Nesterov
| Nesterov (English) ÐеÑтеров (Russian) | |
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| - Town[1] - | |
 Leningradskaya Street in Nesterov | |
.svg.png) Location of Kaliningrad Oblast in Russia | |
  Nesterov | |
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| Administrative status (as of November 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kaliningrad Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Nesterovsky District[1] |
| Town of district significance | Nesterov[1] |
| Administrative center of | Nesterovsky District,[1] town of district significance of Nesterov[1] |
| Municipal status (as of July 2009) | |
| Municipal district | Nesterovsky Municipal District[2] |
| Urban settlement | Nesterovskoye Urban Settlement[2] |
| Administrative center of | Nesterovsky Municipal District,[2] Nesterovskoye Urban Settlement[2] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 4,595 inhabitants[3] |
| Time zone | USZ1 (UTC+02:00)[4] |
| First mentioned | 1539 |
| Town status since | 1722[5] |
| Previous names |
Stallupoenen/Stallupönen (until 1938), Ebenrode (until 1946) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 238010 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 40144 |
| Nesterov on Wikimedia Commons | |
Nesterov (Russian: ÐеÌÑтеров), prior to 1938 known by its German name Stallupönen (Lithuanian: StalupÄ—nai; Polish: StoÅ‚upiany) and in 1938-1946 as Ebenrode, is a town and the administrative center of Nesterovsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located 140 kilometers (87 mi) east of Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast, near the Russian-Lithuanian border on the railway connecting Kaliningrad Oblast with Moscow. Population: 4,595 (2010 Census);[3] 5,049 (2002 Census);[7] 4,826 (1989 Census).[8]
History
In the Middle Ages, the area in Old Prussia had been settled by the Nadruvian tribe of the Baltic Prussians. It was conquered by the Teutonic Knights in about 1276 and incorporated into the State of the Teutonic Order. From the 15th century onwards, the Knights largely resettled the lands with Samogitian and Lithuanian colonists.
The settlement itself was first mentioned as Stallupoenen, or Stallupönen, in 1539, named after a nearby river called Stalupė in Lithuanian. At that time, with the secularization of the Order's Prussian lands in 1525, Stallupönen had already become part of the Duchy of Prussia, a Polish fief which in 1618 was inherited by the Hohenzollern margraves of Brandenburg. Stallupönen then belonged to Brandenburg-Prussia and in 1701 became a part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. King Frederick William I granted it town privileges in 1722.[5] Like other cities in East Prussia during the Seven Years' War between 1757 and 1762, it was occupied by the Russian forces. It was administered in the Province of East Prussia beginning in 1773. During the Prussian-led unification of Germany, Stallupönen became a part of the German Empire in 1871.
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In August 1914, the city and the surrounding area were a focal point of Battle of Stallupönen between Russian and Imperial German armies, an opening battle on the Eastern Front of World War I. It was occupied by the Russian army between August 18, 1914 and February 18, 1915.
Because of the Lithuanian minority living there, the Republic of Lithuania tried unsuccessfully to obtain the town from Germany after World War I. Because "Stallupönen" sounded too "un-German", the Nazi regime renamed the town Ebenrode in 1938.
The town was overrun by the Soviet Red Army during World War II on January 13, 1945. The region was transferred from Germany to the Russian SFSR in 1945 and made a part of Kaliningrad Oblast. In 1946, the town, whose German inhabitants largely evacuated or were expelled westward, was renamed Nesterov after Sergey Nesterov, a Soviet war hero who was killed in the vicinity.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Nesterov serves as the administrative center of Nesterovsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Nesterovsky District as the town of district significance of Nesterov.[1] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Nesterov is incorporated within Nesterovsky Municipal District as Nesterovskoye Urban Settlement.[2]
Culture
Today Nesterov is one of the cultural centers of the Lithuanian minority in Russia.
Notable people
- Werner Gitt (born 1937), German engineer
- Felix Steiner (1896–1966), German officer who served in both World War I and World War II
- Klaus Theweleit (b. 1942), German sociologist and writer
- Walther Funk (1890–1960), German economist and Nazi official
- Oscar Werwath (1880–1948), German engineer and academic administrator
- Ulrich Woronowicz (1928–2011), German Evangelical pastor, theologian and social activist
References
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Resolution #640
- 1 2 3 4 5 Law #258
- 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Ð’ÑероÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Ð’ÑероÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ ПравительÑтво РоÑÑийÑкой Федерации. Федеральный закон â„–107-ФЗ от 3 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2011 г. «Об иÑчиÑлении времени», в ред. Федерального закона â„–248-ФЗ от 21 Ð¸ÑŽÐ»Ñ 2014 г. «О внеÑении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об иÑчиÑлении времени"». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу по иÑтечении шеÑтидеÑÑти дней поÑле Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ñ„Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ (6 авгуÑта 2011 г.). Опубликован: "РоÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð³Ð°Ð·ÐµÑ‚Ð°", â„–120, 6 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- 1 2 ÐÐ½Ñ†Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ Ð“Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð° РоÑÑии. Moscow: Ð‘Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÑˆÐ°Ñ Ð Ð¾ÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐнциклопедиÑ. 2003. p. 295. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ↑ Почта РоÑÑии. Информационно-вычиÑлительный центр ОÐСУ РПО. (Russian Post). ПоиÑк объектов почтовой ÑвÑзи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "ЧиÑленноÑÑ‚ÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð Ð¾ÑÑии, Ñубъектов РоÑÑийÑкой Федерации в ÑоÑтаве федеральных округов, районов, городÑких поÑелений, ÑельÑких наÑелённых пунктов – районных центров и ÑельÑких наÑелённых пунктов Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñелением 3 Ñ‚Ñ‹ÑÑчи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Ð’ÑероÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Ð’ÑеÑÐ¾ÑŽÐ·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 1989 г. ЧиÑленноÑÑ‚ÑŒ наличного наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñоюзных и автономных реÑпублик, автономных облаÑтей и округов, краёв, облаÑтей, районов, городÑких поÑелений и Ñёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Ð’ÑеÑÐ¾ÑŽÐ·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). ИнÑтитут демографии Ðационального иÑÑледовательÑкого универÑитета: Ð’Ñ‹ÑÑˆÐ°Ñ ÑˆÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð° Ñкономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
Sources
- ПравительÑтво КалининградÑкой облаÑти. ПоÑтановление â„–640 от 30 авгуÑта 2011 г. «Об утверждении рееÑтра объектов админиÑтративно-территориального Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐšÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð½Ð³Ñ€Ð°Ð´Ñкой облаÑти», в ред. ПоÑÑ‚Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ â„–877 от 21 ноÑÐ±Ñ€Ñ 2011 г «О внеÑении Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ПоÑтановление ПравительÑтва КалининградÑкой облаÑти от 30 авгуÑта 2011 г. â„–640». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу Ñо Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ñ„Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ опубликованиÑ. Опубликован: "КалининградÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð°Ð²Ð´Ð°" (вкладыш "Официально"), â„–170, 15 ÑентÑÐ±Ñ€Ñ 2011 г. (Government of Kaliningrad Oblast. Resolution #640 of August 30, 2011 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Objects of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Kaliningrad Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #877 of November 21, 2011 On Amending the Resolution of the Government of Kaliningrad Oblast #640 of August 30, 2011. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- КалининградÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð”ÑƒÐ¼Ð°. Закон â„–258 от 30 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2008 г. «Об организации меÑтного ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾ÑƒÐ¿Ñ€Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° территории муниципального Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ "ÐеÑтеровÑкий городÑкой округ"», в ред. Закона â„–370 от 1 Ð¸ÑŽÐ»Ñ 2009 г «О ÑоÑтаве территорий муниципальных образований КалининградÑкой облаÑти». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу Ñо Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ñ„Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ опубликованиÑ. Опубликован: "КалининградÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñ€Ð°Ð²Ð´Ð°", â„–124, 11 Ð¸ÑŽÐ»Ñ 2008 г. (Kaliningrad Oblast Duma. Law #258 of June 30, 2008 On the Organization of the Local Self-Government on the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Nesterovsky Urban Okrug", as amended by the Law #370 of July 1, 2009 On the Composition of the Territories of the Municipal Formations of Kaliningrad Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
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