficiency.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68 (6): 1344–52. doi:10.1086/320603. PMC 1226121. PMID 11349233.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.