List of writers from peoples indigenous to the Americas
The Reverend Samson Occom, Mohegan, 1723–1792,[1] thought to be the first Native American to publish in English
This is a list of notable writers who are Indigenous people of the Americas.
This list includes authors who are Alaskan Native, American Indian, First Nations, Inuit, Métis, and indigenous peoples of Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Indigenous identity is a complex and contested issue and differs from country to country in the Americas. Inclusion to this list is based on legal membership to an indigenous community, when applicable, or recognition by the relevant indigenous community/communities of the individual as a member of that community. Writers such as Forrest Carter,[2][3] Ward Churchill,[4][5][6] Jamake Highwater,[7][8][9] and Grey Owl[2][10][11] whose claims of indigenous American descent have been factually disproved through genealogical research are not included in this list.
A
- Louise Abeita, Isleta Pueblo, 1926–2014[12]
- Janice Acoose, Sakimay (Saulteaux) First Nation-Métis, Canada, b. 1954
- Evan Adams, Sliammon First Nation Coast Salish, Canada, b. 1966
- Howard Adams, Métis, Canada, 1921–2001[13]
- Freda Ahenakew, Ahtahkakoop First Nation Cree, Canada, b. 1932[14]
- Ai, Choctaw-Chickasaw-Cheyenne-Comanche-descent, 1947—2010[15]
- Humberto Ak'ab'al, K'iche' Maya, Guatemala, b. 1952[16]
- Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm, Anishinaabe, Canada, b. 1965[17]
- Clarence Alexander, Gwichyaa Zhee Corporation, b. 1939
- Robert Arthur Alexie, Gwich'in, Canada, b. 1956[18][19]
- Sherman Alexie, Spokane-Coeur d'Alene, b. 1966[20]
- Gerald Taiaiake Alfred, Kahnawake Mohawk, Canada, b. 1964[21]
- Elsie Allen, Cloverdale Pomo, 1899–1990
- Paula Gunn Allen, Laguna-Sioux-Lebanese,[22] 1939–2008
- Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl, Texcocan, Mexico, ca. 1570–1648
- Arthur Amiotte, Oglala Lakota, b. 1942[23]
- William Apess, Pequot, 1798–1839[24]
- Annette Arkeketa, Otoe-Missouria-Muscogee Creek[25]
- Jeannette C. Armstrong, Penticton Indian Band (Okanagan), Canada, b. 1948[18][26]
- José María Arguedas, Mestizo of Quechua-descent, Peru, 1911–1969
- Joanne Arnott, Métis, Canada, b. 1960
- Pitseolak Ashoona, Inuk, Canada, 1904–1983
- Joan Tavares Avant, Mashpee Wampanoag, b. 1940[27]
- Marilou Awiakta, Eastern Band Cherokee, b. 1936[28]
- Alice Azure, Mi'kmaq, b. 1940[29]
B
- Jimmy Santiago Baca, Chicano-Apache-descent, b. 1952
- Carol Bachofner, Abenaki
- Marie Annharte Baker, Anishinabe, Canada, b. 1942[18]
- Dennis Banks, Leech Lake Ojibwe,[30] b. 1932
- Jim Barnes, Choctaw, b. 1933,[31] Poet Laureate of Oklahoma, 2009
- Jose Barreiro, Taíno, Cuban-American, b. 1948
- James Bartleman, Chippewas of Rama First Nation, Canada, b. 1939
- Glecia Bear, Cree, Canada, b. 1912
- Shane Belcourt, Métis, Canada, b. 1972
- Betty Louise Bell, Cherokee, born 1949[31]
- Diane E. Benson, Tlingit, b. 1954
- Gertrude Bernard (Anahareo), Mohawk, Canada, 1906–1986[32]
- Gloria Bird, Spokane,[33] b. 1951
- Sandra Birdsell, Métis, Canada, b. 1942
- Andrew Blackbird, Odawa, ca. 1815–1908
- Ned Blackhawk, Te-Moak Shoshone[34]
- Governor Blacksnake (Thaonawyuthe/Chainbreaker), Seneca, c. 1760–1859
- Peter Blue Cloud, Mohawk, 1935–2011
- Buffalo Bird Woman (Maxidiwiac), Hidatsa, ca. 1839–1932[35]
- Sherwin Bitsui, Navajo,[36] b. 1975
- Kimberly M. Blaeser, White Earth Ojibwe, b. 1955[37]
- Peter Blue Cloud, Mohawk, b. 1935[38]
- Kimberly M. Blaeser, White Earth Ojibwe, b. 1950
- Winfred Blevins, Cherokee-descent, b. 1938 [39]
- Columpa Bobb, Tsleil Waututh-Nlaka'pamux, Canada, b. 1971
- Elias Boudinot, Cherokee, 1740–1821, first Native American novelist (Poor Sarah, 1823)[40]
- Hélène Boudreau, Métis, Canada, b. 1969
- Joseph Boyden, Métis, Canada, b. 1966[19]
- Beth Brant, Bay of Quinte Mohawk, b. 1941[18]
- Mary Brave Bird, Sicangu Lakota,[41] 1953–2013
- Silvester J. Brito, Comanche-Purépecha
- Ignatia Broker, Ottertail Pillager Band Ojibwe, United States, 1919–1987[42]
- Vee F. Browne, Navajo,[43] b. 1956
- Joseph Bruchac, Abenaki-descent, b. 1942[19][44]
- Louis F. Burns (Hulah Hihekah), Osage Nation, 1920–2012[45]
- Alec Butler, Métis, Canada, b. 1959
C
- Gregory Cajete, Santa Clara Pueblo[46]
- Cristina Calderón, Yaghan, Chile, born ca. 1938, last speaker of the Yaghan language
- Adela Calva Reyes, Otomí
- Maria Campbell, Métis, Canada, b. 1940[19]
- Nicola Campbell, Interior Salish Nleʔkepmx, Canada[19]
- Rob Capriccioso, Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians[47]
- Gladys Cardiff, Eastern Band Cherokee-descent, born 1942
- Harold Cardinal, Cree author, 1945–2005
- Aaron Albert Carr, Laguna Pueblo-Navajo, born 1963
- Lorna Dee Cervantes, Chicana-Chumash-descent, United States, born 1954
- Betsey Guppy Chamberlain, Wabanaki, ca. 1797–1886[48]
- Dean Chavers, Lumbee Tribe,[49] born 1942
- Shirley Cheechoo, Cree, Canada, b. 1952
- Chrystos, Menominee-descent, born 1946[50]
- Eddie Chuculate, Muscogee Creek Nation-Cherokee[51]
- Marie Clements, Métis, Canada, b. 1962
- Susan Clements, Seneca-Mohawk-descent, United States, born 1950[52]
- George Clutesi, Tseshaht First Nation, Canada, b. 1905–1988
- Robert J. Conley, Cherokee Nation, 1940-2014[53]
- Elizabeth Cook-Lynn, Crow Creek Lakota, b. 1930[54]
- Linda Coombs, Aquinnah Wampanoag[55]
- George Copway, Mississauga Ojibwa, Canada,[56] 1818–1869
- Jesse Cornplanter, Seneca, 1889–1957
- Rupert Costo, Cahuilla, 1906-1989
- Leonard Crow Dog, Oglala Lakota, born 1942[57]
- David Cusick, Seneca, ca. 1780–ca. 1831
D
- Joseph A. Dandurand, Kwantlen First Nation, Canada
- Nora Marks Dauenhauer, Tlingit, b. 1927[58]
- Garcilaso de la Vega (1539–1616), Mestizo/Quechua descent, Peru
- Nora Thompson Dean, Touching Leaves Woman, Delaware Tribe of Indians, 1907–1984[59]
- Philip J. Deloria, Standing Rock Sioux Tribe[60]
- Ella Cara Deloria, Yankton Dakota-Standing Rock Sioux, 1889–1971[61]
- Vine Deloria, Jr., Yankton Dakota-Standing Rock Sioux, 1933–2005[62]
- Trace DeMeyer, Shawnee
- Bonnie Devine, Serpent River First Nation, Canada
- Edward Dozier, Santa Clara Pueblo, 1916–1971[63]
E
- Charles Eastman (Hakadah, Ohiyesa[64]), Santee Dakota, 1858–1939[65]
- Anita Endrezze, Yaqui, b. 1952[66][67]
- Tommy Enuaraq, Inuk, Canada
- Heid E. Erdrich, Turtle Mountain Ojibwe, born 1963
- Louise Erdrich, Turtle Mountain Ojibwe, born 1954[19][68][69]
F
- Stephanie Fielding, Mohegan[70]
- Connie Fife, Cree
- Waawaate Fobister, Grassy Meadows First Nation Anishinaabe, Canada[71]
- Jack D. Forbes, Powhatan-Renapé-Lenape-descent,[72] 1934–2011
- Lee Francis III, Laguna Pueblo-Anishinaabe, 1945–2003[73]
- Vera Francis, Passamaquoddy, b. 1958[74]
- L. Frank, Tongva-Acjachemen-descent
- Alice Masak French, Inuk, Canada, b. 1930
G
- Eric Gansworth, Onondaga
- Garcilaso de la Vega (El Inca), Quechua, Peru, 1539–1616, first published in 1609
- Andrew George, Jr., Wet'suwet'en First Nation, Canada b. 1963
- Diane Glancy, Cherokee-descent,[67] b. 1941[75]
- Owl Goingback, Eastern Band Cherokee-Choctaw-descent,[76] b. 1959
- Jewelle Gomez, Iowa-descent, born 1948
- Roxy Gordon, Choctaw, 1945–2000[77]
- Janice Gould, Maidu-Koyangk'auwi, b. 1949[78]
- George R. D. Goulet, Métis, Canada, b. 1933
- Fred Grove, Osage Nation-Oglala Lakota, 1913–2008[79]
- Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, Quechua, Peru, ca. 1535–after 1616[80]
H
- Red Haircrow, Chiricahua Apache/Cherokee descent, b. 1972
- Janet Campbell Hale, Coeur d'Alene-Kootenay, b. 1946[81]
- Terri Crawford Hansen, Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska, b. 1953[82]
- Ann Meekitjuk Hanson, Inuk, Canada, b. 1946
- Joy Harjo, Muscogee Creek Nation-Cherokee,[83] b. 1951
- Suzan Shown Harjo, Southern Cheyenne-Muscogee Creek
- LaDonna Harris, Comanche
- Ernestine Hayes, Tlingit, b. 1945
- Allison Hedge Coke, Huron-Cherokee[83]-Muscogee Creek-descent, b. 1958
- James (Sakej) Youngblood Henderson, Chickasaw/Cheyenne, b. 1944
- Gordon Henry, White Earth Band of Ojibwe, b. 1955[84]
- Vi Hilbert, Upper Skagit, 1918–2008[85]
- Tomson Highway, Cree, Canada, b. 1951[18][19]
- Linda Hogan, Chickasaw Nation, b. 1947[86]
- Andrew Hope III, Tlingit, 1949–2008
- John Christian Hopkins, Narragansett, b. 1960
- George Horse-Capture, Gros Ventre, 1937–2013
- Robert Houle, Saulteaux, Canada, b. 1947
- LeAnne Howe, Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, b. 1951[31]
- Ralph Hubbard, Seneca, 1885–1980
- Al Hunter, Anishnaabe, Canada
I
- Alootook Ipellie, Inuk, Canada, 1951–2007[18]
- Peter Irniq, Inuk, Canada, b. 1947
- Madeline Ivalu, Inuk, Canada
J
- Paulla Dove Jennings, Narragansett
- Rita Joe, Mi'kmaq, Canada,[18] 1932–2007[87]
- Emily Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake), Mohawk, Canada, 1861–1913
- Basil H. Johnston, Anishinaabe, Canada, b. 1929[18]
- Ian C. Johnston, Canada
- Stephen Graham Jones, Blackfeet, b. 1972
- William Jones, Sac and Fox Nation, 1871–1909[88]
- Edith Josie, Gwich'in, Canada, 1921–2010[89]
- Hugo Jamioy Juagibioy, Kamentsa, Colombia
- Daniel Heath Justice, Cherokee Nation, Canada[90]
K
- Peter Kalifornsky, Dena'ina 1911–1993[91]
- Joan Kane, Inupiat
- Margo Kane, Cree-Saulteaux, Canada, b. 1951
- Jacqueline Keeler, Navajo, Yankton Sioux [92]
- Maude Kegg, Ojibwe, 1904–1999
- William Kennedy, Métis, Canada, 1814–1890
- Maurice Kenny, Mohawk, b. 1929
- Wayne Keon, Nipissing, Canada, b. 1946[18]
- Robin Wall Kimmerer, Citizen Potawatomi Nation,[93] b. 1953
- Thomas King, Cherokee-descent, Canada, b. 1943[18][31]
- Phil Konstantin, Cherokee Nation, b. 1952[94]
- Michael Kusugak, Inuk, Canada, b. 1948
L
- Francis La Flesche, Omaha-Ponca, 1857–1932[95][96]
- Susette La Flesche, Omaha-Ponca, 1854–1903[95]
- Winona LaDuke, White Earth Band of Ojibwe,[97] b. 1959
- Carole LaFavor, Ojibwe
- Joseph Laurent, Abenaki, 1839-1917
- Ronald G. Lewis, Cherokee, b. 1941
- Georgina Lightning, Sampson First Nation Cree, Canada
- William Harjo LoneFight, Muscogee Creek Nation-Natchez, b. 1966
- Donna M. Loring, Penobscot, b. 1948[98]
- Kevin Loring, Nlaka'pamux,[99] Canada
- Adrian C. Louis, Lovelock Paiute, b. 1946[100]
- Phil Lucas, Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, 1942–2007[101]
- Henrik Lund, Kalaaleq, Greenland, 1875–1948
M
- Wilma Mankiller, Cherokee Nation,[102] 1945–2010
- Larry Spotted Crow Mann, Nipmuc
- Vera Manuel, Secwepemc[103] -Ktunaxa, 1949–2010
- Lee Maracle,[18] Salish-Cree, Canada, b. 1950
- Joseph M. Marshall III, Brulé Lakota, b. ca. 1946
- Henry Lorne Masta, Abenaki, 1853-
- John Joseph Mathews, Osage, ca. 1894–1979[31]
- Janet McAdams, Muscogee Creek-descent[67]
- Gerald McMaster, Siksika Nation-Red Pheasant First Nation, b. 1953
- William D'Arcy McNickle, Salish Kootenai, 1904–1977
- Mardi Oakley Medawar, Cherokee-descent
- Joe Medicine Crow, Crow, b. 1913[104]
- Rigoberta Menchú, K'iché Maya, Guatemala, b. 1959
- Billy Merasty, Cree, Canada, b. 1960
- Edmund Metatawabin, Cree, Canada
- Tiffany Midge, Hunkpapa Lakota, b. 1965
- Dylan Miner, Métis, Canada-United States, b. 1976
- Devon Mihesuah, Choctaw, b. 1957
- Deborah A. Miranda, Esselen-Chumash
- Gabriela Mistral, Mapuche, Chile, 1889–1957
- Lewis Mitchell, Passamaquoddy, (1847-1930)
- N. Scott Momaday, Kiowa-Cherokee, b. 1934[19][105]
- Carlos Montezuma, Yavapai, 1866–1923[106]
- Patricia Monture-Angus, Mohawk, Canada
- Marijo Moore, Cherokee-descent
- Tara Lee Morin, Canada
- Irvin Morris, Navajo, b. 1958
- Daniel David Moses, Delaware, Canada, b. 1952[18]
- Mountain Wolf Woman, Ho-Chunk, 1884–1960
- Mourning Dove, Colville-Okanagan, 1888–1936
N
- Elicura Chihuailaf Nahuelpán, Mapuche, Chile[107]
- Nora Naranjo-Morse, Santa Clara Pueblo, b. 1953
- Nas'Naga (Roger Russell), Shawnee-descent, b. 1941
- David Neel, Kwakwaka'wakw, Canada, b. 1960
- Duane Niatum, Klallam, born 1938
- Mildred Noble, Ojibwe, Canada-United States, 1921–2008[108]
- Jim Northrup (Chibenashi), Fond du Lac Ojibwe, United States, b. 1943
- nila northSun, Shoshone-Red Lake Ojibwe, b. 1951
O
- Jean O'Brien, White Earth Ojibwe, b. 1958[109]
- Samson Occom, Mohegan, 1723–1792,[1] the first Native American known to publish in English
- Orpingalik, Netsilik Inuk, Canada[110]
- Simon J. Ortiz, Acoma Pueblo, b. 1941[83][111]
- Louis Owens, Choctaw-Cherokee-descent 1948–2003[112]
P
- Aaron Paquette, Métis-Cree-Cherokee, Canada[113]
- Arthur C. Parker, Seneca, 1881–1955[114]
- Daniel N. Paul, Mi'kmaq, Canada, b. 1938[115]
- Mihku Paul, Kingsclear First Nation Maliseet, Canada, b. 1958[116]
- Elise Paschen, Osage Nation[117]
- William S. Penn, Nez Perce, b. 1949
- Robert L. Perea, Oglala Lakota-Mexican, United States
- Keewaydinoquay Peschel, Anishinaabe, 1919–unknown
- Paula Peters, Wampanoag
- Lawrence Plamondon, Odawa-Ojibwe, b. 1946
- Peter Pitseolak, Cape Dorset Inuk, Canada, 1902–1973
- Simon Pokagon, Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, ca. 1830–1899[118]
- Alexander Posey, Muscogee (Creek) Nation, 1873–1908[112]
- Susan Power, Standing Rock Sioux, b. 1961
- Pretty-Shield, Crow Nation,[41] 1856–1944
Q
R
- Suzanne Rancourt, Abenaki
- Chief Henry Red Eagle, (Henry Perley), Maliseet (1885–1972)[119]
- Delphine Red Shirt, Oglala Lakota, b. 1957[120]
- Duke Redbird, Ojibwe, Canada, b. 1939
- Bill Reid, Haida, Canada, 1920–1998[18]
- Carter Revard, Osage Nation, b. 1931[117]
- Lawney Reyes, Confederated Colville Tribes (Sinixt), b. 1951[121]
- Lynn Riggs, Cherokee, 1899–1954[122]
- Eden Robinson, Haisla-Heiltsuk, Canada, b. 1968[18]
- Henry Roe Cloud, Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska, 1884–1950[123]
- John Rollin Ridge (Yellow Bird), Cherokee,[56] 1827–1967
- Will Rogers, Cherokee, 1879–1935[102]
- Will Rogers, Jr., Cherokee Nation, 1911–1993
- Wendy Rose, Hopi-Miwok, b. 1948[124]
- Ian Ross, Métis, Canada, b. 1960[18]
- Armand Garnet Ruffo, Ojibwe, Canada, b. 1955[18]
S
- Ray St. Germain, Métis, Canada
- Carol Lee Sanchez, Laguna Pueblo[125]
- William Sanders, Cherokee, b. 1942
- Greg Sarris, Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, b. 1952[126]
- Cheryl Savageau, Abenaki, b. 1950
- Madeline Sayet, Mohegan, b. 1989
- Katherine Siva Saubel, Los Coyotes Cahuilla, 1920–2011[127]
- Gregory Scofield, Métis, Canada, b. 1966[18]
- Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, Sault Ste. Marie Ojibwe, 1800–1841, first Native women to publish[128]
- Bev Sellars, Xat'sull, Canada
- James Sewid, Kwakwaka'wakw, Canada, 1913–1988
- Charles Norman Shay, Penobscot, b. 1924
- Paula Sherman, Ardoch Algonquin First Nation,
- Kim Shuck, Cherokee Nation
- Angela Sidney, Tagish, Canada, 1902–1991
- Leslie Marmon Silko, Laguna Pueblo, b. 1948[129]
- Ruby Slipperjack, Ojibwe, Canada, b. 1952[18]
- Cynthia Leitich Smith, Muscogee Creek, b. 1967
- Paul Chaat Smith, Comanche
- Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve, Brulé Lakota,[130] b. 1933
- Donald Soctomah, Passamaquoddy[131]
- Loren Spears, Narragansett
- Luther Standing Bear, Oglala Lakota, ca. 1868–1939[132]
- James Thomas Stevens, Akwesasne Mohawk, b. 1966
- Virginia Stroud, United Keetoowah Band Cherokee-Muscogee, b. 1951
- Madonna Swan, Cheyenne River Lakota, 1928–1993
- Denise Sweet, White Earth Anishinaabe, Poet Laureate of Wisconsin 2004[133]
- James Schoppert, Tlingit, 1947–1992
T
- "Chief" Tahachee, (Jeff Davis Tahchee Cypert), Cherokee, 1904–1978
- Margo Tamez, Lipan Apache-Jumano Apache, b. 1962
- Gladys Tantaquidgeon, Mohegan, 1899–2005
- Luci Tapahonso, Navajo, b. 1953[134]
- Drew Hayden Taylor, Ojibwe, Canada, b. 1962
- Ningeokuluk Teevee, Cape Dorset Inuk, Canada, b. 1963
- Russell Thornton, Cherokee Nation, b. 1942[135]
- Shannon Thunderbird, Tsimshian First Nation, Canada
- Susette LaFlesche Tibbles, Omaha-Ponca-Iowa, 1854–1903
- George Tinker, Osage Nation[117]
- Lucy Thompson, Yurok 1853–1932, first indigenous Californian woman to be published[136]
- Natalia Toledo, Zapotec, Mexico, b. 1968
- Gail Tremblay, Mi'kmaq-Onondaga,[38] b. 1945
- Raymond D. Tremblay, Métis, Canada
- David Treuer, Leech Lake Ojibwe, b 1970
- John Trudell, Santee Dakota, b. 1946[137]
- Mark Turcotte, Turtle Mountain Chippewa
- Richard Twiss, Brulé Lakota, b. 1954
- E. Donald Two-Rivers, Anishinaabe, 1945–2008
U
- Uvavnuk, Iglulik Inuk, Canada[138]
V
- Max Wolf Valerio, Kainai Nation, United States,[139] b. 1957
- Richard Van Camp, Tli Cho, Canada, b. 1971[18]
- Gerald Vizenor, White Earth Ojibwe, b. 1934[129]
W
- Richard Wagamese, Ojibwe, Canada
- Velma Wallis, Athabaskan, b. 1960[140]
- Anna Lee Walters, Pawnee-Otoe-Missouria, b. 1946[141]
- William Whipple Warren, Ojibwe, 1825–1853[142]
- Clyde Warrior, Ponca,[143] 1939–1968
- Waziyatawin (Angela Wilson), Wahpetunwan Dakota[144]
- James Welch, Blackfeet-Gros Ventre, 1940–2003[145]
- Gwen Westerman, Sisseton-Wahpeton Dakota Oyate
- Tom Whitecloud, Lac du Flambeau Ojibwe, 1914–1972
- Mary Louise Defender Wilson, Dakota-Hidatsa, b. 1930
- Sarah Winnemucca (Thocmentony), Northern Paiute, ca. 1844–1891[146]
- Craig S. Womack, Muscogee Creek-Cherokee-descent
- Elizabeth Woody, Navajo-Wasco,[147] b. 1957
X
none
Y
- William S. Yellow Robe, Jr., Fort Peck Assiniboine,[148] born 1950
- Annie York, Spuzzum First Nation Nlaka'pamux, Canada,[149] 1904–1991
- Ray Young Bear, Meskwaki, b. 1950[150]
- Alfred Young Man, Chippewa-Cree, Canada,[151] b. 1948
Z
- Ofelia Zepeda, Tohono O'odham, b. 1952[152]
- Zitkala-Sa (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin), Yankton Dakota-Standing Rock Sioux, 1876–1938[153]
- Melissa Tantaquidgeon Zobel, Mohegan,[154] b. 1960
See also
- Category:Indigenous Australian writers
- Category:Native American writers
- Before Columbus Foundation
- List of 20th-century writers
- List of indigenous artists of the Americas
- Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States
- Native American Renaissance
- Native Americans in children's literature
- Native Writers' Circle of the Americas
- Navajo Community College Press
Notes
- 1 2 Peyer 52
- 1 2 Maggie Nolan; Carrie Dawson (2004-12-20). Who's Who?: Hoaxes, Imposture and Identity Crises in Australian Literature. University of Queensland Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-7022-3523-8.
- ↑ Gretchen M. Bataille (2001-10-01). Teacher in Space: Christa McAuliffe and the Challenger Legacy. University of Nebraska Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-8032-1312-8.
- ↑ Richardson, Valerie. Report on Conclusion of Preliminary Review in the Matter of Professor Ward Churchill. University of Colorado at Boulder. 2005 . Retrieved 26 July 2009.
- ↑ Brown, Thomas. "Is Ward Churchill the New Michael Bellesiles?" George Mason University's History News Network. 14 March 2005 . Retrieved 26 July 2009.
- ↑ Harjo, Suzan Shown. "Ward Churchill: The White Man's Burden." Indian Country Today. 3 August 2007 . Retrieved 26 July 2009.
- ↑ Joane Nagel (1997-09-25). American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Red Power and the Resurgence of Identity and Culture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512063-9.
- ↑ Hoxie, Frederick E. Encyclopedia of North American Indians: Native American History, Culture, and Life From Paleo-Indians to the Present. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006: 191-2. (retrieved through Google Books, 26 July 2009) ISBN 978-0-395-66921-1
- ↑ Jace Weaver (2001-11-01). Other Words: American Indian Literature, Law, and Culture. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3352-2.
- ↑ Gail Guthrie Valaskakis (2005). Indian Country: Essays On Contemporary Native Culture. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-88920-479-9.
- ↑ Deborah Root (1996). Cannibal Culture: Art, Appropriation, and the Commodification of Difference. Perseus Books Group. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-8133-2089-2.
- ↑ Bataille and Lisa 1
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 4
- ↑ "Freda Ahenakew". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "Ai." University of Minnesota: Voices from the Gaps. Retrieved 9 July 2012
- ↑ "Humberto Ak abal". Words Without Borders. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 6
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 New 311
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sigafus and Ernst
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 9
- ↑ "Profile: Taiaiake Alfred". 8th Fire. CBC. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ Porter and Roemer 94–95
- ↑ Arthur Amiotee: Oglala Lakota. Akta Lakota Museum and Cultural Center. . Retrieved 1 March 2009.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 39
- ↑ Hypatia. Project Muse. 18:2, Spring 2003 . Retrieved 1 March 2009.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 41
- ↑ "Joan Tavares Avant". Dawnland Voices: Writings of Indigenous New England. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 337
- ↑ Senier n.p.
- ↑ Waldman 67
- 1 2 3 4 5 McClinton-Temple and Velie 26
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 53
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 273
- ↑ "Yale University, Department of History: Ned Blackhawk". Yale University. Retrieved 2015-03-11.
- ↑ Stevens, Michael W. "Biographical Dictionary of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara." Fort Berthold Library. New Town, ND: 2003. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ↑ Waldman 191
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 58
- 1 2 McClinton-Temple and Velie 247
- ↑ "Win Blevins." Authors McMillan. Retrieved 11 Jan 2013.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 105, 336
- 1 2 Porter and Roemer 136
- ↑ "Ignatia Broker." University of Minnesota: Voices from the Gaps. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ↑ "Navajo Nation Board of Education." Diné Education Quarterly. April–June 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2012
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 69
- ↑ "News: Louis F. Burns 1920-2012." Osage Nation Museum. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ↑ Plumber, Mary Annette. Getting to Know Dr. Gregory Cajete. Diverse Issues in Higher Education. 16 Oct 2008 . Retrieved 1 March 2009.
- ↑ "Capriccioso Takes Home NAJA Award." Win Awenen Nisitotung: Official Newspaper of the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians. Vol. 32, No. 8. 5 Aug 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ↑ Ranta, Judith. "Betsey (Guppy) Chamberlain". Ne-Do-Ba. Ne-Do-Ba. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
- ↑ Klug, Beverly J. (2013). Standing Together American Indian Education as Culturally Responsive Pedagogy. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-61048-785-6.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 76, 254
- ↑ "The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories". Randomhouse.com. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 77
- ↑ "Cherokee author Robert J. Conley dies". Cherokee Phoenix. 19 February 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 190
- ↑ Senier n.p.
- 1 2 Porter and Roemer 51
- ↑ Kerstetter, Todd M. "Ghost Dance". Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 90
- ↑ "Introduction." Lenape Talking Dictionary. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ↑ "Governance." National Museum of the American Indian. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ↑ Porter and Roemer 93
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 93
- ↑ "Dozier, Edward." New Mexico Office of the State Historian. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 106
- ↑ Porter and Roemer 315
- ↑ Farrell, Misty. "Throwing Fire at the Sun, Water at the Moon by Anita Endrezze." University of Minnesota: Voices from the Gaps. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- 1 2 3 Porter and Roemer 156
- ↑ Porter and Roemer 271
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 110
- ↑ "A Mohegan-Pequot Diary." Writing of Indigenous New England. Retrieved 3 Nov 3013.
- ↑ Littlejohn, Maureen. "New wave of aboriginal talent." Metro Canada. 20 July 2009. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
- ↑ Porter and Roemer 6
- ↑ Hansen, Terri (February 2008). "The Wordcraft Circle is back again and getting better". News from Indian Country. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
- ↑ Senier n.p.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 137
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- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 449
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 145
- ↑ "Fred Grove (1913 – 2008)." Mystercical-E. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
- ↑ Hamilton, Ronald. "The First New Chronicle and Good Government: Introduction." University of Texas Press. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
- ↑ "Janet Campbell Hale." University of Minnesota: Voices from the Gaps. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
- ↑ "SEJ Member Spotlight: Terri Hansen." Society of Environmental Journalists. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
- 1 2 3 Porter and Roemer 155
- ↑ "Gordon Henry." Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
- ↑ Mapes, Lynda V. and Christine Willmsen. "Vi Hilbert, revered Upper Skagit elder who preserved her native language, dies at age 90." Seattle Times. 21 Dec 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
- ↑ "Linda Hogan." University of Minnesota: Voices from the Gaps. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
- ↑ Senier n.p.
- ↑ Alan J. Barnard; Jonathan Spencer (2002). Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-28558-2.
- ↑ "Yukon writer Edith Josie dies." CBC News. 1 Feb 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
- ↑ "NAISA Council." Native American and Indigenous Studies Association. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
- ↑ "Dena'ina Writers and Speakers." Dena'ina Qenaga. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
- ↑ "Challenging tropes of Native American representation, hashtag by hashtag", The Civic Beat. Retrieved 10 August 2014"
- ↑ "Writers-in-Residence Program: Robin Kimmerer." HJ Andrews Experimental Forest. 2004. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
- ↑ "San Diego Cherokee Nation citizen also TV personality". Cherokeephoenix.org. 2009-11-06. Retrieved 2014-05-10.
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- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 216
- ↑ "Obituaries: Phil Lucas." Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
- 1 2 Waldman 55
- ↑ "Vera Manuel." First Peoples Language Map of British Columbia. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
- ↑ "Joe Medicine Crow." PBS. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
- ↑ Porter and Roemer 214, 320
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- ↑ March, Taran. "Spirits of the Water: Chilean writer uses poetry to transcend differences." Inside Chico State. Vol. 33, No. 6. 7 Nov 2002. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
- ↑ Stickgold, Emma. "Mildred Noble, 86; writer and Native American activist." Boston Globe. 27 Jan 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
- ↑ "Jean O'Brien." Native American and Indigenous Studies Association. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
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- ↑ Senier n.p.
- 1 2 3 "The Osage Nation will host Writers Summit." Osage Nation. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
- ↑ Peyer 240
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- ↑ Mihesuah, Devon A., ed. The American Indian Quarterly. Vol. 26, No. 4. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, Fall 2002:644, 678.
- ↑ "Lawney Reyes." Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 305
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- ↑ McCarthy, Guy. "Dr. Katherine Siva Saubel (1920-2011)." California Indian Education. 2 Nov 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
- ↑ Porter and Roemer 145, 325
- 1 2 Porter and Roemer 326
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 80
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- ↑ Porter and Roemer 122
- ↑ "First Nations Studies: Denise Sweet." University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. Retrieved
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- ↑ Thornton, Rus (23 March 2001). "What the Census Doesn't Count". New York Times. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
Russell Thornton, a member of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, teaches anthropology at the University of California at Los Angeles.
- ↑ Porter and Roemer 137
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 373
- ↑ "Uvavnuk." Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 6 Aug 2012.
- ↑ "Exile: Vision Quest at the Edge of Identity." Queer Cultural Center. Retrieved 4 Aug 2012.
- ↑ Bataille and Lisa n.p.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 383
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- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 369
- ↑ "Waziyatawin Angela Wilson: Genocide in Your Back Yard." Gustavus Adolphus College. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie vii
- ↑ Porter and Roemer 328
- ↑ Porter and Roemer 157
- ↑ "William S. Yellow Robe, Jr. on FIRST PERSON RADIO 4/20/16". KFAI. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "Annie York". Talonbooks. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 410
- ↑ Abbott, Larry. "Alfred Young Man". A Time of Visions. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 412
- ↑ McClinton-Temple and Velie 413
- ↑ "Government". The Mohegan Tribe. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
References
- editors, Gretchen M. Bataille, Laurie Lisa, (2001). Native American women : a biographical dictionary. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-203-80104-0.
- McClinton-Temple, Jennifer; Velie, Alan (2009). Encyclopedia of American Indian Literature. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-2087-4.
- New, W. H. (2003-08-06). A History of Canadian Literature. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. ISBN 978-0-7735-2597-9.
- Peyer, Bernd (2007). American Indian Nonfiction: An Anthology of Writings, 1760s-1930s. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3798-8.
- Porter, Joy; Roemer, Kenneth M. (2005-07-21). The Cambridge Companion to Native American Literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82283-1.
- Senier, ed., Sionhan (2014). Dawnland Voices: An Anthology of Indigenous Writing from New England. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-4686-7.
- Sigafus, Kim; Ernst, Lyle (2012-04-01). Native Writers: Voices of Power. Seventh Generation Books. ISBN 978-0-9779183-8-6.
- Waldman, Carl (2009-01-01). Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-1010-3.
- Westfahl, Gary (2005). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-32952-4.
External links
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- Association for the Study of American Indian Literatures
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- Associated Press/CNN.com: Reading into Native American Writers
- Storytellers: Native American Authors Online.
- Yax Te' Books catalog, publishing house for Mayan literature in Mayan, Spanish and English.
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