Nestos (river)

Mesta (Места), Nestos (Νέστος)
Basin
Main source	at 42°07′10″N 23°35′10″E / 42.11944°N 23.58611°E, Rila Mountains, Bulgaria
Source elevation	2,240 m
River mouth	Aegean Sea opposite Thasos, Greece 40°50′51″N 24°48′15″E / 40.84750°N 24.80417°ECoordinates: 40°50′51″N 24°48′15″E / 40.84750°N 24.80417°E
Watershed area	2767,1 km²
Countries	Bulgaria, Greece
Physiognomy
Length	230 km
Avg. discharge	from 1,462 m³/s at the source of Cherna Mesta to 29,850 m³/s at Hadzhidimovo

The Nestos (Greek: Νέστος) or Mesta (Bulgarian: Места), formerly the Mesta Karasu (Ottoman Turkish), is a river in Bulgaria and Greece. It rises in the Rila Mountains and flows into the Aegean Sea near the island of Thasos. It plunges down towering canyons toward the Aegean Sea through mostly metamorphic formations. At the end, the main stream spreads over the coastal plain of Chrysoupolis and expands as a deltaic system with freshwater lakes and ponds forming the Nestos delta.The length of the river is 230 km, of which 126 km in Bulgaria and the rest in Greece. It forms some gorges in Rila and Pirin.

The Mesta's longest tributary is the Dospat River (Bulgarian: Доспат; Greek: Δεσπάτης, Despatis). The banks of the river are covered mainly by deciduous trees that extend into halfway between Bulgaria and Greece where it forms the modern boundary of Greek Macedonia and Thrace, as well as the boundary between the Kavala and the Xanthi regional units, having first crossed the Drama regional unit. The river later forms a delta to the north where swamplands, wetlands and a lagoon once existed except in the east.

History

In the Geography of Claudius Ptolemy, the river is referred to as Nestus (Νέστος), and is said to form the boundary between ancient Macedonia and Thrace.^[1]

Because of its flow between canyons and inaccessible mountain areas, Nestos was not navigable in antiquity and also did not offer a natural terrestrial road along the riverbed. Concerning the horizontal communication from the East to the West, the river had only two passes, one in the middle and the other in the lower watercourse, which were controlled respectively by the cities of Nicopolis and Topeiros. The first pass, near Nicopolis, allowed the communication between the valleys of Strymon and Evros river, while through the second pass, near Topeiros, passed an ancient road (and later the Roman road of Via Egnatia) that served the communication between the East and the West. Finally, Nestos played an important role in the urban and economic history of the inhabitants of the estuary, where the city of Abdera and later Topeiros, founded by the Emperor Trajan. This is presumed by the deification of the river and its depiction on coins of the imperial period.^[2]

Honour

Mesta Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Mesta River.

Gallery

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  Nestos in Greece

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  The Momina Klisura pass along the Mesta in Bulgaria

References

1. Geography of Claudius Ptolemy, Book 3, Chapter 11
2. D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of Western Thrace during the Roman Antiquity (in Greek), Thessaloniki 2005, p. 33-36