National Institute for Materials Science

National Institute for Materials Science

Sengen site
Former names
NRIM, NIRIM
Type Independent Administrative Institution
Established 2001
President Prof. Sukekatsu Ushioda
Administrative staff
1500
Location Coordinates: 36°04′26″N 140°07′15″E / 36.07388°N 140.12076°E / 36.07388; 140.12076
Campus Sengen, Namiki, Sakura, Meguro
Website www.nims.go.jp

National Institute for Materials Science (物質・材料研究機構 Busshitsu-zairyō kenkyū kikō) is an Independent Administrative Institution and one of the largest scientific research centers in Japan.

History

The growth and development of today's scientific research center has passed through several phases in a number of locations:

In 1956, the National Research Institute for Metals (NRIM) was established in Meguro, Tokyo, Japan. In 1979, NRIM opened an office in Tsukuba. By 1995 the institute had moved most of its functions to that location. The Meguro campus continues to exist; it remains a part of the NRIM successor, the National Institute for Materials Science.

In 1966, the National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials (NIRIM) was established in Toshima, Tokyo, Japan. NIRIM was moved to Tsukuba in 1972, in the very early stages of the Tsukuba Science City. This event was considered as the first transfer of a national research institute in Japan.

An independent administrative institute NIMS was established in Tsukuba by merging NRIM and NIRIM in 2001.

Campuses

A typical building of the NIMS Sakura campus

NIMS campuses are named Sengen, Namiki, Sakura, and Meguro. In addition, NIMS has a beamline station at the SPring-8 synchrotron located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. While all campuses host scientific research units, most administration is in Sengen. In total, about 1500 researchers, engineers and administrative staff members are employed in all those campuses. Sengen, Namiki and Sakura branches are several kilometers apart in Tsukuba a Science City within an hour from central Tokyo by Tsukuba Express train. A free shuttle bus facilitates transfer between the Tsukuba campuses.

Development

NIMS has developed as a dynamic organization; and new initiatives are launched virtually every month. Among the more noteworthy of these are:

Research

NIMS is dedicated to materials research with strong emphasis on the synthesis, characterization and applications of metals, semiconductors, superconductors, ceramics, and organic materials in their bulk and nanoscaled forms. The applications cover a wide range including electronics, optics, coatings, fuel cells, catalysts, and biotechnologies. As to characterization, techniques associated with electron microscopy, high-energy particle beams and high magnetic fields are particularly developed. Most research is experimental though at least one research center is devoted to theoretical modeling.

Selected achievements

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

NIMS has evolved into a recognized world leader in many scientific fields, including:

Besides, a number of novel devices and techniques have been proposed at NIMS:

Publications

Scientific cooperation

In September 2008, an innovative NIMS research unit, the International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) embarked on a new program of scientific cooperation with the Yonsei University in Seoul, Korea. The exchange of researchers and research information between the two institutions is projected as a crucial factor in collaborative research on the development and evaluation of sustainable chemical technology and Nano-biofusion technology.[16]

See also

References

  1. M. Akaishi, H. Kanda and S. Yamaoka "Phosphorus: An Elemental Catalyst for Diamond Synthesis and Growth" Science 259 (1993) 1592
  2. Y. Kubota et al. "Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Hexagonal Boron Nitride Synthesized at Atmospheric Pressure" Science 317 (2007) 932
  3. 1 2 K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, H. Kanda "Direct-bandgap properties and evidence for ultraviolet lasing of hexagonal boron nitride single crystal" Nature Materials 3 (2004) 404
  4. 1 2 S. Koizumi, K. Watanabe, M. Hasegawa, H. Kanda "Ultraviolet Emission from a Diamond pn Junction" Science 292 (2001) 1899
  5. T. Taniguchi et al. "Ultraviolet light emission from self-organized p–n domains in cubic boron nitride bulk single crystals grown under high pressure".Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 (2002) 4145
  6. Golberg D., Bando Y., Tang C.C., Zhi C.Y. "Boron nitride nanotubes" Adv. Mater., 19, (2007), 2413
  7. K. Takada et al. "Superconductivity in two-dimensional CoO2 layers" Nature 422 (2003) 53
  8. X. Peng et al. "Ultrafast permeation of water through protein-based membranes" Nature Nanotechnology 2009
  9. B.-N. Kim, K. Hiraga, K. Morita, Y. Sakka "A high-strain-rate superplastic ceramic" Nature 413 (2001) 288
  10. Z. Zou et al. "Direct splitting of water under visible light irradiation with an oxide semiconductor photocatalyst" Nature 414 (2001) 625
  11. "Nanofabrication by advanced electron microscopy using intense and focused beam" Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 9 No 1 (2008) 014110, "Fabrication and characterization of nanostructures on insulator substrates by electron-beam-induced deposition" Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 9 No 2 (2008) 023002 (free-download reviews)
  12. K. Terabe et al. "Quantized conductance atomic switch" Nature 433 (2005) 47
  13. Y.H. Gao and Y. Bando "Carbon nanothermometer containing gallium" Nature 415 (2002) 599
  14. X. Ren "Large electric-field-induced strain in ferroelectric crystals by point-defect-mediated reversible domain switching" Nature Materials 3 (2004) 91
  15. "Warm spraying—a novel coating process based on high-velocity impact of solid particles" Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 9 (2008) 033002 (free download review)
  16. "MANA signed a cooperation agreement with Yonsei University, Korea," News at NIMS. September 8, 2008.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Thursday, March 31, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.