Nan Province

Nan
น่าน
Province

Seal

Map of Thailand highlighting Nan Province
Country  Thailand
Capital Nan (town)
Government
 • Governor Seni Chittakasem (since October 2010)
Area
 • Total 11,472.1 km2 (4,429.4 sq mi)
Area rank Ranked 13th
Population (2014)
 • Total 478,264
 • Rank Ranked 55th
 • Density 42/km2 (110/sq mi)
 • Density rank Ranked 73rd
Time zone ICT (UTC+7)
ISO 3166 code TH-55
Website http://www.nan.go.th

Nan (Thai: น่าน, pronounced [nâːn]) is one of the northern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise) Uttaradit, Phrae, and Phayao. To the north and east it borders Sainyabuli of Laos.

Geography

Community fishing, Nan River

The province is in the remote Nan River valley, surrounded by forested mountains, the Phlueng Range in the western part and the Luang Prabang Range in the east.[1] The highest mountain is the 2,079 meter high Phu Khe in Bo Kluea District, northeast of the city of Nan towards the border with Laos.[2]

Climate

Nan Province has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). Winters are quite dry and very warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is very hot with the average daily maximum at 37.0 °C (98.6 °F). The monsoon season runs from late April through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm.

Climate data for Nan (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30.8
(87.4)		 33.4
(92.1)		 36.2
(97.2)		 37.0
(98.6)		 35.0
(95)		 33.5
(92.3)		 32.4
(90.3)		 32.2
(90)		 32.7
(90.9)		 32.5
(90.5)		 31.2
(88.2)		 29.6
(85.3)		 33.04
(91.48)
Average low °C (°F) 14.2
(57.6)		 15.6
(60.1)		 18.9
(66)		 22.3
(72.1)		 23.5
(74.3)		 24.0
(75.2)		 23.8
(74.8)		 23.6
(74.5)		 23.3
(73.9)		 21.9
(71.4)		 18.5
(65.3)		 14.5
(58.1)		 20.34
(68.61)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 4.4
(0.173)		 11.9
(0.469)		 32.7
(1.287)		 99.6
(3.921)		 177.3
(6.98)		 133.8
(5.268)		 200.7
(7.902)		 273.2
(10.756)		 203.5
(8.012)		 70.3
(2.768)		 18.1
(0.713)		 8.6
(0.339)		 1,234.1
(48.588)
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) 1 2 3 9 17 16 20 22 18 11 4 1 124
Average relative humidity (%) 76 70 65 68 76 79 82 84 84 82 80 78 77
Source: Thai Meteorological Department (Normal 1981-2010), (Avg. rainy days 1961-1990)

History

Phra That Chae Haeng, Nan Province

For centuries Nan was an independent kingdom but, due to its remoteness, had few connections to the other kingdoms. The first kingdom around the city Mueang Pua (also known as Varanagara) was created in the late 13th century. Its rulers, the Phukha dynasty, were related to the founders of Vientiane, however it became associated with the Sukhothai kingdom as it was easier to reach from the south than from the east or west. In the 14th century the capital was moved to its present location at Nan.

In the 15th century, when Sukhothai declined in power, it became vassal of the kingdom of Lannathai. In 1443 King Kaen Thao of Nan plotted to capture neighboring Phayao by asking King Tilokaraj to help him fight against Vietnamese troops attacking Nan, even though there was no such threat. Kaen Thao killed the king of Phayao, however the troops of Tilokaraj then attacked Nan itself, and captured it in 1449.

When Lannathai was under Burmese rule, Nan tried to liberate itself many times without success, which finally led to direct Burmese rule of Nan in 1714. In 1788 the Burmese rulers were finally driven out. Nan had to then accept new rulers from Siam. In 1893 after the Paknam crisis Siam had to give a big part of eastern Nan to French Indochina. In 1899 mueang Nan became part of the circle (Monthon) Tawan Tok Chiang Nuea (northwestern circle).[3] In 1916 the northwestern circle was split and Nan was assigned into the circle Maharat.[4] When the circles were abolished in 1932, the provinces including Nan became top-level subdivisions of Siam.

Before the early 1980s, bandits as well as People's Liberation Army of Thailand (PLAT) guerrillas were a big problem in the province, usually destroying highway construction overnight. With the help of the army and the more stable political system the province improved significantly, but is still a very rural and remote area.

Economy

Agriculture is the province's main industry. But, according to Nan Governor Suwat Promsuwan, tourism is up markedly since 2013 and in 2016 contributes an estimated 30 percent to the provincial GDP. Satit Boonthong, president of the Nan Tourism Business Association, says the number of hotel rooms in Nan has doubled to 4,000 in the past two years. Average occupancy is nearly 100 percent during the high season (the cool season) and 50 percent the rest of the year. Room rates have more than doubled since 2009. Mr Satit says that most visitors to Nan are quality tourists who are willing to spend extra on upscale accommodations. The Tourism Department says arrivals to Nan rose by 19 percent to 1.76 million last year, of which Thais constituted 1.44 million. Tourism revenue rose by 14 percent to 4.43 billion baht. The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) expects tourist arrivals to Nan will rise by 10 percent to 1.94 million in 2016 as tourism revenue grows by 10 percent to 4.88 billion baht. Now Nan faces tourist congestion during the high season and on long weekends. In the cool season, the province's six natural parks are booked solid. Provincial authorities are promoting tourism in Pua and Na Noi Districts to relieve congestion in central Nan and distribute tourism income more evenly. "Arrivals to Nan top out at a maximum of 2 million visitors per year," says Mr Suwat. "We want only quality tourists, not a big volume."[5]

Environmental issues

Nan and government forestry officials are concerned about deforestation after hill tribes turned 1.5 million rai of forest land into cornfields. Nan Governor, Mr Suwat, says officials have attempted to persuade hill tribes to grow perennial plants such as cashew nuts and bamboo in the forest legally. "It's impossible to solve the deforestation problem without involving the hill tribes," he says. "We must give them a solution to live in the forest and protect nature at the same time." [5]

Demographics

10.5% of the population are hill tribes.

Certain inhabitants known as the T'in or Mal people speak a Northern Mon-Khmer or Khmuic language, T'in, an unknown language when Gérard Diffloth's classifications were widely cited in a 1974 Encyclopædia Britannica article.

Symbols

The provincial seal shows a Usuparatch bull carrying the stupa of Phrathat Chae Haeng. The buffalo goes back to a legend that the rulers of Nan and Phrae were brothers, and met at a mountain to decide about the boundary between their lands. The ruler of Nan went there on a buffalo, while the ruler of Phrae went there on a horse.

The provincial tree and provincial flower is the Orchid Tree (Bauhinia variegata).

Administrative divisions

The province is subdivided in 15 districts (amphoe). These are further subdivided into 99 subdistricts (tambon) and 848 villages (muban).

Tourism

Wat Phumin, Nan
Temple frescoes, Wat Nong Bua, Tha Wang Pha
Rte 1256 snaking towards Doi Phu Kha National Park
Wat Phrathat Bueng Sakat, Pua District
Phi Pan Nam Range, Na Muen District

According to the Bangkok Post, the top two attractions in Nan Province are Doi Samer Dao and Wat Phumin, a temple with many "local art masterpieces".[5]

Sights

Wat Phaya Wat (วัดพญาวัด) (18°46.22'N, 100°45.75'E) An ancient religious site, it has rectangular chedi base on which Buddha states are placed around the chedi structure. Combined artistic influences of Lanna, Lan Chang, and native Nan can be detected.

Opposite the Nan National Museum is Wat Chang Kham Woravihan (วัดช้างค้ำวรวิหาร) (18°46.59'N, 100°46.32'E) Its main features are the sculpted upper halves of elephants adorning around the chedi, a Sukhothai influence.

Pha Chu, or Pha Cheot Chu (ผาเชิดชูหรือผาเชิดชู), is a cliff within Si Nan National Park (อุทยานแห่งชาติศรีน่าน) which covers extensive forested and mountainous areas. A national flag pole has a lanyard running all the way down to the foot of the hill, the longest in the country.

The Thai Lu Village-Ban Nong Bua (หมู่บ้านไทยลื้อบ้านหนองบัว) The Thai Lu people living at Ban Nong Bua are noted or producing the traditional tribal fabric, an art handed down from generation to generation.

Wat Nong Bua (วัดหนองบัว) (19°05.34'N, 100°47.11'E) was built by Thai Lu craftsmen who had early migrated from southern China. Apart from the viharn which is adorned with elaborate carvings, there are also wall murals painted by Thai Lu artists some one hundred years ago.

Wat Phrathat Beng Sakat (วัดพระธาตุเบ็งสกัด) The main Buddha image is in the local style residing on the so-called Chukkachi base. The back of the Buddha image is decorated with a mirror in accordance with the Thai Lue belief.

Thung Chang: H'Mong, Lua, Khamu and Thai Lue ethnic minorities villages. Caves, including Tham Pha Pueng, the deepest cave in Thailand. Doi Pha Phueng, limestone mountain peak. Tad Mok waterfall (trek) and Phukham waterfall. Wat Thueng Phueng temple, with a Buddha of the fourteenth century. Mani Phruek botanical garden and hill tribes.

Culture

Festivals

Wai Phrathat Festival (งานประเพณีไหว้พระธาตุ) Nan is a town in the Lanna kingdom where Buddhism spread for a long period of time. Within the area of the ancient city, both in Mueang Nan and in Amphoe Pua, lie phrathats (temples) on the hill. Every year, festivals paying respect to the important phrathats are organized as follows:

Namatsakan Phrathat Beng Sakat Fair (งานนมัสการพระธาตุเบ็งสกัด) is organized on the full night of the 4th northern lunar month (around January).

Hok Peng Waisa Mahathat Chae Haeng Fair (งานประเพณี "หกเป็งไหว้สามหาธาตุแช่แห้ง") takes place on the full moon night of the 6th northern lunar month or the 4th central lunar month (around the end of February–March). Sky rockets are fired as an offering to the Buddha.

Namatsakan Phrathat Khao Noi Fair (งานประเพณีนมัสการพระธาตุเขาน้อย) takes place on the full moon night of the 8th northern lunar month or the 6th central lunar month (around May). In the festival, there is a ceremony paying respect to Phrathat Khao Noi and sky rockets are fired as an offering to the Buddha.

Namatsakan Song Nam Phrachao Thongthip Fair (งานประเพณีนมัสการสรงน้ำพระเจ้าทองทิพย์) at Wat Suan Tan during the Songkran festival on 12–15 April.

Tan Kuai Salak, Hae Khua Tan or Khrua Than Festival (งานตานก๋วยสลาก หรืองานแห่คัวตาน หรือ ครัวทาน) Than Salak or Kuai Salak is an ancient tradition created in the Buddha's time. For the northern people, it is considered as a major local merit making ceremony possessing local uniqueness. Monks are invited to receive the offerings by drawing lots.

Further reading

References

  1. ↑ ดร.กระมล ทองธรรมชาติ และคณะ, สังคมศึกษา ศาสนาและวัฒนธรรม ม.1, สำนักพิมพ์ อักษรเจริญทัศน์ อจท. จำกัด, 2548, หน้า 24-25
  2. ↑ "Phu Khe". Wikimapia. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  3. ↑ พระบรมราชโองการ ประกาศ เปลี่ยนนามมณฑล (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai) 16 (11): 140. 1899-06-11.
  4. ↑ ประกาศ เลิกมณฑลเพชรบูรณ์เข้าเป็นเมืองในมณฑลพิษณุโลก และแยกมณฑลพายัพเป็นมณฑลมหาราษฎร์ และมณฑลพายัพ รวมเรียกว่า มณฑลภาคพายัพ มีตำแหน่งอุปราชเป็นผู้ตรวจตรากำกับราชการ (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai) 32 (0 ก): 200–202. 1915-09-12.
  5. 1 2 3 Chinmaneevong, Chadamas (2016-02-09). "Northern star". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 9 February 2016.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nan, Thailand.
 Phayao Province Sainyabuli Province,  Laos
  Nan Province  
Phrae Province Uttaradit Province

Coordinates: 18°46′04.07″N 100°46′56.74″E / 18.7677972°N 100.7824278°E / 18.7677972; 100.7824278

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, March 16, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.