Architects of the National Park Service

Architects of the National Park Service are the architects and landscape architects who were employed by the National Park Service (NPS) starting in 1918 to design buildings, structures, roads, trails and other features in the United States National Parks. Many of their works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and a number have also been designated as National Historic Landmarks.

The National Park Service was established in 1916, and Charles Punchard, Jr. became its first landscape architect in July 1918. Punchard died in 1920 and was replaced by his assistant, Daniel Ray Hull. In 1922, Hull hired Thomas Chalmers Vint as a draftsman. Vint became the head of the Landscape Architectural Division after Hull retired in 1927. Vint remained with the NPS until he retired in 1961 and is credited with directing and shaping landscape planning and development at the NPS. Vint also significantly expanded the design group's staffing in the late 1920s and 1930s, starting in 1928 with Merel S. Sager. The NPS Branch of Plans and Designs was organized in 1933. Vint was appointed as the first chief architect, with Charles E. Peterson in charge of the Eastern Division and William G. Carnes in charge of the Western Division. Carnes replaced Vint as the Chief Landscape Architect, and in 1956, Sager succeeded Carnes in that position.[1]

Other significant architects and landscape architects who were employed by NPS include Herbert Maier, John Wosky, Harold G. Fowler, Cecil J. Doty, Lyle E. Bennett, A. Paul Brown, Mark Daniels, Ernest A. Davidson, Herbert Kreinkemp, Harry Langley, and Ken Saunders.[1][2][3]

Much of the work of the NPS architects is in a "rustic" style that has become known as "National Park Service rustic" architecture.[2]

One of the distinctive features of architecture of the National Park Service is the blending of traditional architecture and landscape architecture. Vint and others experimented with use of stone and logs to construct buildings in a natural way, following example of landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. Vint also provided the first master plan for many Park Service units in his 1931 plan for Mount Rainier National Park. It established the principle of designating specific areas as wilderness.[4]

Several private architects, though not the subject of this article, also made important contributions to the development of the NPS rustic architectural style. Gilbert Stanley Underwood designed several important rustic works in the National Parks, including Old Faithful Lodge (1923), Bryce Canyon Lodge (1925), Ahwahnee Hotel (1926), Zion Lodge (1927), and Grand Canyon Lodge (1928). Mary Colter also contributed a number of important early works, including the Mary Jane Colter buildings at Grand Canyon National Park.

Works

Works attributed to the architects of the National Park Service or to its architect subgroups, include the following (with attribution variations). Some works are specifically noted to be done by the "NPS Landscape Architecture Division" or the "NPS Landscape Engineering Division"; some are noted to be works of the "NPS Office of Design & Construction" or the "NPS Branch of Plans and Design".[5]

Alaska

Upper Toklat River Cabin No. 24, built in 1931 to a standard design of the NPS Branch of Plans and Designs
Lower Toklat River Ranger Cabin No. 18, in a National Park Service style originated at Yellowstone

Denali National Park and Preserve

Arizona

Grand Canyon National Park

Other

California

Yosemite National Park

Crane Flat Fire Lookout, Yosemite, built in 1931, a two-story structure with a lower storage level and an upper observation level, with an overhanging roof, designed by the National Park Service's Landscape Division to blend with surroundings.
Specifically designed as a National Park Service lookout intended to blend with its surroundings, in contrast to the metal towers used by the U.S. Forest Service. This lookout was highlighted by Thomas Chalmers Vint as a prototype for general use.[17]

Sequoia National Park

Lassen Volcanic National Park

Colorado

Rocky Mountain National Park

Moraine Park Amphitheater
Upper Thunder Lake Trail reconstructed in 1929-1930 upon arrival of the park's first NPS-trained landscape architect; portions of Bluebird Lake Trail rebuilt in late 1930s with CCC labor.[54]
"Nowhere in Rocky Mountain National Park is the theme of NPS Rustic Architecture exemplified better than in the Utility Area Historic District."[41]

Colorado National Monument

Other

Mesa Verde Superintendent's Office

Florida

Fort Matanzas National Monument visitors center
A work of National Park Service Rustic architecture

Minnesota

Surviving CCC camp building chimney, at St. Croix Recreational Demonstration Area
The National Park Service provided technical, overall expertise on the design of traffic circulation in the park, and in buildings' designs; work was done by CCC and WPA.[79]

Missouri

Arrow Rock State Historic Site

Lake of the Ozarks State Park

Knob Noster State Park

Meramec State Park

Montauk State Park

Roaring River State Park

Van Meter State Park

Other

Montana and Wyoming

Devils Tower National Monument

Glacier National Park

Grand Teton National Park

Yellowstone National Park

First "wayside exhibit built in the National Park System", an "open-air museum-in-miniature", and a small shelter for interpretative information, in National Park Service Rustic style.[84]

Nevada

New Mexico

Carlsbad Caverns National Park

Oklahoma

The registered properties are listed in part due to their NPS rustic architecture and include a beach house, two picnic shelter, and comfort station.[89]
The registered properties include a boat house and are listed in part as "an excellent example of the architecture and landscape design philosophy of the National Park Service."[90]

Oregon

Crater Lake National Park

Watchman Lookout Station No. 68

[91][92]

Other

Listed properties include bathhouse (1938, designed by J. Elwood Isted), kitchen shelters (adapted by Glen O. Stevenson from a Plan by J. Elwood Isted for Washington State Parks), pumphouse (1937, designed by J. Elwood Isted), caretaker's house (1936, designed by Jack Peterson), caretaker's garage (1937, designed by J. Elwood Isted)[93]

South Dakota

Utah

Bryce Canyon National Park

Zion National Park

East Entrance Sign
Grotto Trail

Washington

Mount Rainier National Park

Shelter at Camp Muir

Olympic National Park

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Vernon L. Hammons. "A Brief Organizational History of the Office of Design and Construction National Park Service 1917-1962" (PDF). National Park Service.
  2. 1 2 William C. Tweed, Laura E. Soulliere, Henry G. Law (February 1977). "Rustic Architecture". National Park Service.
  3. "Architecture in the Parks". National Park Service.
  4. Carr 1998, p. 240
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 Staff (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  6. "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Ewe Creek Ranger Cabin (Lower Savage River Cabin), No. 8" (PDF). National Park Service.
  7. "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Mount McKinley National Park Headquarters District" (PDF). National Park Service. 1987.
  8. "Upper Toklat Ranger Station". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. 2008-11-24.
  9. Holland, F. Ross (August 31, 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Superintendent's Residence" (PDF). National Park Service.
  10. "NRHP Inventory-Nomination Form: Grand Canyon North Rim Headquarters" (PDF). National Park Service. 1982.
  11. L. S. Harrison. "A National Historic Park Landmark Theme Study: Painted Desert Inn". National Park Service.
  12. Holland, F. Ross (August 31, 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Rangers' Dormitory" (PDF). National Park Service.
  13. Scott, Michael P.; Chappell, Gordon; Jackson, Robbyn; Donahoe, Jamie; Begley, Susan; Carr, Ethan (September 13, 1996). "National Historic Landmark Nomination: Grand Canyon Village" (PDF). National Park Service.
  14. Chappell, Gordon (May 10, 1975). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Grand Canyon Village Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service.
  15. Laura Soullière Harrison. "A National Historic Park Landmark Theme Study: Grand Canyon Park Operations Building". National Park Service.
  16. Laura Soullière Harrison. "NRHP Inventory-Nomination Form: Tumacacori Museum" (PDF).
  17. 1 2 Jamie M. Donahoe (November 8, 1995). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Crane Flat Fire Lookout" (PDF). National Park Service.
  18. Leslie Starr Hart and Merrill Ann Wilson (August 1976). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Glacier Point Trailside Museum" (PDF). National Park Service.
  19. Leslie Starr Hart (1978). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Mariposa Grove Museum" (PDF). National Park Service.
  20. Gordon Chapell (1978). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Merced Grove Ranger Station" (PDF). National Park Service.
  21. William Tweed (1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Tioga Pass Entrance Station" (PDF). National Park Service.
  22. Gordon Chapell (1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Tuolumne Meadows Ranger Stations and Comfort Stations" (PDF). National Park Service.
  23. Richard H. Quin (1991). "Yosemite National Park Roads and Bridges HAER No. CA-117" (PDF). Historic American Engineering Record, National Park Service.
  24. Chappell, Gordon; Cox, Bob (1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Yosemite Village Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  25. William C. Tweed (April 7, 1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Entrance Sign" (PDF). National Park Service.
  26. William Tweed (April 5, 1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Cabin Creek Ranger Residence and Dormitory" (PDF). National Park Service.
  27. William Tweed (March 28, 1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Generals' Highway Stone Bridges" (PDF). National Park Service.
  28. Tweed, William (August 12, 1976). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Giant Sequoia Village/Camp Kaweah Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  29. "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Hockett Meadow Ranger Station" (PDF). National Park Service. 1976.
  30. Leslie Starr Hart (1978). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Moro Rock Stairway" (PDF). National Park Service.
  31. 1 2 William Tweed (1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Pear Lake Ski Hut" (PDF). National Park Service.
  32. Gordon Chapell (1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Horseshoe Lake Ranger Station" (PDF). National Park Service.
  33. "Park Headquarters". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. 2008-11-17.
  34. Gordon Chappell and Robert Cox (May 19, 1978). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Park Headquarters, Lassen Volcanic National Park" (PDF). National Park Service.
  35. Gordon Chapell (1976). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Summit Lake Ranger Station" (PDF). National Park Service.
  36. Gordon Chapell (1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Warner Valley Ranger Station" (PDF). National Park Service.
  37. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Comfort Station" (PDF). National Park Service.
  38. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: East Inlet Trail" (PDF). National Park Service.
  39. "Fall River Pass Ranger Station". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. 2009-01-09.
  40. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Fall river Pump House and Catchment Basin" (PDF). National Park Service.
  41. 1 2 3 "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Multiple Resource Nomination for Rocky Mountain National Park" (PDF). National Park Service.
  42. "Classified Structure Field Inventory Report: Fern Lake Patrol Cabin" (PDF). National Park Service.
  43. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Fern Lake Trail" (PDF). National Park Service.
  44. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Flattop Mountain Trail" (PDF). National Park Service.
  45. "Glacier Basin Campground Ranger Station". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. 2009-01-08.
  46. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Lake Haiyaha Trail" (PDF). National Park Service.
  47. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Lost Lake Trail" (PDF). National Park Service.
  48. McWilliams, Carl and Karen (August 20, 1985). "Classified Structure Field Inventory Report: Mess Hall and Residence" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  49. Cheri Yost (March 14, 2005). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Moraine Park Museum and Amphitheater (additional documentation)" (PDF). National Park Service.
  50. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: North Inlet Trail" (PDF). National Park Service.
  51. D. Ferrel Atkins and James Muhn (August 8, 1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Shadow Mountain Lookout" (PDF). National Park Service.
  52. "National Register of Historic Places registration form: Shadow Mountain Trail" (PDF). National Park Service.
  53. Williams, Lance R. (June 30, 1976). "Classified Structure Field Inventory Report: Thunder Lake Patrol Cabin" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  54. 1 2 "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Thunder Lake Trail/Bluebird Lake Trail" (PDF). National Park Service.
  55. "Timber Creek Comfort Station". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. 2009-01-12.
  56. "Classified Structure Field Inventory Report: Timber Creek Road Camp" (PDF). National Park Service.
  57. "Classified Structure Field Inventory Report: HS-28 Timberline Cabin" (PDF). National Park Service.
  58. Rodd L. Wheaton (August 22, 1975). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Rocky Mountain National Park Utility Area Historic District (PDF). National Park Service.
  59. Mehls, Steven F. (August 4, 1991). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Agnes Vaille Shelter" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  60. "Classified Structure Field Inventory Report: Residence, Wild Basin" (PDF). National Park Service.
  61. "Classified Structure Field Inventory Report: Ranger Station and Residence, Wild Basin" (PDF). National Park Service.
  62. "Classified Structure Field Inventory Report: Willow Park Patrol Cabin" (PDF). National Park Service.
  63. "Classified Structure Field Inventory Report: Willow Park Stable" (PDF). National Park Service.
  64. "Visitor Center, List of Classified Structures". National Park Service. 2008-12-13.
  65. "Devil's Kitchen Picnic Shelter". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. 2008-12-13.
  66. Kathy McKoy (December 28, 1992). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Devils Kitchen Picnic Shelter (PDF). National Park Service.
  67. R. Laurie Simmons, Thomas H. Simmons and Kathy McKoy (January 1994). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Rim Rock Drive" (PDF). National Park Service.
  68. "Rim Rock Drive". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. 2008-12-12.
  69. Kathy McKoy (December 28, 1992). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Saddlehorn Caretaker's House and Garage" (PDF). National Park Service.
  70. "Saddlehorn Caretaker's Garage". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. 2008-12-11.
  71. Kathy McKoy (December 28, 1992). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Saddlehorn Comfort Station (PDF). National Park Service.
  72. "Saddlehorn Comfort Station". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. 2008-12-11.
  73. Kathy McKoy (December 28, 1992). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Saddlehorn Utility Area Historic District (PDF). National Park Service.
  74. "Saddlehorn Utility Area Building & Utilities Shop". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. 2008-12-11.
  75. Laura Soullière Harrison (1986). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Mesa Verde National Park Headquarters, Museum, Post Office, Ranger Dormitory, Superintendents Residence, and Community Building / Mesa Verde Administrative District (Preferred)" (PDF). National Park Service.
  76. ""Architecture in the Parks: A National Historic Landmark Theme Study: Mesa Verde Administrative District", by Laura Soullière Harrison". National Historic Landmark Theme Study. National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
  77. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: North Rim Road, Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park" (PDF). National Park Service.
  78. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form: Minnesota State Park CCC/WPA/Rustic Style Historic Resources" (PDF). National Park Service. September 5, 1989.
  79. Rolf Anderson, Susan Begley, and Ethan Carr (January 6, 1997). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: St. Croix Recreational Demonstration Area" (PDF). National Park Service.
  80. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 "National Register of historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form: Emergency Conservation Work Architecture in Missouri State Parks, 1933-1932, Thematic Resources" (PDF). National Park Service. November 7, 1984.
  81. Kathy McKoy (April 15, 2000). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Entrance Station" (pdf). National Park Service.
  82. Kathy McKoy (April 20, 2000). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Old Headquarters Area Historic District (pdf). National Park Service.
  83. 1 2 3 ""Architecture in the Parks: A National Historic Landmark Theme Study: Norris, Madison, and Fishing Bridge Museums", by Laura Soullière Harrison". National Historic Landmark Theme Study. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
  84. 1 2 Mary Shivers Culpin (November 30, 1981). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Obsidian Cliff Kiosk" (PDF). National Park Service.
  85. Rydell, Kiki Leigh and Culpin, Mary Shivers (2006). "Managing the Matchess Wonders:A History of Administrative Development in Yellowstone National Park, 1872-1965" (PDF). National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources. p. 101. Retrieved 2010-12-13.
  86. Dena M. Sedar (Sep–Oct 2012). "Nevada's Lost City".
  87. Swanson, Betsy (August 1986). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: The Caverns Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
  88. Swanson, Betsy (October 1986). "National Register of Historic Place Inventory - Nomination Form: Rattlesnake Springs Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
  89. 1 2 "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Nichols Park" (PDF). National Park Service.
  90. 1 2 "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Perry Lake Park" (PDF). National Park Service.
  91. ""Architecture in the Parks: A National Historic Landmark Theme Study: Crater Lake Superintendent's Residence", by Laura Soullière Harrison". National Historic Landmark Theme Study. National Park Service. Retrieved 2007-11-18.
  92. Laura Soullière Harrison (1985). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Superintendent's Residence / Former Superintendent's Residence" (PDF). National Park Service.
  93. 1 2 "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form: Jessie M. Honeyman Memorial State Park Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service.
  94. "Old Administration Building-Ranger Station". National Park Service.
  95. Jurale, James (September 14, 1984) [also September 4, 1984]. "Classified Structure Field Inventory Reports: Angels Landing Trail and West Rim Trail" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  96. Sontag, Robert (July 27, 1995). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Cable Creek Bridge" (PDF). National Park Service.
  97. Witherell, Nancy (October 10, 1984). "Classified Structure Inventory: East Entrance Sign" (PDF). National Park Service.
  98. "East Entrance Sign". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. Retrieved March 4, 2009.
  99. Witherell, Nancy (October 10, 1984). "Classified Structure Inventory: East Entrance Checking Station" (PDF). National Park Service.
  100. Nancy Witherell (October 10, 1984). "Classified Structure Inventory: East Entrance Residence" (PDF). National Park Service.
  101. Robert Sontag and Kathy McKoy (August 15, 1995). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Floor of the Valley Road" (PDF). National Park Service.
  102. Witherell, Nancy (October 10, 1984). "Classified Structure Inventory: Grotto Picnic Area Comfort Station (No. 129)" (PDF). National Park Service.
  103. Witherell, Nancy (October 10, 1984). "Classified Structure Inventory: Grotto Picnic Area Comfort Station (No. 130)" (PDF). National Park Service.
  104. Witherall, Nancy (October 10, 1984). "Classified Struicture Field Inventory: Grotto Residence" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved September 8, 2009.
  105. Jurale, James (July 6, 1984). "Classified Structure Field Inventory: Pine Creek Residential Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
  106. Witherell, Nancy (October 10, 1984). "Classified Structure Inventory: South Campground Comfort Station (No. 131)" (PDF). National Park Service.
  107. Harvey, David (September 30, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Camp Muir Public Shelter". National Park Service.
  108. Harvey, David (September 30, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Camp Muir Guide Shelter". National Park Service.
  109. Harvey, David (September 30, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Camp Muir Pit Toilet". National Park Service.
  110. Harvey, David (September 16, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Chinook Pass Entrance Arch". National Park Service.
  111. "Christine Falls Bridge" (PDF). Historic American Engineering Record, National Park Service.
  112. Harvey, David (September 30, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Gobbler's Knob Fire Lookout". National Park Service.
  113. Fitzsimons, Gary; Harvey, David (September 20, 1983). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Huckleberry Creek Patrol Cabin" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  114. Harvey, David (September 30, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Indian Bar Trail Shelter". National Park Service.
  115. Harvey, David (September 30, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Ipsut Creek Patrol Cabin" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  116. Harrison, Laura Soulliere (1986). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Longmire Administration Building, Community Building and Service Station" (PDF). National Park Service.
  117. "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Longmire Comfort Station" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
  118. GGF (September 30, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Mount Fremont Fire Lookout" (PDF). National Park Service.
  119. GGF (July 23, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Narada Falls Comfort Station". National Park Service.
  120. Harvey, David (September 7, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Summerland Trail Shelter". National Park Service.
  121. Fitzsimmons, Gregory G. "Sunrise Comfort Station". Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory (National Park Service).
  122. Harvey, David (September 30, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Shriner Peak Fire Lookout" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  123. Harvey, David (September 4, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Tahoma Vista Comfort Station" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  124. Harvey, David (September 28, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Three Lakes Patrol Cabin". National Park Service.
  125. Harvey, David. "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Tipsoo Lake Comfort Station" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
  126. Harvey, David (September 30, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: Tolmie Peak Fire Lookout". National Park Service.
  127. Harvey, David (September 12, 1982). "Pacific Northwest Regional Office Inventory: White River Mess Hall and Dormitory". National Park Service.
  128. Toothman, Stephanie (September 1983). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: White River Entrance" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
  129. ""Architecture in the Parks: A National Historic Landmark Theme Study: Yakima Park Stockade Group", by Laura Soullière Harrison". National Historic Landmark Theme Study. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
  130. Evans, Gail E.H. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Canyon Creek Shelter" (PDF). National Park Service.
  131. Evans, Gail E.H. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Graves Creek Ranger Station" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
  132. Evans, Gail E.H. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Olympic National Park Headquarters District" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
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