Nabi Shu'ayb

The complex hosting the tomb

Nabi Shu'ayb (also transliterated Neby Shoaib or Nabi Shuaib, meaning "the Prophet Shu'ayb") is a Druze and Muslim religious shrine near Kfar Zeitim and the depopulated Arab village of Hittin not far from Tiberias, Israel, where the tomb of the Druze and Islamic prophet Shu'ayb, who is traditionally identified with the Biblical Jethro, is believed to be located. The identity of Shu'ayb with the Biblical Jethro, however, is a Muslim and Druze tradition rather than historical fact (see Shuaib). Prophet shu'ayb is the 14th prophet

Nabi Shuayb was an object of traditional veneration by Druze and Sunni Muslims through Palestine. The shrine figured down to Israeli-Arab war of 1948 as a place where both Sunni Muslims and Druze took vows (nidhr) and made ziyarat ("pilgrimages"). After the 1948 war, Israel placed the maqam or shrine under exclusive Druze care.[1] A central figure in the Druze religion, the tomb of Nabi Shuaib, has been a site of annual pilgrimage for the Druze for centuries.[2] Shrines dedicated to Nabi Shuaib are common throughout the Greater Syria region.[3]

In the final years of the British Mandate in Palestine, a dispute had raged over the shrine between Sunni and Druze communities.[3]:94 On the establishment of Israel in 1948, the Tarif family applied for the maqam to be registered a Druze waqf, and Israel complied in part to promote the separation of the Druze from other Arabic-speaking communities. Sole custodianship of the tomb was transferred to the Druze community by the Israeli authorities, and Sunni Muslims have largely ceased their pilgrimages to Nabi Shuaib.[3]:236

History

The courtyard of the complex
Another courtyard view

In Islamic and Druze tradition, it is believed that towards the end of his life, Shu'ayb took refuge in a cave outside Hittin (a village just west of Tiberias), where he eventually died of old age. His followers buried him at the site and placed a tombstone at his grave.[2] Another Druze tradition holds that the Ayyubid sultan Saladin had a dream the night prior to the Battle of Hittin in which an angel promised him victory on the condition that after the battle, he would ride his horse westward; then, where the horse would stop, the angel said he would find the burial site of Shu'ayb. The tradition holds that when Saladin's dream was realized, the Druze built a shrine for Shu'ayb at the site.

Nabi Shu'ayb has been expanded and renovated over time.[2] The older section of the existing structure was built in the 1880s, under the direction of Sheikh Muhanna Tarif, the shaykh al-aql (Druze spiritual leader) of Julis.[4] Sheikh Muhanna summoned an assembly of religious leaders in the community to discuss and collaborate on its construction. A delegation of high-ranking community members traveled to Syria and Lebanon in order to collect funds for new construction and renovations and the local Druze of the Galilee and Mount Carmel also made considerable contributions.

When Palestine came under British Mandate rule, a dispute broke out between the Druze and the Higher Islamic Council over who exercised custodianship over the site of Nabi Shu'ayb. After Israel's establishment in 1948, and the total depopulation of Hittin which had been a predominantly Muslim village, the Druze were granted full custodianship over the tomb, and an additional 100 dunams surrounding it. Under the leadership of Sheikh Amin Tarif, the shrine was then renovated and numerous rooms were added for the hosting of pilgrims. The Israeli government also paved the road leading to Nabi Shu'ayb and provided electricity and water infrastructure services there.[2]

Pilgrimage

Druze scouts visiting the tomb
Further information: Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb

The first mention of the tomb dates back to the 12th century CE, and the Druze have held religious festivals there for centuries. According to Druze tradition, the imprint of Shuaib's left foot (da'sa) can be seen on the grave. Pilgrims visiting the site pour oil into the imprint, and then rub the oil over their body in order to be blessed with good fortune.[2]

The Druze customarily had no fixed date for their annual pilgrimage, which generally occurred sometime in the spring. When the Israeli government granted official recognition of the pilgrimage as a Druze religious holiday, the dates were standardized, such that the event now takes place between April 25 and April 28.[3] During the festivities, mass celebrations are held at Nabi Shu'aib, and Druze religious leaders gather there for ritual purposes and to discuss religious questions. Prior to Israel's establishment, Druze from Syria and Lebanon also used to participate in the festival, but are no longer able to do so today.[2]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nabi Shu'ayb.
  1. ↑ Mahmoud Yazbak, 'Holy shrines (maqamat) in modern Palestine/Israel and the politics of memory,' in Marshall J. Breger,Yitzhak Reiter,Leonard Hammer (eds.),Holy Places in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Confrontation and Co-existence, Routledge 2010 pp.231-246 p.241.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dana, Nissim. (2003). The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status, Sussex Academic Press, pp. 28–30.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Kais Firro The Druzes in the Jewish State: A Brief History, BRILL, 1999.
  4. ↑ Firro, Kais (1992). A History of the Druzes, Volume 1. Brill. p. 315.

Coordinates: 32°48′27.65″N 35°27′18.26″E / 32.8076806°N 35.4550722°E / 32.8076806; 35.4550722

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