Native American ethnobotany

This is a list of plants used by the indigenous people of North America. For lists pertaining specifically to the Cherokee, Navajo, and Zuni, see Cherokee ethnobotany, Navajo ethnobotany, and Zuni ethnobotany.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Contents :

A

B

C

D

E

Tribe Uses
Cheyenne Sore mouth/gums
Choctaws Coughs, dyspepsia
Comanche Toothace, sore throat
Crow Colds, toothace, colic
Dakota (Oglala) Cool Inflammation
Delaware (Lenape) Gonorrhea
Kiowa Coughs, Sore Throat
Meskwaki Cramps
Omaha Septic diseases
Omaha-Ponca Eye Wash
Sioux (Dakota) Bowels, Tonsilitis

The entire echinacea plant is used medicinally, both dried and fresh. Common preparations include making a decoction or infusion of the roots and leaves, making a poultice of parts of the plant, juicing the root or simply using the leaves as they were.[44]

Echinacea contains essential oils and polysaccharides that boost the immune system, leading to a faster recovery from various illnesses. Due to this property, echinacea has been commercialized and has had clinical trials support that it reduces the duration of a cold by 1-4 days and reduces the chance of developing a cold by 58%.[45]


G

H

Tribe Uses
Cherokee Pain relief, colds, skin issues and fever
Chippewa Skin issues, emetic, sore eyes
Iroquois Confederation Antidiarrheal, blood purifier, arthritis, appetite stimulant
Menominee Predictor of future healing
Potawatomi Sore muscles
Mohegan Dowsing

Witch hazel works as an astringent, a substance that causes the constriction of body tissues. The tannins and flavonoids found in witch hazel have astringent and antioxidant properties, respectively, which are thought to contract and protect blood vessels, thereby reducing inflammation. However, modern witch hazel extracts are often distilled and do not contain tannins due to health concerns.[72]

I

J

K

L

M

O

P

R

S

Tribe Uses
Cahuilla Colds, shampoo, deodorant, cleanse hunting equipment of bad luck
Costanoan Eye cleanser, fevers
Dakota (Oglala) Disinfectant, stomach ache
Diegueno Colds, poison oak treatment, general strengthening
Eskimo Inflammation
Mahuna Heal damage from birth
Tübatulabal Consumed seeds as food

Sage contains multiple essential oils as well as tannins and flavonoids which have, "carminative, antispasmodic, antiseptic, and astringent properties."[103] In addition to being used in modern food preparation, sage is still utilized for herbal and pharmaceutical medicines with strong evidence supporting its impacts.

T

U

V

W

Tribe Uses
Keres Analgesic
Hualapai Antirheumatic
Alabama Antidiarrheal
Abnaki Cough Medicine
Navajo Ceremonial Medicine
Thompson Orthopedic Aid (i.e. broken bones), colds, coughs, laxative
Seminole Analgesic

Willow bark contains salicin, a compound similar to aspirin that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties.[115] The following table examines why various tribes use willow.[70]

One reason for the vast differences in the use of the willow is that there are many ways to prepare it and these different preparations allow for it to be utilized in different ways. For example, the Thompson people would make a concoction of wood, willow, soapberry branches and "anything weeds" to treat broken bones. If they wanted to treat a cold, however, the Thompson people would make a decoction of red willow branches and wild rose roots.[70]

Y

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