Nakdong River
| Nakdong (낙동강) | |
| River | |
 The Nakdong in Andong, North Gyeongsang | |
| Country | South Korea |
|---|---|
| Provinces | Gangwon, North Gyeongsang, Daegu, South Gyeongsang, Busan |
| Parts | Hwangjicheon |
| Tributaries | |
| - left | Banbyeoncheon, Geumho River, Miryang River, Yangsancheon, West Nakdong River † |
| - right | Naeseongcheon, Gamcheon, Hwang River, Nam River |
| Source | Taebaek Mountains |
| - location | Eundae Peak, Taebaek, Gangwon [lower-alpha 1][1] |
| Mouth | Sea of Japan (East Sea) |
| - location | Estuary Bank, Gangseo, Busan |
| Length | 510 km (317 mi) [2] |
| Basin | 23,384 km2 (9,029 sq mi) [2] |
| Discharge | for Jindong, Haman |
| - average | 383 m3/s (13,526 cu ft/s) [lower-alpha 2][3] |
 The Nakdong
| |
| † : Distributary of Nakdong | |
| Nakdong River | |
| Hangul | 낙동강 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 洛東江 |
| Revised Romanization | Nakdonggang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Naktonggang |
The Nakdong River is the longest river in South Korea, and passes through major cities such as Daegu and Busan.
Geography
The Nakdong flows from the Taebaek Mountains to the South Sea or Korean Strait, that separates Korea from Japan. The river originates from the junction of the Cheolamcheon and Hwangjicheon streams in Dongjeom-dong, Taebaek city, Gangwon province. From there to its mouth it winds for about 506 kilometres (314 mi). The width of the river ranges from only a few metres in its upper reaches, to several hundred metres towards its estuary.
Major tributaries include the Yeong, Geumho, and Nam rivers. Together with its tributaries, the Nakdong drains most of North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang provinces, along with small portions of North Jeolla, South Jeolla, and Gangwon. The total watershed is 23,384 square kilometres (9,029 sq mi).
History
The Nakdong River has played an important role throughout Korean history. The river basin has been a favored dwelling-place for as long as people have inhabited the Korean peninsula. Numerous Neolithic remains have been found in the valley.
Around the 1st century, the valley is believed to have been inhabited by the Byeonhan confederacy tribes. During the Three Kingdoms period, the Gaya confederacy controlled the valley, until they were overrun by Silla in 562. These states exploited the river's potential for navigation and commerce, operating a thriving trade in armor and weapons with neighboring countries, including Yamato period Japan. Through the Silla, Goryeo, and Joseon periods, the river continued to serve as a major transportation corridor in the Gyeongsang region. It was especially used for transporting fresh seafood inland, such as mackerel, which were salted and dried in order to prevent them from spoiling. The city of Andong was the farthest inland the fish could be brought before going bad, so many people flocked there during the Joseon Dynasty to eat fish.[4]
As a barrier to movement, the Nakdong River gained sudden prominence during the Korean War. The southern length of the river formed the western portion of the Pusan Perimeter, which the UN forces fought to maintain during the autumn of 1950. The bridge over the Nakdong River at Waegwan was blown up on August 3, 1950 in an effort to prevent North Korean forces from advancing on Daegu. A large number of Korean refugees were killed in the explosion. Although some North Korean forces did cross the Nakdong River in places, for the most part the river still marks their furthest advance.
Nakdong river phenol contamination incident
In 1991, there was an incident where phenol was leaked into the river twice by Doosan Electronics.
Ecology
The Nakdong valley includes numerous floodplain wetlands, the most well-known of which are the Joonam Reservoirs near Changwon City and Upo Ramsar site, in Changnyeong County, South Gyeongsang. These wetlands, while significantly degraded and overdeveloped, still provide habitat to a significant number of rare and threatened species, most especially birds (such as the Baikal Teal, Anas formosa, and White-naped Crane, Grus vipio), fish and plants. Despite being home to the bustling Port of Busan, the Nakdong Estuary is also internationally important for waterbirds, despite recent ecologically-destructive developments including reclamation for housing and industry (e.g. the Busan New Port), the ongoing construction of a major bridge (the Miyeonji Bridge) and most recently the threatened construction of the Korean Grand Canal project.
The Nakdong and its tributaries also serve as a major source of drinking water for the inhabitants of the river basin and others nearby. However, water pollution due to domestic and agricultural wastewater remains a serious concern.
Economic role
Although all but the southernmost reaches of the Nakdong River have ceased to serve as a major commercial waterway, the river continues to feed those dwelling near it, both directly through fishing and indirectly through irrigation. Substantial amounts of snails and catfish are taken from the waters and used in local cuisine.
Near Andong, a series of massive hydroelectric dams have been constructed, creating a small chain of artificial lakes of which Andong Lake is the largest. These lakes also support a substantial recreational industry. Bass fishing is especially popular, since the lakes have been artificially stocked with bass.
In the early 2010s, the Nakdong River was to be part of former Korean president Lee Myung Bak's canal project, the Grand Korean Waterway. The project would link the Nakdong with the Han River to the north, creating a shipping canal spanning length of the country, from Seoul to Busan. Encountering considerable controversy nationwide as well as from residents along the Nakdong, the Waterway project was scrapped by the end of Lee's presidency.
See also
Notes
References
- ↑ 2013년 한국하천일람 [List of Rivers of South Korea, 2013] (PDF) (in Korean). Han River Flood Control Office, Republic of Korea. 31 December 2012. pp. 22, 25, 29, 136–137. Retrieved 7 July 2014. External link in
|publisher=(help) - 1 2 HRFCO 2012, pp. 22, 25, 33, 136-137.
- ↑ 2014년 1월 월간 수자원 현황 및 전망 [Monthly Status & Predictions Report on Water Resources, January 2014] (HWP) (in Korean). Han River Flood Control Office, Republic of Korea. 13 January 2014. p. 3. Retrieved 17 July 2014. External link in
|publisher=(help) - ↑ http://www.hansik.org/zh/restaurant/recommendRestaurantView.do?fboardId=1075
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Coordinates: 35°03′06″N 128°55′21″E / 35.05167°N 128.92250°E